This article reconsiders Levi-Strauss' fieldwork in Brazil from the perspective of the ethnographic and theoretical debates generated by his Americanist work. It focus on the problem of dualism, accompanying its development since the early writings on the Bororo and the Nambikwara until The History of Lynx (1991). The article casts light on the central place of South American ethnographic material on Levi-Strauss' work, as well as on the relevence of his own contribution to contemporary ethnology.
structuralism; dualism; identity; indigenous peoples