Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of immersion and acid challenge with cola drink on color change (ΔE), Vickers hardness (VHN) and surface roughness (Ra) of artificial acrylic resin teeth. Material and Methods: The artificial teeth were divided into 6 groups (n= 8): TC (Trilux/Control), BC (Biotone/Control), TAC (Trilux/Acid challenge), BAC (Biotone/Acid challenge), TI (Trilux/Immersion) and BI (Biotone/Immersion). The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and the labial side was serially polished to provide appropriate flat surface. The samples of TC, BC, TI, BI groups were immersed in artificial saliva and cola drink (coke) for 7 days, respectively. The acid challenge was performed with immersion of samples in coke for 5 min, and subsequently immersion in artificial saliva for 2h. This cycle was repeated at 4 times/day, during 7 days. The tests of VHN, ΔE and Ra were analyzed before and after the challenge and immersion groups. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and T test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no difference in Ra values between groups after treatments. However, there was a decrease in VHN for all groups. BI (19.2 ± 0.3) presented significantly lower hardness than BAC (19.5 ± 0.9) and BC (20.2 ± 0.5). Groups BI (2.18 ± 0.41) and TI (1.50 ± 0.43) had statistically higher ΔE compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The hardness of resin teeth decreased after acid challenges, but the roughness surface was not affected. The color was more affected by the times of exposure in cola beverage and remineralization in artificial saliva, which were associated to the material degradation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar como os cirurgiões da mão conduzem o tratamento da fratura de escafoide e suas complicações. Métodos: Durante o 36° Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia da Mão (2016) foram distribuídos 200 questionários. Resultados: Na suspeita da fratura sem confirmação radiográfica, 57% dos cirurgiões solicitam TC ou RM, enquanto 43% optam por imobilização e radiografia seriada. Nas fraturas estáveis, a preferência foi tratamento com gesso. Nas fraturas sem desvio da cintura do escafoide, 33% optam pela fixação percutânea. Nas fraturas desviadas do polo proximal ou da cintura, a opção é o tratamento cirúrgico em 66% e 99,4%. A maioria trata a pseudoartrose da cintura com enxerto não vascularizado. Quando a absorção no foco da pseudoartrose é maior que 4 mm, 50% preferem utilizar enxerto do ilíaco e fixar com parafuso. Nas pseudoartroses do polo proximal, a técnica de Zaidemberg é a preferida por 64%. Os cirurgiões mais experientes têm maior propensão para pedir exames em fraturas ocultas (63,9% versus 47,6%; p = 0,04) e tendem a indicar cirurgia com mais frequência para as fraturas do terço distal (16,4% versus 4,7%; p = 0,02). Conclusões: Forneceu-se panorama das preferências de tratamento para as fraturas do escafoide. Destaca-se maior tendência de cirurgiões mais experientes para solicitação de exames subsidiários para fraturas ocultas e maior indicação cirúrgica para as fraturas do terço distal. Nível de Evidência IV, Estudo transversal tipo survey.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify how hand surgeons manage scaphoid fractures and their complications. Methods: Two hundred questionnaires were distributed during the 36th Brazilian Hand Surgery Congress (2016). Results: On suspicion of fracture without radiographic confirmation, 57% of surgeons request a CT or MRI scan, while 43% opt for immobilization and consecutive radiographs. In stable fractures the preference was for treatment with plaster cast. In fractures with no scaphoid waist displacement, 33% opt for percutaneous fixation. In displaced waist or proximal pole fractures, 66% and 99.4%, respectively, opted for surgical treatment. Most surgeons treat waist nonunion with a nonvascularized bone graft. When absorption at the site of nonunion is greater than 4 mm, 50% prefer to use iliac graft and screw fixation. In proximal pole nonunion, the Zaidemberg technique is preferred by 64%. More experienced surgeons are more likely to request tests in occult fractures (63.9% versus 47.6%; p=0.04), and tend to recommend surgery for distal third fractures more frequently (16.4% versus 4.7%; p=0.02). Conclusions: We have provided an overview of treatment preferences for scaphoid fractures. It should be noted that more experienced surgeons are more likely to request additional tests for occult fractures and to recommend surgical treatment of distal third fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Cross-sectional survey.

