Abstract The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction has barriers depending on the geographic region. Primary coronary angioplasty is the treatment of choice, if it is performed on time and by experienced operators. However, when it is not available, the administration of fibrinolysis and referral for rescue angioplasty, in case of negative reperfusion, is the best strategy. In the same way, coronary angioplasty, as part of a pharmacoinvasive strategy, is the best alternative when there is positive reperfusion. The development of infarct treatment networks increases the number of patients reperfused within the recommended times and improves outcomes. In Latin America, national myocardial infarction treatment programs should focus on improving outcomes, and long-term success depends on working toward defined goals and enhancing functionality, therefore programs should develop capacity to measure their performance. The following document discusses all of these alternatives and suggests opportunities for improvement.

Resumen El tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST tiene barreras dependiendo de la región geográfica. La angioplastia coronaria primaria es el tratamiento de elección, siempre y cuando sea realizada dentro de tiempo y por operadores experimentados. Sin embargo, cuando no está disponible, la administración de fibrinólisis y el envío para angioplastia de rescate, en caso de reperfusión negativa, es la mejor estrategia. De la misma manera, la angioplastia coronaria, como parte de una estrategia farmacoinvasiva, es la mejor alternativa cuando hay reperfusión positiva. El desarrollo de redes de tratamiento del infarto aumenta el número de pacientes reperfundidos dentro de los tiempos recomendados y mejora los desenlaces. En América Latina, los programas nacionales para el tratamiento del infarto deben centrarse en mejorar los resultados y el éxito a largo plazo depende de trabajar hacia objetivos definidos y obtener métricas de rendimiento, por lo tanto, estos deben desarrollar métricas para cuantificar su desempeño. El siguiente documento discute todas estas alternativas y sugiere oportunidades de mejora.

ABSTRACT The implementation of Renewable Energy Sources is becoming more and more pertinent in all areas and sectors of society but, fundamentally, in rural communities that are far from the national electrical system, due to the complexity of the lives of those people who lack energy electrical. This precise reality, not only from research carried out by technical sciences but also from a social approach that allows knowing the particularities of each of these systems and their inhabitants. This research is aimed at carrying out a study of the social environment that surrounds rural contexts and the application of micro grids in these to promote local development and eradicate sociocultural and political problems caused by the lack of access to a quality electric service and reliability. As well as, proposing a participatory methodology with social considerations for the design of electric micro grids under the realities of rural populations in Cuba and obtaining an integrating result that meets the expectations and needs of its beneficiaries and is sustainable over time. Other methodologies are also applied to obtain data that correspond to qualitative and quantitative methodologies such as: documentary analysis, structured and semi-structured interviews, surveys and the problem tree.

RESUMEN La implementación de Fuentes Renovables de Energía es cada vez más pertinente en todos los sectores de la sociedad y, fundamentalmente, en comunidades rurales alejadas del sistema eléctrico. Esta realidad precisa de un enfoque social que permita conocer las particularidades de cada asentamiento y sus pobladores. La presente investigación está orientada a estudiar el ámbito social y la aplicación de micro redes para fomentar el desarrollo local y erradicar los problemas socioculturales y políticos que acarrea la falta de acceso a un servicio eléctrico de calidad. Igualmente, se propone una metodología social participativa para el diseño de micro redes eléctricas rurales y la obtención de un resultado integrador y sostenible en el tiempo que satisfaga las expectativas y necesidades de sus beneficiarios. Se aplican, además, otras metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas para la obtención de datos como son: el análisis documental, la entrevista estructurada y semiestructurada, las encuestas y el árbol de problemas.

