A fome no Brasil: notas sobre as narrativas no jornal Folha de São Paulo no período pandêmico de 2020

Nascimento, Roberta Lourenço do; Barcellos, Daniela Menezes Neiva; Kraemer, Fabiana Bom

Brasil

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Dossier - Food Insecurity, Hunger and Obesity in contemporaneous Brazil • Rev. Nutr. 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202437e230129 copiar

A fome no Brasil: notas sobre as narrativas no jornal Folha de São Paulo no período pandêmico de 2020

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

A nota tem como objetivo examinar as narrativas jornalísticas do jornal Folha de São Paulo (digital) sobre a fome no Brasil, no período pandêmico de 2020, uma vez que se compreende que as narrativas jornalísticas têm um papel importante na formação de opinião da sociedade. Apesar da fome ser um fenômeno estrutural no país, pouco se vê nos grandes meios de comunicação o debate sobre a magnitude dos problemas e articulação de medidas governamentais nas três esferas de gestão (federal, estadual e municipal), que possam assegurar o acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável dos mais vulneráveis.

Método

Foram selecionadas notícias na Folha de São Paulo que tratavam da fome como pauta principal, sendo analisadas com base em chaves de leitura (n=11, divulgadas entre março e dezembro de 2020).

Resultados

Em todas as matérias selecionadas o jornal abordou a causa da fome a partir da perspectiva da pandemia (acontecimento e manifestação passageira). As questões vinculadas à crise econômica e social vivenciada no país não foram enfatizadas. A forma de acionar os famintos nas matérias pode reforçar a ideia de que os pobres são fruto da fatalidade que se propaga.

Conclusão

Por fim, os resultados iniciais permitem inferir que o jornal ao editar a fome no Brasil, no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19, procurou construir uma realidade enviesada de que a fome é derivada de uma crise sanitária ao mesmo tempo que apresenta as narrativas dos famintos como estratégia discursiva para sensibilizar o leitor em relação às suas intenções.

Palavras-chave:
Meios de comunicação; Alimentação no contexto urbano; Privação de alimentos; Insegurança alimentar; Direito humano à alimentação adequada; Jornalismo

Nº	Month	Section	Author	Who writes?	Title of the article	Causalities
FS1	Mar	Health	Emílio Sant'anna	Journalist reports on the State of São Paulo. Since 2010 he has been a reporter for the Cotidiano section, where he was also assistant editor.	Diary of deprivation: I cried, I cried, I really cried, you know?	Hunger resulting from unemployment caused by the pandemic.
FS2	Mar	Daily	Fernando Canzian	(Special reporter) Editorial secretary, political editor, of the Panel, of the "TV Folha" program on TV Cultura and correspondent in NY and Washington. Winner of four Esso Press awards.	In the favelas,dwellers go hungry and start taking to the streets.	Hunger resulting from physical isolation adopted as a strategy to control the coronavirus pandemic.
FS3	Apr	Daily	1 - Artur Rodrigues 2 - Lalo de Almeida	1 - Reporter in São Paulo for the Politics section focusing on investigations. At Folha since 2014, he also worked as editor of Cotidiano. 2 - Photojournalist. He has worked at Folha for 28 years where he has been developing internationally award-winning multimedia narratives.	Homeless people trick their stomachs with water and wait hours in the sun for food.	Hunger resulting from the decrease/insufficiency of food donations during the pandemic.
FS4	Apr	Daily	1 - Artur Rodrigues 2 - Lalo de Almeida	1 - Reporter in São Paulo for the Politics section focusing on investigations. At Folha since 2014, he also worked as editor of Cotidiano. 2 - Photojournalist. He has worked at Folha for 28 years where he has been developing internationally award-winning multimedia narratives.	Quarantine in São Paulo reduces the diet of children in the suburbs to rice.	Hunger resulting from physical isolation adopted as a coronavirus pandemic control strategy.
FS5	Apr	Health	Arthur Rodrigues	1 - Reporter in São Paulo for the Politics section focusing on investigations. At Folha since 2014, he also worked as editor of Cotidiano.	Delays in aid actions and invisibility of groups worsen hunger.	Hunger resulting from physical isolation adopted as a coronavirus pandemic control strategy. Hunger resulting from the delay in emergency aid (pandemic).
FS6	Apr	Health	1 - Artur Rodrigues 2 - Lalo de Almeida	1 - Reporter in São Paulo for the Politics section focusing on investigations. At Folha since 2014, he also worked as editor of Cotidiano. 2 - Photojournalist. He has worked at Folha for 28 years where he has been developing internationally award-winning multimedia narratives.	Without food, foreigners in São Paulo skip meals and return to their countries.	Hunger resulting from physical isolation adopted as a coronavirus pandemic control strategy led to work discontinuation (self-employed, micro-entrepreneurs).
FS7	Apr	Health	1 - Arthur Rodrigues 2 - Lalo de Almeida	1 - Reporter in São Paulo for the Politics section focusing on investigations. At Folha since 2014, he also worked as editor of Cotidiano. 2 - Photojournalist. He has worked at Folha for 28 years where he has been developing internationally award-winning multimedia narratives	In the vacuum of public actions, volunteers carry out a 'war operation' to donate lunch boxes in São Paulo.	Hunger resulting from physical isolation adopted as a coronavirus pandemic control strategy. Hunger resulting from the delay in emergency aid (pandemic).
FS8	Apr	Daily	Thaiza Pauluze	Reporter in São Paulo. At Folha since 2017, she writes about public security policy, violence and human rights in Cotidiano.	Waiting for government aid against coronavirus, single mothers overcome hunger by waking up later.	Hunger resulting from unemployment caused by the pandemic. Hunger resulting from the delay in emergency aid (pandemic).
FS9	Jul	Daily	Waleska Borges	Reporter covers Rio de Janeiro topics in Cotidiano. Graduated in journalism from Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa, she has been a collaborator at Agência Folha in Rio de Janeiro since July 2020.	Former homeless man serves lunch to those who live on the sidewalks in Rio de Janeiro.	Hunger resulting from the decrease in informal work resulting from the pandemic.
FS10	Sep	Daily	Júlia Barbon	She is Folha's correspondent for Latin America, based in Buenos Aires. At the newspaper for almost 10 years, she was also a city reporter in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.	Four in ten Brazilian families live in food insecurity, says IBGE.	Hunger resulting from the economic crisis and unemployment (2017/2018 and pandemic).
FS11	Oct	Daily	Emílio Sant'anna	Journalist reports on the State of São Paulo. Since 2010 he has been a reporter for the Cotidiano section, where he was also assistant editor.	Today we face the return of a state of epidemic hunger in Brazil', says historian.	Epidemic hunger.

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[1] Correspondence to:
FB KRAEMER. E-mail: <fkraemer@uerj.br>.