The objective of the study was to compare a traditional diet (protein concentrate 45%, TC) versus two live foods: Poecilia reticulata (T1: guppys: 27% proteins) and Coptotermes formosanus (T2: termites: 22% proteins), to develop strategies that all ow the optimal development of arawana fingerlings (O. bicirrhosum) phase VII. The specimens (n=54) were studied in an SCR system (closed water recirculation) that included 9 aquariums (6 individuals per aquarium, three replicates each). The T1 group presented the best results for the 3 replicates, with gain of size: 0.11 mm/day, weight: 0.230 g/day, and survival rate: 100%. Second, the TC group had a weight gain of 0.169 g/day. Third, the T2 group achieved weight gain: 0.084 g/day and survival rate: 98%. It is concluded that high protein percentages (45%) are not necessary to obtain greater weight and that the best alternative diet in achieving the best development of fingerlings was the live food based on guppys

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar una dieta tradicional (concentrado proteico 45% de proteínas, TC) versus dos alimentos vivos: Poecilia reticulata (T1: guppys: 27% proteínas) y Coptotermes formosanus (T2: termitas: 22% proteínas), con el fin de desarrollar estrategias que permitan el óptimo desarrollo de alevines de arawana (O. bicirrhosum). Ejemplares de O. bicirrhosum (n=54) en etapa VII fueron estudiados en un sistema SCR (recirculación cerrada de agua) que incluyó 9 acuarios (6 individuos por acuario, tres réplicas cada uno). El grupo T1 presentó los mejores resultados para las 3 réplicas, con ganancia de talla: 0,11 mm/día, peso: 0,230 g/día, e índice de supervivencia: 100%. En segundo lugar, el grupo TC obtuvo ganancia de peso: 0,169 g/día. En tercer término, el grupo T2 logró ganancia de peso: 0,084 g/día e índice de supervivencia: 98%. Se concluye resaltando que no son necesarios altos porcentajes de proteínas (45%) para obtener mayor peso y que la mejor dieta alternativa fue el alimento vivo a base de guppys, al lograr el mejor desarrollo de los alevines

The substitution effects of Fe ion on the structure of the intermetallic Bi3Ni1-xFex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) superconductor were studied. The morphology of samples consists of an inhomogeneous laminar slab-like microstructure. The main phase corresponds to Bi3Ni1-xFex with an orthorhombic structure (Pnma), but with very small quantities of impurities of BiNi and Bi as revealed by X-ray diffraction. SEM and AFM reveal that the Bi3Ni1-xFex phase consists of two regions. One region is Bi richer and Ni and Fe poorer than the other region. Raman spectroscopy revealed two phonon modes at room temperature. No significant changes were observed in the spectra with Fe doping and in different regions of the Bi3Ni1-xFex phase. Superconductivity is observed below a transition temperature TC = 4 K and regardless of iron doping.

Resumo Muitos municípios brasileiros possuem legislação específica voltada para o manejo das águas pluviais no meio urbano, tendo como principal objetivo a redução do escoamento superficial. Entre as medidas promovidas se encontra a obrigatoriedade de implantação de diferentes dispositivos nos lotes que funcionem armazenando ou infiltrando o excesso do escoamento superficial causado pela urbanização, de forma a compensar o impacto desta. Esse tipo de prática é conhecido como técnica compensatória (TC). Diante das diferentes TC que podem ser escolhidas, neste artigo são apresentadas as preferências e principais percepções da população de três diferentes estratos socioeconômicos a respeito das TCs. O estudo foi conduzido na cidade de Santa Maria, RS, que como outros municípios brasileiros de médio porte, ainda deverá adotar algum tipo de política pública voltada para a gestão das águas pluviais no meio urbano. Foram entrevistadas 518 residências em bairros representativos da baixa classe alta, alta classe média e baixa classe média, que possuem a mesma diretriz para ocupação do solo. Os resultados revelaram importantes aspectos a respeito do entendimento dos entrevistados no que se refere ao manejo das águas pluviais em meio urbano e evidenciaram que a preferência por TC de armazenamento ou infiltração pode ser influenciada pela classe socioeconômica. Ainda, a entrevista permitiu identificar que em mais de 90% dos domicílios entrevistados já existe conhecimento sobre esse tipo de política pública.