Abstract Introduction: Seat belt aorta is a rare but often severe complication arising from blunt trauma with compression of the abdominal aorta against vertebrae. Seat belt sign is often present as an ecchymosis across the abdomen. The association with abdominal wall disruption and hollow viscus injury has been named seat belt triad; the presence of Chance fracture is sometimes considered a fourth component. Methods: Using Pubmed and Embase databases we reviewed all articles regarding abdominal seat belt aortic injuries and analysed presentation at admission, concomitant lesions, including presence of seat belt triad, treatment and outcomes. Results: Fifty-two cases were reported, from 1968 to 2019. Twenty-nine males (56%), mean age 43 ± 19 years. Most patients were stable at admission, with 29 (55.8%) presenting acute abdomen, 26 (50%) limb ischemia, 9 (17.3%) hypovolemic shock and 2 (3.8%) late-onset claudication. Seat belt sign was identified in 40 patients (76.9%), seat belt triad in 38 (73.1%) and 22 (42.3%) had Chance fractures, of which only 2 were not associated with seat belt triad. Most patients presented with aortic dissection (90.4%), complicated with pseudoaneurysm (11.5%), contained rupture (7.7%) or uncontained rupture (3.8%); 2 patients presented isolated iliac thrombosis and 3 limb ischemia. All patients required immediate surgical intervention, of which 40 (76.9%) required urgent vascular surgery. Forty-eight patients (92.3%) underwent vascular surgery: 39 open revascularizations and 9 endovascular procedures; three were managed conservatively. Ten patients (19.2%) passed away or died, of which 7 had seat belt triad. No patients needed reinterventions for vascular lesions except one, yet 3 required limb amputation. Most patients with seat belt triad required further visceral and abdominal wall repair. Conclusions: Seat belt aorta and especially seat belt triad are severe complications associated with high morbimortality often requiring surgery and multiple interventions. As patients are usually conscious and stable upon admission, this condition should not be disregarded.

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various levels of protein and dietary lipids on white snook (Centropomus viridis) performance. A 4 × 2 factorial design was used with 4 protein levels (40%, 46%, 52%, and 58%) and 2 lipid levels (10% and 13%), with 3 replicates per treatment. Fish with an initial weight of 14.80 ± 0.80 g were fed to apparent satiety 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Juvenile growth showed no significant differences among treatments. Feed efficiency was only affected by the protein level in the diet, and the best feed efficiency ratio was obtained with the 52% protein diets; the protein efficiency ratio was significantly lower with the 58% protein diets. The hepatosomatic index decreased with increasing protein content, and the peritoneal fat index increased with dietary lipid level. The condition factor was not affected by the dietary protein or lipid level. Hematocrit and total plasma protein were significantly higher at 40% protein; blood glucose and triglycerides were affected by both nutrients. It is concluded that juvenile C. viridis can be fed diets containing 40% protein and 10% lipids and a protein/energy ratio of 20.69 mg·kJ-1, under the experimental conditions of this study.

Resumen. Se llevó a cabo un experimento para evaluar el efecto de varios niveles de proteína y lípidos dietéticos en el rendimiento de juveniles de robalo blanco (Centropomus viridis). Se realizó un diseño factorial 4 × 2 con 4 niveles de proteína (40%, 46%, 52% y 58%) y 2 niveles de lípidos (10% y 13%), con 3 replicados por tratamiento. Los peces con un peso inicial de 14.80 ± 0.80 g se alimentaron a saciedad aparente 3 veces al día durante 6 semanas. El crecimiento de los juveniles no presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. La eficiencia alimenticia solo fue afectada por el nivel de proteína en la dieta, y la mejor tasa de eficiencia alimenticia se obtuvo con las dietas con 52% de proteína; el índice de eficiencia proteica fue significativamente menor con las dietas con 58% de proteína. El índice hepatosomático disminuyó al aumentar el contenido de proteína, y el índice de grasa peritoneal aumentó con el nivel de lípidos en la dieta. El factor de condición no fue afectado por el nivel de proteína o lípidos dietéticos. El hematocrito y la proteína total del plasma fueron significativamente mayores con las dietas con 40% de proteína; la glucosa y los triglicéridos en la sangre fueron afectados por ambos nutrientes. Se concluye que los juveniles de C. viridis pueden ser alimentados con dietas que contengan 40% de proteína y 10% de lípidos y una relación proteína/energía de 20.69 mg·kJ-1, bajo las condiciones experimentales de este estudio.

