ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion of red blood cells is recurrent in cardiac surgery despite the well-established deleterious effects. Identifying patients with higher chances of requiring blood transfusion is essential to apply strategic preventive measures to reduce such chances, considering the restricted availability of this product. The most used risk scores to predict blood transfusion are the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) and Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST). However, these scores were not validated for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRACK and TRUST scores in estimating the need for postoperative transfusion of red blood cell concentrates (TRBCC) after cardiac surgery. Methods: A clinical retrospective study was conducted using the database of a Brazilian reference service composed of patients operated between November 2019 and September 2021. Scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test assessed calibration of the scores. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All analyses considered a level of significance of 5%. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE 55577421.4.0000.5201). Results: This study assessed 498 patients. Only the TRACK score presented good calibration (P=0.238; TRUST P=0.034). AUC of TRACK was 0.678 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.73; P<0.001), showing a significant accuracy. Conclusion: Between the scores analyzed, only the TRACK score showed a good calibration, but low accuracy, to predict postoperative TRBCC after cardiac surgery.

Abstract Paper aims Housing is pivotal in advancing the quality of life. This study investigates the impact of economic complexity on the housing deficit within the Brazilian states. Originality Several studies have investigated the significance of social policies and economic growth as explanatory factors for housing deficits. Our study sheds light on the importance of economic structure in facilitating improved housing conditions for individuals. Research method The Fixed Effects Driscoll Kraay (FE-DK) econometric model was employed, utilizing panel data encompassing 27 Brazilian federative units spanning 2009 to 2017. Main findings The primary finding of this research elucidates the role of economic complexity as a determining factor that significantly impacts the housing deficit within Brazilian states. In other words, an enhanced economic structure contributes to improved housing conditions for the population and fosters a higher quality of life. Implications for theory and practice Theoretically, this paper posits the existence of a novel determinant that elucidates the housing and housing deficit theory. Moreover, the study makes a substantive contribution by advocating for public policies to facilitate housing conditions and enhance social well-being within a developing country. It underscores the pivotal significance of the productive structure in driving the economic development of the nation.

ABSTRACT Background: Managed Caatinga forests in Northeast Brazil are an important source of wood products, however, successful regeneration and regrowth is important to guarantee sustainability in these forests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration and forest regrowth ability of a Caatinga forest under varying clear-cut treatments, as well as to estimate the recovery time of stand parameters. Results: An experiment was set up in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil, comparing five clear-cut strip widths: 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 meters. Forest inventory data was gathered before and eight years after harvesting in 19 plots of 10 x 40 m. Tree seedling regeneration (individuals with circumference at breast height < 6 cm and minimum height of 0.5 m) was also monitored in 5 x 5 m sub plots, before harvesting, one, three and eight years after harvesting. Conclusions: No influence of the clear-cut strip width on regeneration and forest regrowth ability was detected, with all treatments presenting similar growth and tree species diversity and similarity values. The estimated growth rates of the clear-cut plots were of 0.12 m2·ha-1·year-1 and 0.39 m3·ha-1·year-1 for basal area and volume, respectively, resulting in recovery times of 35 and 49 years, longer than the 15 years cycles generally adopted in Caatinga forest management plans.

Aim Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) is class of material that can be used as sealant for preventing and arresting the progression of caries in pits and fissures. As these are hybrid materials, their properties can be affected by factors related to the polymerization process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different generations of LED curing units (Elipar DeepCure-L and VALO Grand) on Knoop microhardness values (KHN) of RMGI sealants (Clinpro XT and Vitremer). Methods Forty cylindrical specimens (6mm ø x 1 mm high) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and divided into four groups (n=10) according to the type of RMGI and LED used. The KHN of the top surface of each sample was calculated 7 days after light-curing. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results Vitremer had higher KHN values than Clinpro XT after using both LEDs (p<0.0001), but especially when light-cured with the use of VALO Grand (p<0.0001). Whereas the KHN value of Clinpro was not influenced by the LED device (p>0.05). Conclusions Top surface microhardness values of RGMI sealants were affected by both material composition and generations of LED curing units used. Third generation LED curing units seemed to be more efficient for the polymerization of RMGI-based sealants.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion of red blood cells is recurrent in cardiac surgery despite the well-established deleterious effects. Identifying patients with higher chances of requiring blood transfusion is essential to apply strategic preventive measures to reduce such chances, considering the restricted availability of this product. The most used risk scores to predict blood transfusion are the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) and Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST). However, these scores were not validated for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRACK and TRUST scores in estimating the need for postoperative transfusion of red blood cell concentrates (TRBCC) after cardiac surgery. Methods: A clinical retrospective study was conducted using the database of a Brazilian reference service composed of patients operated between November 2019 and September 2021. Scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test assessed calibration of the scores. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All analyses considered a level of significance of 5%. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE 55577421.4.0000.5201). Results: This study assessed 498 patients. Only the TRACK score presented good calibration (P=0.238; TRUST P=0.034). AUC of TRACK was 0.678 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.73; P<0.001), showing a significant accuracy. Conclusion: Between the scores analyzed, only the TRACK score showed a good calibration, but low accuracy, to predict postoperative TRBCC after cardiac surgery.