Abstract Many Brazilian municipalities have specific legislation focused on the management of urban stormwater with the main purpose runoff control. Among the promoted measures are the mandatory implementation of different devices that operate storing or infiltrating the runoff, compensating its impact. This practice is known as compensatory technique (CT). Given the different possible CT that can be chosen, this article presents the main preferences and perceptions of the population in three different socioeconomic groups. The study was accomplished in the city of Santa Maria / RS, that as other municipalities of medium size, should also adopt some sort of public policy towards the stormwater management. A total of 518 households were surveyed in representative districts of the upper lower class, upper middle class and lower middle class, who have the same guideline for land use. The results revealed important aspects regarding the understanding of the public to the management of rainwater in urban areas, and showed that the preference between storage or infiltration may be influenced by socioeconomic status. In addition, the survey was able to identify that more than 90% of households have already knowledge about this type of public policy.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de sínquise cintilante de câmara anterior em lactente sem causa elucidada. O paciente apresentou desvio no olhar desde o nascimento. Antecedentes pessoais e familiares sem anormalidades. Ao exame em OE: Esotropia constante, nistagmo horizontal, leucocoria e microftalmia, já em OD: sem anormalidades. Ultrassonografia (USG) em OE: redução do comprimento axial, retina aplicada e vítreo hiperecogênico. Aventaram-se hipóteses de persistência de vítreo primário hiperplásico, catarata congênita e retinoblastoma, e solicitou-se tomografia de crânio e cavidade orbitária (TC). Paciente retornou após 6 meses trazendo resultado da TC cuja única alteração evidenciada era OE com áreas hiperatenuantes e sem sinais de calcificação. Ao exame em OD: reflexo pupilar direto positivo e consensual negativo e em OE: hiperemia conjuntival, análise de reflexo pupilar, inviabilizada por presença de sínquises cintilantes de coloração ocre na câmara anterior, que não estava presente no exame inicial. Solicitou-se nova USG, evidenciando: ecos puntiformes na cavidade vítrea, sugerindo hemorragia, espessamento de hialoide posterior, retina aplicada e coroide com espessura aumentada. A sínquise cintilante ou “colesterolosis bulbi” é um processo degenerativo comumente secundário a trauma, inflamação ou hemorragia intraocular. Cursa com deposição de cristais de colesterol (provenientes do cristalino em degeneração ou do próprio vítreo) na cavidade vítrea, espaço sub-retiniano e, mais raramente, na câmara anterior. Sugerese que o fenômeno decorra de traumas, catarata de longa duração, hifema, glaucoma secundário ou descolamento de retina e mais raramente, de uveítes, neoplasias ou vasculopatias. Até o presente, não há relato na literatura de sínquise cintilante de câmara anterior envolvendo um lactente.

ABSTRACT The propose of this article is presenting a case report of Synchisis scintillans of the anterior chamber in an infant patient without any elucidation. The patient’s initial complaint was “strabismus since birth”. There was not found any other personal or family abnormalities. On examination: OS: Esotropia maintained, horizontal nystagmus, microphthalmia and leukocoria. OD: no abnormalities. Ultrasonography (USG) OS: reduction of the axial length, retinal applied and hyperechoic vitreous. Raised hypotheses were persistence of hyperplastic primary vitreous, congenital cataract and retinoblastoma, and there was also requested cranial and orbital cavity tomography (TC). The patient returned after six months with TC showing as sole evidenced hyperattenuating areas without signs of calcification on OS. On examination: OD showing direct pupillary reflex positive and consensual pupillary reflex negative. OS: conjunctival hyperemia and analysis of pupillary reflex frustrated by the presence of sparkling colored ocher in the anterior chamber. We asked for a new USG, which showed: punctate echoes in the vitreous cavity, suggesting hemorrhage; thickening of the posterior hyaloids; choroid and retina were attached, both with increased thickness. The synchisis scintillans or “colesterolosis bulbi” is a degenerative process commonly secondary to trauma, inflammation or intraocular hemorrhage. Evolves with deposition of cholesterol crystals (from degeneration of the lens or vitreous itself) in the vitreous cavity, subretinal space and rarely, in the anterior chamber. There are evidences that the phenomenon could arise from severe trauma, long-term cataract, hyphema, glaucoma or retinal detachment and, even more rarely, uveitis, neoplasias or vascular disorders. Until this case, there was no report of Synchisis scintillans in the anterior chamber involving an infant.