Resumo A mundividência das comunidades africanas, de valorização da interdependência num contexto de sincretismo, miscigenação e hibridação cultural está intimamente ligada aos valores atuais que o turismo apregoa. A reflexão que se apresenta tem como objetivo contribuir na consolidação da narrativa factual de conexão entre a cultura e turismo e sustentar a necessidade do continente africano reconfigurar a sua identidade cultural para conectar-se melhor com a atividade turística. Para o efeito, foi efetuada uma análise e revisão da literatura e procedeu-se a sintetização de conteúdos de livros e artigos científicos relacionados com as palavras-chave, onde se concluiu que a afirmação de África como ator relevante universal passa por projetar a sua própria trajetória, sendo o turismo um instrumento fundamental para essa afirmação.

Abstract The worldview of African communities, valuing interdependence in a context of syncretism, miscegenation and cultural hybridization, is closely linked to the current values that tourism proclaims. The present reflection aims to contribute to the consolidation of the factual narrative of the connection between culture and tourism and to support the need for the African continent to reconfigure its cultural identity to better connect with the tourist activity. For this purpose, a literature review and analysis was carried out and the contents of books and scientific articles related to the keywords were synthesized, where it is concluded that the affirmation of Africa as a relevant universal actor involves projecting its own trajectory, with tourism being an important instrument for this affirmation.

Abstract. In the present work, the corrosion behavior of the as-cast Cu-9Al-3Ag alloy, with shape memory, SMA, and with tempering heat treatments at two temperatures, 400 and 600 °C, were studied. These treatments were selected due to the austenite-martensite phase transition or vice versa. For this investigation, a 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte was used. Micrographs using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the martensite phase in the Cu-9Al-3Ag alloy, likewise, in the tempered samples the austenite-martensite phases were also observed. For the evaluation of the corrosion behavior, the Tafel model was implemented, for whose curves a potential of ±200 mV was used from the Ecorr. It was observed that the sample with SMA presented a good resistance to corrosion, as well as the tempered samples, unlike the as-cast sample. Finally, impedance tests were carried out using a frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 mHz and an amplitude of 10 mV, in order to observe the resistances to the solution and to the charge transfer present in each one of the samples used.

Resumen. En el presente trabajo se estudió el comportamiento de corrosión en la aleación Cu-9Al-3Ag en estado de colada, con memoria de forma en conjunto con tratamientos térmicos de revenido a temperaturas de 400 y 600 °C. Dichos tratamientos fueron seleccionados debido al cambio de transición de fase austenita-martensita o viceversa. Para esta investigación se utilizó un electrolito a 0.5 M NaCl. Las micrografías mediante microscopia óptica y microscopia electrónica de barrido muestran la fase martensita en la aleación Cu-9Al-3Ag, así mismo, en las muestras revenidas se puede observar las fases austenita-martensita. Para la evaluación del comportamiento de corrosión se implementaron las curvas de Tafel, en las cuales se utilizó un potencial de ±200 mV a partir del Ecorr. Se observó que la muestra con SMA presento una buena resistencia a la corrosión al igual que las muestras revenidas a diferencia de la muestra en estado de colada. Por último, se realizaron pruebas de impedancia utilizando un rango de frecuencia de 100 kHz a 10 mHz y una amplitud de 10 mV, con la finalidad de observar las resistencias a la solución y a la transferencia de carga presentes en cada una de las muestras utilizadas.

