ABSTRACT A new species, Curcuma tuanii (Zingiberaceae), is described and illustrated from Hoa Binh Province northern Vietnam based on both the morphological and molecular data. The species is morphologically compared with its closest allies from subgenus Ecomata. Additionally, the anatomical structures of the species were provided.

ABSTRACTS Introduction: Milk and dairy products are nutritious and can play a significant role in a healthy diet. The safety of milk decreases with increasing concentration of arsenic. The Maximum Residue Limits of arsenic is 500 parts per billion (ppb). Objectives: To evaluate the status of arsenic contamination of milk and dairy products produced and processed in some provinces and cities of Vietnam. Methods: A total of 367 samples were tested. Samples were digested before analysis to remove organic compounds, and the total arsenic content determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The average concentrations of total arsenic in liquid milk were 139.32 ppb; in yogurt, 169.81 ppb; in cheese, 221.38 ppb; in milk cake, 232.80 ppb; and in milk powder, 35.43 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: The arsenic concentrations in some samples are higher than the maximum permitted levels according to national regulations.

RESUMEN Introducción: La leche y los productos lácteos son nutritivos y pueden desempeñar un papel importante en una dieta saludable. La seguridad de la leche disminuye con el aumento de la concentración de arsénico. Los límites máximos de residuos de arsénico son 500 ppb. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado de contaminación por arsénico de la leche y los productos lácteos producidos y procesados en algunas provincias y ciudades de Vietnam. Métodos: Se analizaron un total de 367 muestras. Las muestras se digirieron antes del análisis, para eliminar los compuestos orgánicos y se determinó el contenido total de arsénico mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: Las concentraciones promedio de arsénico total en la leche líquida fueron 139,32 ppb; en el yogur, 169,81 ppb; en el queso, 221,38 ppb; en el pastel de leche, 232,80 ppb; y en la leche en polvo, 35,43 ppb, respectivamente. Conclusión: Las concentraciones de arsénico en algunas muestras superan los niveles máximos permitidos según la normativa nacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue is one of the most important emerging diseases transmitted by mosquitoes; only one vaccine has been approved and licensed in 20 countries against DENV. This vaccine cannot be administered to children younger than 9 years, due to the increased risk of hospitalization observed in this age group. For this reason, the development of new vaccine candidates and/or immunization strategies continue to be a priority to the World Health Organization and the scientific community. Objectives: This work describes the results in prime-boost immunization schedules combining two different vaccine candidates: recombinant proteins and live attenuated vaccines. Firstly, we evaluated the capacity of Tetra DIIIC vaccine candidate to boost a memory immune response generated in DENV-immune monkeys and as a second study, we also evaluated in monkeys the combination of Tetra DIIIC with the LATV vaccine developed by NIAID and licensed to the Vietnamese company Vabiotech under the codename TV005. Methods: Macaca mulatta non-human primates were used in the studies. The tetravalent vaccine candidate Tetra DIIIC consists of recombinant proteins DIIIC-1-DIIIC4, corresponding to the four dengue virus serotypes, in adjuvant aluminum oxide. Tetravalent formulation of attenuated live viruses TV005 by Vabiotech included the virus strains DENV-1 Nauru/74 (WP), DENV-2 Tonga/74, DENV-3 Sleman/78, and DENV-4 Dominica/81. Results: Our results demonstrate that administration of Tetra DIIIC eight months after the infection was able to recall DENV specific memory B- and T-cell response. In addition, we demonstrate that animals primed with Tetra DIIIC (one or two doses) and later immunized with TV005 develop a neutralizing, protective antibody response against the four DENV serotypes, and that the immune response generated by Tetra DIIIC reduces LATV viremia significantly, which might reduce the reactogenicity that has afflicted the latter during clinical trials. Results described here highlight the possibility to combine our vaccine candidate Tetra DIIIC with live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine in a prime/boost strategy for immunizations. The present study supports the prime-boost strategies as alternative and promissory approaches solving the troubles associated with each individual antigen included in the combination.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dengue es una de las enfermedades más importantes trasmitida por mosquitos; sin embargo, solo existe una vacuna licenciada, la cual está registrada en 20 países. Sin embargo, la vacuna no podrá ser administrada en niños menores de nueve años de edad, dado el elevado riesgo de hospitalización observado en este grupo etario. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de nuevos candidatos vacunales y estrategias de inmunización continúan siendo una prioridad para la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la comunidad científica. Objetivos: el presente trabajo describe los resultados obtenidos de la combinación en esquemas complementarios de dos tipos de candidatos vacunales: las proteínas recombinantes y los virus vivos atenuados. En un primer acercamiento, el candidato vacunal tetravalente Tetra DIIIC se administró en primates no humanos previamente infectados con virus dengue. En un segundo estudio se evaluó la combinación de Tetra DIIIC y la formulación tetravalente de virus vivos atenuados por vía molecular TV005, desarrollada por el Instituto de Salud de los Estados Unidos y licenciada a la compañía vietnamita Vabiotech. Métodos: Se utilizaron en los estudios primates no humanos sanos de la especie Macaca mulatta. El candidato vacunal tetravalente Tetra DIIIC, consiste en las proteínas recombinantes DIIIC-1-DIIIC4, correspondientes a los cuatro serotipos del virus dengue, adyuvadas en alúmina. La formulación tetravalente de virus vivos atenuados TV005 por Vabiotech incluyó las cepas virales DENV-1 Nauru/74 (WP), DENV-2 Tonga/74, DENV-3 Sleman/78 y DENV-4 Dominica/81. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que la administración de Tetra DIIIC ocho meses después de la infección pudo activar la respuesta específica de las células B y T contra el DENV. Además, se demostró que los animales inoculados con Tetra DIIIC (una o dos dosis) y luego inmunizados con TV005 desarrollan una respuesta de anticuerpos protectora contra los cuatro serotipos del DENV y que la respuesta inmunológica generada por la Tetra DIIIC reduce la viremia LATV significativamente, lo cual pudiera reducir la reactogenicidad que ha afectado a este último durante los ensayos clínicos. Los resultados aquí descritos resaltan la posibilidad de combinar nuestro candidato vacunal Tetra DIIIC con la vacuna tetravalente del virus vivo atenuado en una estrategia reforzada de inmunización. El presente estudio respalda las estrategias reforzadas como alternativa y enfoques promisorios que solucionan los problemas asociados a cada antígeno individual incluido en la combinación.