Transmission of Trypanosoma cruziduring pregnancy is estimated to occur in less than 20% of infected mothers; however, the etiopathogenesis is not completely understood. The Centre for Studies on Chagas Disease provides confirmation of T. cruziinfection for individuals living in central Brazil. In this retrospective hospital-based study, all requests for diagnosis of T. cruziinfection in individuals less than 21 years old from 1994-2014 were searched. We end with 1,211 individuals and their respective infected mothers. Congenital transmission of infection was confirmed in 24 individuals (2%) in central Brazil, an area where the main T. cruzi lineage circulating in humans is TcII. This low prevalence of congenital Chagas disease is discussed in relation to recent findings in the south region of Brazil, where TcV is the main lineage and congenital transmission has a higher prevalence (approximately 5%), similar to frequencies reported in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. This is the first report to show geographical differences in the rates of congenital transmission of T. cruziand the relationship between the prevalence of congenital transmission and the type of Tc prevalent in each region.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores e correlacionar os valores de amplitudes de movimentos (ADM) cervical obtidas por fleximetria e goniometria em crianças. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 106 crianças saudáveis, 49 meninos (8,91±2,09 anos) e 57 meninas (9,14±1,46 anos), com idades entre seis e 14 anos, assintomáticas para disfunção cervical. Dois examinadores previamente treinados e dois auxiliares avaliaram a ADM cervical. Os examinadores coletaram as medidas por fleximetria e goniometria (confiabilidade interexaminadores) e repetiram as avaliações, após uma semana (confiabilidade intra-examinador). Todas as medidas foram registradas três vezes por cada examinador e o valor médio foi considerado para análise estatística. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC 2,1 e 2,2) foi utilizado para verificação das confiabilidades e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (p<0,05) foi utilizado para verificação da correlação entre as medidas obtidas por ambas as técnicas. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas confiabilidades intra-examinador moderado e excelente para a fleximetria e moderada para a goniometria. As confiabilidades interexaminadores foram moderada e excelente para a fleximetria e pobre e moderada para a goniometria. Foi verificada correlação significativa e pobre entre todas as medidas de ADM cervical obtida pelas técnicas estudadas, exceto para o movimento de rotação à esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: A correlação pobre entre as mensurações de ADM cervical obtidas por fleximetria e goniometria demonstram que as técnicas não apresentam medidas intercambiáveis e, como a fleximetria apresentou maiores níveis de confiabilidade para avaliação da ADM cervical em crianças, seu uso é recomendado em relação à goniometria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intra and interrater reliability of fleximetry and goniometry in children and correlate the cervical spine range of motion (ROM) values obtained from these methods. METHODS: One hundred six children participated in this study: 49 males (8.91±2.09 years) and 57 females (9.14±1.46 years). Their ages ranged from six to 14 years and symptom-free to cervical dysfunction. Two previously trained raters and two assistants assessed neck ROM. The measurements were made using fleximetry and goniometry (interrater reliability) and repeated them one week later (intrarater reliability). All measurements were made three times by each rater and the mean value was used for statistical analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2.1 and 2.2) were used to investigate reliability and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p<0.05) was used to investigate the correlation between measurements obtained from the two techniques. RESULTS: Moderate and excellent levels for intrarater reliability were observed for fleximetry and moderate reliability for goniometry. The interrater reliability was moderate and excellent for fleximetry and poor and moderate for goniometry. Significantly poor correlation was found among all neck ROM measurements obtained using both techniques, except for rotation to the left. CONCLUSIONS: The poor correlation between neck ROM measurements obtained from fleximetry and goniometry demonstrated that these techniques do not present interchangeable measurements. Since fleximetry presented higher reliability levels for assessments of neck ROM among children, the use of fleximetry rather than goniometry is recommended.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de dietas com diferentes níveis (0,0; 20,0; 30,0 e 40,0%) de caroço de algodão integral (Gossypium hirsutum L.) na matéria seca da dieta sobre o desempenho, consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de ovinos Santa Inês. Vinte e quatro cordeiros inteiros com peso corporal médio inicial de 19,5 kg foram submetidos a um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro dietas e seis repetições. Os consumos de matéria seca, expressos em kg/dia, %PV e g/kg0,75, não foram influenciados pela inclusão do caroço de algodão integral (CAI), com médias de 1,195; 4,61 e 104,07, respectivamente. Os ganhos de peso total e diário decresceram, enquanto a conversão teve efeito linear crescente, mas entre os níveis de CAI o de 20% apresentou desempenho semelhante à dieta controle. Os consumos de matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos totais (CHT) e nutrientes digestíveis totais, expressos em g/dia, não foram afetados, enquanto os de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) e extrato etéreo (EE) tiveram efeito linear crescente com a adição do CAI. A inclusão do caroço de algodão na alimentação proporcionou efeito quadrático para os coeficientes de digestibilidade de PB e FDA e linear crescente para FDN e EE, porém não afetou os de MS, MO e CHT e o consumo de NDT. O CAI nos níveis utilizados não alterou o consumo e a digestibilidade de MS, FDN e NDT, mas reduziu o ganho de peso e a eficiência alimentar de ovinos em terminação.