Resumen Introducción: El reemplazo de la válvula aórtica es el tratamiento de elección para la valvulopatía aórtica severa sintomática. Recientemente, la cirugía de reconstrucción valvular aórtica (procedimiento de Ozaki) emerge como una alternativa quirúrgica con buenos resultados a mediano plazo. Métodos: Analizamos retrospectivamente 37 pacientes intervenidos de reconstrucción de válvula aórtica entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2020 en un centro de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú. La mediana de edad fue de 62 años (rango intercuartílico: 42-68). La estenosis de la válvula fue la principal indicación de cirugía (62.2%), en la mayoría de los casos por válvula bicúspide (19 pacientes, 51.4%). 22 (59.4%) pacientes presentaban otra patología con indicación de cirugía, 8 (21.6%) presentaban dilatación de la aorta ascendente con indicación de reemplazo. Resultados: La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 1/38, 2.7%, por infarto de miocardio perioperatorio. Hubo una reducción significativa en las medianas del gradiente máximo (70 mmHg, IC 95% = 50.03-79.86 vs. 14 mmHg, IC 95% = 11.93-17.5, p < 0.0001) y gradiente medio (45.5 mmHg IC 95% = 30.6-49.68 vs. 7 mmHg, IC 95% = 5.93-9.6, p < 0.0001) de la válvula aórtica cuando comparamos las características basales con los resultados de los primeros 30 días. En una media de 19 (± 8.9) meses de seguimiento la sobrevida fue del 97.3%; la sobrevida libre de reoperación por disfunción valvular, 100% y la sobrevida libre de insuficiencia aórtica ≥ II, 91.9%, respectivamente. Se mantuvo una reducción significativa en las medianas de los gradientes máximo y medio de la válvula aórtica. Conclusiones: La cirugía de reconstrucción de válvula aórtica con pericardio autólogo mostró resultados óptimos en términos de mortalidad, supervivencia libre de reoperación y características hemodinámicas de la neo-válvula.

Abstract Background: Aortic valve (AV) replacement is the gold standard treatment for severe symptomatic AV disease. Recently, AV reconstruction surgery (Ozaki procedure) emerges as a surgical alternative with good results in the medium term. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients who underwent AV reconstruction surgery between January 2018 and June 2020 in a national reference center in Lima, Peru. The median age was 62 years, interquartile range (IQR: 42-68). The main indication for surgery was AV stenosis (62.2%), in most cases due to bicuspid valve (19 patients, 51.4%). Twenty-two (59.4%) patients had another pathology with surgical indication associated to AV disease, 8 (21.6%) had dilatation of the ascending aorta with indication for replacement. Results: One in-hospital death occurred (1/38, 2.7%) due to perioperative myocardial infarction. There was a significant reduction in the medians of the peak (70 mmHg, CI 95% = 50.03-79.86 vs. 14 mmHg, CI 95% = 11.93-17.5, p < 0.0001) and mean (45.5 mmHg CI 95% = 30.6-49.68 vs. 7 mmHg, CI 95% = 5.93-9.6, p < 0.0001) AV gradients when we compared baseline characteristics with first 30-days results. In an average of 19 (± 8.9) months of follow-up, survival, reoperation-free survival for valve dysfunction, and survival free of AV insufficiency ≥ II were 97.3%, 100% and 91.9%, respectively. Significant reduction in the medians of the peak and mean AV gradients was maintained. Conclusions: AV reconstruction surgery showed optimal results in term of mortality, reoperation-free survival, and hemodynamic characteristics of the neo-AV.

RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación clínica de vacunas anti-COVID-19 en edades pediátricas, es un desafío en tiempos de pandemia; responde a la urgencia de muestras representativas que contribuyan a la reproducibilidad del estudio en la población real. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los adolescentes participantes del ensayo clínico con la vacuna anti-COVID-19 Abdala, evaluar el cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación y estimar si son representativos de este grupo poblacional. Métodos: Se utilizaron los datos de un ensayo fase II, monocéntrico, no controlado con la vacuna Abdala. Se incluyeron 703 sujetos; 207 (29,4 %) fueron adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años, aparentemente sanos o con enfermedades crónicas controladas, valoración nutricional entre 10 y 90 percentil y voluntariedad para participar. Se estudiaron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes patológicos personales, hábitos tóxicos y cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 15 años, predominó el sexo femenino (51,7 %), el color de la piel blanca (55,6 %) y la valoración nutricional por encima del 75 hasta el 90 percentil (40,6 %). El 9,6 % tuvo hábitos tóxicos como hábito de fumar e ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas. El 51,2 % presentó algún antecedente patológico personal, con mayor prevalencia para asma bronquial, rinitis y otras alergias. El 95,8 % cumplió con el esquema de vacunación. Conclusiones: Las características sociodemográficas, los antecedentes patológicos personales y hábitos tóxicos descritos en los adolescentes del estudio son representativos para este grupo poblacional de Cuba. Se alcanzó un óptimo cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The clinical evaluation of anti-COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric population, is a challenge in times of pandemic, to respond to the urgency of representative samples that contribute to the reproducibility of the study in the real population. Objective: To characterize the adolescents participating in the clinical trial with the Abdala anti-COVID-19 vaccine, to evaluate compliance with the vaccination schedule and to estimate whether they are representative of this population group. Methods: Data from a phase II trial with Abdala vaccine were used. A total of 703 subjects were included, 207 (29.4 %) of them were adolescents, between 12 and 18 years of age, with apparently healthy or controlled chronic diseases, nutritional assessment between 10 and 90 percentiles, and willingness to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data, personal pathological history, toxic habits and compliance with the vaccination scheme of 3 doses every 14 days were the variables studied. Results: The average age was 15 years, it was predominant female sex (51.7 %), white skin color (55.6 %) and nutritional assessment above 75 to 90 percentiles (40.6 %). The 9.6 % had toxic habits such as smoking and ingestion of alcoholic beverages. Some personal pathological history was in 51.2 % with a higher prevalence for bronchial asthma, rhinitis and other allergies. The vaccination scheme was fulfilled for 95.8 % of individuals. Conclusions: Sociodemographic characteristics, pathological history and toxic habits described for adolescents on the study are representative for this population group in Cuba. The vaccination schedule had an optimal compliance.

Abstract This article analyses the history of the Portuguese Child Protection System (CPS), mainly his relation with the Welfare State development, the affirmation of local power and the evolution of the social protection system that led to the approval of the Law of Protection of Children and Youth in Danger, in 1999. Considering the CPS history lessons and some significative trends of evolution of protection systems, at an international level, we analyze the present situation of the system, from dimensions like the general orientation, the system organization, and the workforce, to envision its future.

Résumé Cet article analyse l’histoire du Système de Protection de l’Enfance (SPE) portugais, en particulier dans sa relation avec le développement de l’Etat Providence, l’affirmation du pouvoir local et l’évolution du système de protection sociale qui a conduit à l’approbation de la Loi de Protection de l’Enfance et la Jeunesse en Danger, en 1999. Considérant les leçons de l’histoire du SPE et quelques tendances d’évolution de systèmes de protection au niveau international, nous analysons la situation actuelle du système, à partir de dimensions telles que l’orientation globale, le modèle d’organisation et la main d’oeuvre, pour envisager son avenir.

Resumen Este articulo analiza la historia del sistema de protección a la infancia (SPI) portugués, es decir, su relación com el desarrollo del Estado de Bienestar, la afirmación del poder local y la evolución del sistema de protección social que condujo a la aprobación de la Ley de Protección a la Infancia y la Juventud en Peligro. Teniendo en cuenta las lecciones de la historia del SPI y algunas tendencias significativas en la evolución de los sistemas de protección, a nivel internacional, analizamos la situación actual del sistema portugués, a partir de dimensiones como la orientación global, el modelo de organización y la fuerza de trabajo, con el fin de poner en perspectiva su futuro.

Resumo Este artigo, analisa a história do sistema de proteção de crianças (SPC) português, designadamente a sua relação com o desenvolvimento do estado-providência, a afirmação do poder local e a evolução do sistema de proteção social, que conduziu à aprovação da Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo, em 1999. Considerando as lições da história do SPC e algumas tendências de evolução significativas de sistemas de proteção, no plano internacional, analisamos a situação atual do sistema português, a partir de dimensões como a orientação global, o modelo de organização e a força de trabalho, para perspetivar o seu futuro.