Abstract: Novel biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and monitoring the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common cancers in Vietnam, are urgently required. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNA-141 (miR-141) is associated with NPC, owing to its ability to affect the expression of genes that modulate tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, research on miR-141 expression in Vietnamese patients is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate miR-141 expression and assess whether miR-141 might be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of NPC in Vietnamese patients. Total RNA isolated from 40 NPC biopsy samples and 37 non-cancerous samples was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The miR-141 expression levels were compared between NPC biopsy and non-cancerous samples. The frequency of miR-141 detection was 37.50% and 10.80% in the NPC and non-cancerous samples, respectively (p = 0.0143). The miR-141 expression was 5.27 times higher in tumor samples than non-cancerous samples. Additionally, the RR (Relative risk) and OR (Odds ratio) were 1.83 (95%CI = 1.2576–2.6675, p = 0.0016) and 4.95 (95%CI = 1.4625–16.7541, p = 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, miR-141 was up-regulated in the biopsy samples and thus may be a potential biomarker for NPC in the Vietnamese population.

Abstract This paper presents dynamic analysis of an eccentrically stiffened imperfect circular cylindrical shells made of functionally graded materials (FGM), subjected to axial compressive load and filled inside by elastic foundations in thermal environments by analytical method. Shells are reinforced by FGM stringers and rings taking into account thermal elements. The stability equations in terms of displacement components for stiffened shells are derived by using the third-order shear deformation theory and smeared stiffeners technique.The closed-form expressions for determining the natural frequency, nonlinear frequency-amplitude curve and nonlinear dynamic response are obtained by using Galerkin method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of stiffeners, foundations, imperfection, material and dimensional parameters pre-existent axial compressive and thermal load on dynamic responses of shells are considered.

Abstract Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) are two typical types of viruses that cause mosaic in soybean plants. Multiple viral infections at the same site can lead to 66% to 80% yield reduction. We have aimed to improve SMV and BYMV resistance in Vietnamese soybeans using gene transfer techniques under the mechanism of RNAi. In this study, we present newly generated transgenic tobacco plants carrying RNAi [CPi (SMV-BYMV)] resistance to the two types of viruses; 73.08% of transgenic tobacco lines proved to be fully resistant to SMV and BYMV. In addition, the number of virus copies in transgenic tobacco plants was reduced on average by more than 51% compared to the control plants (wild type). This promising result shows the potential of transerring the CPi (SMV-BYMV) structure in soybean to increase resistance of soybean to SMV and BYMV and advance the aims of antiviral soybean breeding in Vietnam.