Dietary self-perception by women beneficiaries of the <i>Bolsa Família</i> Program in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Dias, Marina de Paula Mendonça; Reis, Dayanna Magalhães dos; Azevedo, Clarisse Vasconcelos de; Carioca, Antonio Augusto Ferreira; Azevedo, Daniela Vasconcelos de

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202437e220096

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Original - Collective Health • Rev. Nutr. 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202437e220096 copy

Dietary self-perception by women beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Autopercepção alimentar de mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To evaluate the association between dietary self-perception and socioeconomic, health, diet, and lifestyle variables of socially vulnerable women in primary health care.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Primary Health Care Unit in Fortaleza, Ceará, with 158 women beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família (Family Aid) Program. We applied a questionnaire containing socioeconomic and health variables, food knowledge, and self-perception. Pearson's chi-square test, with a 5% significance level, was adopted to investigate possible associations between women's food self-perception and other variables.

Results

The women had a mean age of 31.2 years. Most had a household income of less than one minimum wage (75.9%), a high school education level (53.8%), were overweight (67.7%), did not engage in physical activity (72.8%), and received dietary guidance (51.9%). Negative dietary self-perception was reported by 57.0% of the sample. Women who did not engage in physical activity had a higher frequency of negative dietary self-perception (p=0.007).

Conclusion

Most women showed negative dietary self-perception. The variable “physical activity” was positively associated with dietary self-perception. Knowing how women perceive their diet and which factors are associated with their food choices can help health professionals in their daily conduct in health care units.

Keywords:
Food; Perception; Primary health care; Social vulnerability; Women.

Characteristics	n	%^a
Age
<30 years	86	54.4
≥30 years	72	45.6
Household income
<1 minimum wage^b	120	75.9
>1 minimum wage	38	24.1
Schooling
Elementary School	67	42.4
High School	91	57.6
Marital status
With companion	92	58.2
Without companion	66	41.8
Parity
No	3	1.9
Yes	155	98.1
Nutritional status
Eutrophy	51	32.3
Overweight	60	38.0
Obesity	47	29.7
Tobacco use
No	150	94.9
Yes	8	5.1
Alcohol use
No	130	82.3
Yes	28	17.7
Received dietary guidance^b
No	74	47.4
Yes	82	52.6
Physical activity
Not engaging	115	72.8
Engaging	43	27.2

Variables	Total		Dietary self-perception				p ^b
	Total		Positive		Negative
	n	%^a	n	%	n	%
Age							0.516
<30 years	86	54.4	35	51.5	51	56.7
≥30 years	72	45.6	33	48.5	39	43.3
Renda							0.894
<1 minimum wage	120	75.9	52	76.5	68	75.6
>1 minimum wage	38	24.1	16	23.5	22	24.4
Schooling							0.786
Elementary School	67	42.4	28	41.2	39	43.3
High School	91	57.6	40	58.8	51	56.7
Marital status							0.433
Without companion	66	41.8	26	38.2	40	44.5
With companion	92	58.2	42	61.8	50	55.5
Parity							1.000
No	3	1.9	1	1.5	2	2.2
Yes	155	98.1	67	98.5	88	97.8
Nutritional status							0.183
Eutrophy	51	32.3	24	35.3	27	30.0
Overweight	60	38.0	29	42.7	31	34.4
Obesity	47	29.7	15	22.0	32	35.6
Tobacco use							0.726
No	150	94.9	64	94.1	86	95.6
Yes	8	5.1	4	5.9	4	4.4
Alcohol use							0.658
No	130	82.3	57	83.2	73	81.2
Yes	28	17.7	11	16.2	17	18.8
Received dietary guidance							0.428
No	74	47.4	31	45.6	43	47.7
Yes	82	52.6	37	54.4	45	52.3
Physical activity							0.007^c
Not engaging	115	72.8	42	61.7	73	81.1
Engaging	43	27.2	26	38.2	17	18.9

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[1] Correspondence to:
DV AZEVEDO.
E-mail:
< daniela.vasconcelos@uece.br>.