Resumen El fenómeno subsidencia ocasionado por la sobreexplotación excesiva de algunos acuíferos para el abastecimiento de agua potable, ha provocado la aparición de agrietamientos y asentamientos diferenciales en los pavimentos, repercutiendo en un sin número de daños en las vías terrestres en diferentes estados de la República Mexicana y del mundo. En efecto, la tecnología ha progresado y de esta manera se han incorporado nuevas técnicas para acelerar la solución a este tipo de problemas como el Vehículo Aéreo No Tripulado (VANT) y el Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS); estas tecnologías han influido en distintas tareas como: a) levantar grandes áreas en periodos pequeños, b) disminuir el alto requerimiento de personal y c) la poca demanda de los recursos necesarios para cubrir las necesidades de uso. Esta investigación presenta una metodología para la medición de los agrietamientos en pavimentos con la finalidad de acelerar el proceso de identificación y predicción de asentamientos en un área, misma que presenta continuos movimientos por subsidencia desde hace años, provocando cuantiosos daños en la infraestructura existente. Se consideró monitorear el área por doce meses, obteniendo un ortomosaico y cinco Modelos Digitales de Elevación (MDE) cada dos meses y procesando mediante softwares especializados en fotogrametría VANT usando Puntos de Control Terrestres (GCP o BN) para poder corregir los MDE mediante la ortorectificación de las fotografías. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo se reduce el tiempo de identificación de daños en los pavimentos, asimismo, se han obtenido asentamientos de magnitud con 5.7 cm en el área, además de un procesamiento de datos de dos horas cubriendo un área de 27,224 m2. De la misma manera, con este procesamiento es posible conocer un valor más aproximado, se han podido medir la longitud y ancho de las grietas por la relación GSD (cm/pix) que es programada en el vuelo del VANT.

Abstract The subsidence phenomenon caused by the excessive overexploitation of some aquifers for the supply of drinking water, has caused the appearance of cracks and differential settlements in the pavements, affecting countless damages to land roads in different states of the Mexican Republic and of the world. Indeed, technology has progressed and thus new techniques have been incorporated to speed up the solution to these types of problems, being: the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the Global Positioning System (GPS); These technologies have influenced different tasks such as: a) raising large areas in small periods, b) reducing the high requirement of personnel and, c) the low demand for the resources necessary to cover the needs of use. This research presents a methodology for the measurement of cracks in pavements in order to speed up the process of identification and prediction of settlements in an area, which has had continuous movements due to subsidence for years, causing extensive damage to existing infrastructure. It was considered to monitor the area for twelve months, obtaining an orthomosaic and five Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) every two months and processing through specialized UAV photogrammetry software using Ground Control Points (GCP or BN) in order to correct the DEMs through orthorectification. of the photographs. The results obtained show how the time to identify pavement damage is reduced, likewise, settlements of a magnitude of 5.7 cm have been obtained in the area, in addition to a two-hour data processing covering an area of 27,224 m2. In the same way, with this processing it is possible to know a more approximate value, it has been possible to measure the length and width of the cracks by the GSD ratio (cm/pix) that is programmed in the UAV flight.

Abstract Preventive behavior and decision-making processes depend greatly on risk perception. Incorporating the affective component in risk assessment provides valuable information for understanding COVID-19-related risk. The study aimed to adapt and validate the COVID-19 Risk Belief Scale and evaluating Intuitive Risk Perception and its association with anxiety and worry. A cross-sectional study was conducted analyzing data from 694 Mexican adults, which was collected through on-line platforms during 2020. The final CFA including 18 items showed adequate goodness-of-fit indices (RMSEA = 0.059, 90% CI [0.053, 0.065]; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.044) supporting a five-factor structure. Moderate levels of intuitive risk perception were found, as well as moderate to low levels of worry and somatic anxiety. Significant correlations between both measures and risk perception were observed. This study confirms the importance of the affective component within risk assessment and findings become highly significant considering the current worldwide pandemic conditions.

