Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de mitigação de óxido nitroso (N2O) em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF), em comparação ao monocultivo, e identificar os principais fatores que regulam as emissões deste gás. O experimento foi realizado em Sinop, MT, entre as safras 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, e avaliou os seguintes tratamentos: floresta, lavoura e pastagem, além do ILPF. Durante a realização do experimento, não houve presença de bovinos nas áreas com pastagem. Amostras de óxido nitroso foram coletadas semanalmente, com uso de câmaras estáticas, modelo topo-base. As concentrações do gás foram determinadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa. A precipitação pluvial e a disponibilidade de N foram os principais fatores reguladores das emissões de N2O. O sistema de ILPF apresenta potencial promissor para mitigar as emissões de N2O, com emissão acumulada de 0,367 kg ha-1 de N, em comparação a de 1,401 kg ha-1 emitidas pela lavoura; de 0,298 kg ha-1, pela pastagem; e de 0,165 kg ha-1, pela floresta.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the mitigation potential of nitrous oxide in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system (ICLF), compared with monocultures, and to identify the main factors that regulate the emissions of this gas. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Sinop, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, between the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons, with the evaluation of the following treatments: forest, crop and pasture, besides ICLF. During the experiment, no cattle were present in the pasture areas. Nitrous oxide samples were collected weekly using top-down static chambers. Gas concentrations were determined with gas chromatography. Rainfall and N availability were main factors regulating N2O emissions. The ICLF system has promising potential to mitigate N2O emissions, with 0.367 kg ha-1 N accumulated emission, compared with 1.401 kg ha-1 from cropland, 0.298 kg ha-1 from pasture, and 0.165 kg ha-1 from forest.

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease associated with delayed wound healing of oral ulcers by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. Objective to evaluate the influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and apoptosis in rats with DM treated with chamomile extract or triamcinolone. Material and Methods Wistar male rats (210.0±4.2 g) were divided into five groups: negative control group (NCG) without diabetes; positive control group (PCG) with DM (alloxan, 45 mg/kg); and groups treated with chamomile extract (normoglycemic= NCG group and diabetic= DCG group) and with triamcinolone (TG). Traumatic ulcers were performed on all animals that received topical triamcinolone, chamomile extract or saline 12/12 hours for ten days. Results On days five and ten the animals were euthanized and the ulcers were analyzed by light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). The NCG (p=0.0062), PCG (p=0.0285), NCG (p=0.0041), and DCG (p<0.0001) groups were completely healed on the 10th day, however, there was no healing on the TG (p=0.5127) group. The TNF-α expression showed a significant reduction from the 5th to the 10th day in NCG (p=0.0266) and DCG (p=0.0062). In connective tissue, the TUNEL assay showed a significant reduction in the number of positive cells in NCG (p=0.0273) and CNG (p=0.0469) and in the epithelium only in CDG (p=0.0320). Conclusions Chamomile extract can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in diabetic rats through the reduction of apoptosis in the epithelium and TNF-α expression.

RESUMO: A pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um trabalho compartilhado com professores da educação básica sobre questões socioambientais locais e analisar o processo de interação, reflexão e elaboração pelos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa, cujo tema mobilizador teve foco na conservação e na preservação de nascentes. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: audiogravação de todos os encontros, diário de campo da pesquisadoras, questionários abertos e registros escritos pelos professores. A análise dos dados decorrente dos encontros se baseou na metodologia denominada Análise de Conteúdo. Observamos uma maior interação dos professores com o tema da pesquisa quando eles se apropriaram do tema e o relacionaram com a problemática socioambiental local.

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to develop a shared work with basic education teachers about local socio-environmental issues and analyze the process of interaction, reflection and preparation by subjects participating in the survey. The subject's mobilizing theme was focused on conservation and preservation of springs. The tools used for data collection were: audio recording of all the meetings, field diary of the researcher, open questionnaires and reports written by the teachers. The analysis of data from the meetings was based on the methodology called Content Analysis. We observed teachers' higher interaction with the theme of the research when they made the theme relevant and related it to their local socio-environmental issue.

RESUMEN: La investigación tiene el objetivo de desarrollar un trabajo compartido con los profesores de educación básica acerca de cuestiones socio-ambientales locales y analizar el proceso de interacción, reflexión y elaboración por los sujetos participantes de la investigación, cuyo tema movilizador tuvo foco en la conservación y la preservación de nacientes. Los instrumentos de colección de datos fueron: audio-grabación de todos los encuentros, diario de campo de la investigadora, cuestionarios abiertos y registros escritos por los profesores. El análisis de los datos que partieron de los encuentros se basó en la metodología del Análisis de Contenido. Observamos interacción más grande entre los profesores con el tema de la investigación cuando ellos se apropiaron del tema y lo relacionaron con la problemática socio-ambiental local.