This work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different levels (0.0 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0%) of whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the diet (% DM) on performance and nutrient digestibilities of feedlot Santa Inez sheep. Twenty-four sheep with average initial and final body weight of 19.0 and 32.2 kg, respectively, and allotted to a completely randomized design, with four diets and six replications. The dry matter intake in kg/day, %BW and g/kg0.75 was not influenced by the inclusion of the whole cottonseed (WCS), with averages of 1.195, 4.61, and 104.07, respectively. The total and daily weight gains decreased, while the feed conversion ration showed increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS, except for the level of 20% WCS that showed similar performance to the control diet. The intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in g/day were not affected, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) presented increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS. The inclusion of whole cottonseed in the feeding provided quadratic effect for digestible coefficients of CP, ADF and increasing linear effect for NDF and EE, however did not affect DM, OM, TC and TDN intake of the diets. The whole cottonseed in the used levels does not alter the intake and the digestibility of the DM, NDF and TND, but reduced the weight gain and feed conversion ratio of feedlot of the Santa Inez lambs, and could be included in termination diets.

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill), como fonte de forragem, sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e das características ruminais de carneiros. Cinco dietas isoproteícas foram formuladas, em que a palma forrageira substituiu 0, 14, 28, 42 e 56% do feno de capim elefante na dieta. Cinco ovinos machos não-castrados foram distribuídos em um delineamento em quadrado latino 5 x 5 (cinco períodos, cinco níveis de palma e cinco repetições). Cada período experimental teve duração de 13 dias - sete para adaptação e seis dias para coleta de dados e amostras. Os consumos de MS, MO, EE, PB, CT, CNF e NDT aumentaram linearmente com a substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. O consumo de água diminuiu linearmente e o de FDN apresentou efeito quadrático com a substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de EE, PB, CNF e FDN não foram influenciados, enquanto os de MS, MO e CT aumentaram linearmente com a substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. O pH e a concentração de NH3 ruminal decresceram linearmente com a substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. A substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta melhora a ingestão e o aproveitamento dos nutrientes.

A study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the effects of replacing elephant-grass by spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill) as a forage source on intake, apparent digestibility of the nutrients and of ruminal fermentation characteristics of sheep. Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated where spineless cactus replaced 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56% of elephantgrass in the diet. Five non-castrated male sheep were allotted to a 5 x 5 Latin square design (five periods, five spineless cactus levels and five replications). Each experimental period last 13 day - seven days for adaptation and 6 days for collection of data and samples. Intakes of DM, OM, EE, CP, TC, NFC, and TDN linearly increased as the elephantgrass was replaced by spineless cactus in the diet. Water intake linearly decreased and NDF intake showed a quadratic effect as the elephant grass was replaced by spineless cactus in the diet. The coefficient of apparent digestibilities of EE, CP, NFC and NDF were not affected by spineless cactus, while, apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and TC linearly increased as the elephantgrass was replaced by spineless cactus in the diet. Ruminal pH and N-NH3 concentration linearly decreased as the elephantgrass was replaced by spineless cactus in the diet The replacement of elephantgrass by spineless cactus in the diet improve the nutrient intake and nutrient utilization.