Resumen El feminismo es un movimiento que busca transformar el orden social imperante, establecido a partir de la jerarquización de la diferencia surgida de una concepción binaria sexo-génerica, y que ha situado a las mujeres en una situación histórica de opresión y explotación. A pesar de la vigencia del feminismo y el aporte de este en las democracias actuales, no todas las personas y, en particular, las mujeres, se identifican con este movimiento social. El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar los predictores de la identificación feminista en mujeres en Chile. Con base en los resultados de un cuestionario online respondido por 389 mujeres, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple (R. = .53, F (3,385) = 107.1, p < .001) en el que se utilizó como variable dependiente la identificación feminista. Las variables con mayor poder predictivo fueron: la predisposición a la participación feminista (. = .54); el sexismo hostil (. = -.20), y la orientación política (. = -.16). Lo anterior indicaría que aquellas mujeres dispuestas a participar en actividades feministas, que rechazan las formas de sexismo hostil y que adhieren a posiciones políticas de izquierda, son quienes mayormente se identifican con el feminismo en Chile. Este modelo relacionaría procesos identitarios que involucran una toma de consciencia de la ilegitimidad que implica que un grupo domine a otro o se encuentre en una situación de privilegio injustificados respecto de otros, y el consecuente reconocimiento de la puesta en acción para la transformación social. Esta relación entre toma de conciencia y acción, a su vez, permitiría explicar la imbricación de las luchas sociales durante el estallido social de octubre 2019 y el movimiento feminista chileno. Finalmente, se discute sobre las limitaciones del presente estudio y lineamientos para futuros.

Abstract The data obtained were subjected to a descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation) and test score reliability (Cronbach´s Alpha). Then, Pearson´s partial correlations were calculated in order to contrast with the dependent variable feminist identification. From the total sample, 74.8 % self-identified with feminism to various degrees (from a form of private acceptance, but not public; up to activism); while 6 % self-declared as not feminist, and 19 %, well in-line with the objectives, did not self-identify as feminist. Feminism is a movement that looks to transform the current social order, established from the hierarchization based on the difference suggested of a binary sex/gender conception. This order has historically situated women in a position of oppression and exploitation. In spite of the relevance and support for feminism in current democracies, not everyone, in particular women, identify with this social movement. Considering this, the main objective of this study is to identify the predictors of feminist identification in women in Chile. This study, of quantitative type, has a sample size made up of 389 women. The type of sample was not probabilistic, rather self-selected. The participants answered an online survey that explored the variables: feminist identification, political orientation (left-right), support of the movement and feminist objectives, predisposition to feminist action, ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent sexism) (Glick & Fiske, 1996), social orientation domination SDO (Prato et al., 1994), right wing authoritarianism RWA (Altemeyer, 1996), and socio-demographic variables as well. Also, the participants signed an informed consent form, endorsed by the corresponding ethics committee. The ages of the participants fluctuated between 18 and 72 (M = 27.4; DT = 11.52). The data obtained were subjected to a descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation) and test score reliability (Cronbach´s Alpha). Then, Pearson´s partial correlations were calculated in order to contrast with the dependent variable feminist identification. From the total sample, 74.8 % self-identified with feminism to various degrees (from a form of private acceptance, but not public; up to activism); while 6 % self-declared as not feminist, and 19 %, well in-line with the objectives, did not self-identify as feminist. Later on, the variables that showed a significant relationship with the dependent variable were subjected to a multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = .53, F (3,385) = 107.1 p < .001). The variables with the highest predictive power were predisposition to feminist participation (β = .54), hostile sexism (β = -.20), and political orientation (β = -.16). This would indicate that those women willing to participate in feminist activities, who reject hostile forms of sexism and adhere to leftist political positions are those who mostly identify with feminism in Chile. This model would relate identarian processes that involve an awareness of the legitimacy that implies that one group dominates another or finds itself in a position of unjustified privilege with respect to others, and the acknowledgement of the need for transformational social action. This relationship between awareness and action, likewise, would explain the overlapping social struggles during the social outbreak of October 2019 and the feminist movement in Chile. Finally, limitations of the present study are discussed with respect to the difficulty to generalize the results due to the type of sample (self-selected); and the characteristics of the sample, referring to the difficult access to women older than 50. These women presented difficulty in forms of access and in completing the survey online. Furthermore, it is considered that due to the bias of explicit attitude studies with regards to social desirability at the moment of response, it would be of great importance to complete this work with implicit attitude measures. Also, the study proposes that as future line of research a study that investigates what do women themselves understand about feminism in order to make realizations of the plurality of this social movement.

Objective: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a significant risk factor for the development and severity of bipolar disorder (BD) with increased risk of suicide attempts (SA). This study evaluated whether a machine learning algorithm could be trained to predict if a patient with BD has a history of CM or previous SA based on brain metabolism measured by positron emission tomography. Methods: Thirty-six euthymic patients diagnosed with BD type I, with and without a history of CM were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Suicide attempts were assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) and a semi-structured interview. Resting-state positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was conducted, electing only grey matter voxels through the Statistical Parametric Mapping toolbox. Imaging analysis was performed using a supervised machine learning approach following Gaussian Process Classification. Results: Patients were divided into 18 participants with a history of CM and 18 participants without it, along with 18 individuals with previous SA and 18 individuals without such history. The predictions for CM and SA were not significant (accuracy = 41.67%; p = 0.879). Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to improve the accuracy of machine learning, as its predictive qualities could potentially be highly useful in determining histories and possible outcomes of high-risk psychiatric patients.

Resumen Escherichia coli es uno de los principales patógenos humanos causantes de diferentes infecciones de inicio hospitalario y comunitario. Se determinó que el 1,96% (32/1.632) de los aislamientos de E. coli recuperados entre enero de 2013 y marzo de 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, provincia de Tierra del Fuego, fueron resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación (CTG). Estos aislamientos fueron resistentes a cefotaxima (91%) y/o a ceftazidima (28%). No se detectó resistencia a los carbapenemes. Veintiséis aislamientos fueron positivos para el gen blaCTX-M, agrupados como CTX-M-1/15 (54%), CTX-M-9/14 (25%), CTX-M-2 (17%) y CTX-M-1/15 más CTX-M-9/14 (4%). Cinco cepas resistentes a CTG dieron positivo para el gen blaCMY, mientras que un aislamiento presentó la BLEE TEM-19. Doce aislamientos se identificaron como clon hiperepidémico E. coli ST131 y uno como ST69. El análisis de las secuencias del genoma de siete aislamientos seleccionados de E. coli blaCTX-M-15 confirmó la circulación de los clones internacionales de alto riesgo ST131, ST617 y ST405 en la ciudad de Ushuaia.

Abstract Escherichia coli is one of the main human pathogens causing different hospital- and community-acquired infections. During the period from January 2013 to March 2015, 1.96% (32/1632) of E. coli isolates recovered at the Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego province, were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs). These isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (91%) and/or ceftazidime (28%). No resistance to carbapenems was detected. Twenty-six isolates were positive for blaCTX-M gene, grouped as CTX-M-1/15 (54%); CTX-M-9/14 (25%); CTX-M-2 (17%); and CTX-M-1/15 plus CTX-M-9/14 (4%). Five TGC-resistant strains were positive for blaCMY gene, while one strain harbored TEM-19 ESBL. Twelve isolates were identified as ST131 E. coli hyperepidemic clone, and one as ST69. Genome sequence analysis of seven blaCTX-M-15 E. coli selected isolates confirm the circulation of ST131, ST617 and ST405 international high-risk clones in the city of Ushuaia.