Resumo: Vários estudos argumentam que a mecanização agrícola reduziu o emprego e os salários. No entanto, faltam estudos que analisem o emprego e a renda ao longo do tempo, principalmente comparando as atividades agrícolas. O argumento apresentado por este artigo é que a mudança estrutural no emprego - de trabalhadores não qualificados para qualificados, deve ser entendida por causa da diminuição geral do número de empregos. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução do mercado de trabalho na lavoura canavieira e demais atividades agrícolas, de 1992 a 2015. Por meio da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD / IBGE), este artigo compara a cultura da cana-de-açúcar com outras lavouras brasileiras por meio de técnicas econométricas. Analisamos o procedimento e os modelos de Heckman com dados de painel de efeitos fixos, controlando as características não observáveis dos trabalhadores. Metodologicamente, nossas equações mostram convergência, uma vez que o procedimento de Heckman e a regressão combinada apresentam estimativas semelhantes. Note que a regressão de efeito fixo captura as mesmas tendências da técnica de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), usando o método de Heckman. Os principais resultados sugerem que o salário dos trabalhadores da cana-de-açúcar é maior do que o salário de outras safras, mesmo depois de controlar as características observáveis e regionais. Essa constatação é importante porque o setor sucroalcooleiro tem enfrentado críticas quanto ao baixo nível de emprego e renda devido ao processo de mecanização. Por fim, destacamos a diminuição do número de empregos não qualificados na cana-de-açúcar, o que exige intervenção de políticas para a melhora do capital humano no setor sucroalcooleiro.

Abstract: Several studies argue that agricultural mechanization has reduced employment and wages. However, there is a lack of studies analyzing employment and income over time, especially comparing the agricultural activities. Our major argument is the structural change in the employment - from un-skilled to skilled workers which has to be understood because of the overall decrease in the number of jobs. This study aims to analyze the labor market evolution in sugarcane farming and other agricultural activities, from 1992 to 2015. Using the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE), we compared sugarcane and other Brazilian crops using econometrics techniques. We analyzed the Heckman's procedure and models with fixed effects panel data, controlling the unobservable characteristics of workers. Methodologically, our equations show convergence, since the Heckman procedure and pooled regression present similar estimates. We showed that fixed-effect regression captures the same trends of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique, using the Heckman method. Our main findings suggest that the wage of sugarcane workers is higher than wages in other crops, even after we control the observable and regional characteristics. This finding is important because the sugarcane sector has faced criticism regarding the low level of employment and income due to the mechanization process. Finally, we pointed out the decrease in unskilled jobs in sugarcane, which demands for policy intervention to improve the human capital in the sugarcane sector.

Abstract Background: Right valve diseases are not benign, the tricuspid regurgitation has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality of patients. Objectives: This study aimed to report the short-term results of tricuspid annuloplasty using the De Vega technique modified by Manuel Antunes. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed to evaluate the results of the tricuspid valvuloplasty performed at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira between 2012 and 2017. Data were collected by reviewing charts and databases of the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery of the institution. Those with rheumatic diseases or infective endocarditis with tricuspid valve involvement, or reoperation of the tricuspid valve were excluded. Student's t-test and McNemar's were used for statistical analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 87 patients were studied, most of them were women (56.3%). The most associated heart valve diseases were mitral regurgitation (27.6%) and aortic regurgitation (20.7%). There was a significant decrease in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation in the postoperative period, with 83.3% of patients with none or mild regurgitation and only 1.1% with severe regurgitation (p = 0.0077). Conclusions: In the current study, tricuspid valve annuloplasty using the modified De Vega technique was shown to be effective in the short term. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term results.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é destacar padrões climáticos que exerçam influência na variabilidade interanual da produtividade de arroz no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Séries de produtividade de arroz de 47 municípios foram separadas em três grupos de acordo com sua produtividade (baixa, média e alta) baseado na análise de agrupamento. Correlações defasadas entre indicadores climáticos associados a padrões de teleconexão e a produtividade média de arroz de cada grupo evidenciaram a importância de cada índice para a variabilidade da produtividade da cultura no RS. Dentre os padrões de teleconexão, os que mais apresentaram correlações significativas e persistentes com a produtividade de arroz foram a Oscilação Quase Bianual (negativa), Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (negativa), componente atmosférica (positiva) e oceânica (negativa) do fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul, além de anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar no Oceano Atlântico, entre 20° S-30° S e 20° O-40° O, (correlação negativa). A influência de alguns dos indicadores climáticos apresentados neste estudo ainda não havia sido discutida do ponto de vista agrícola e os resultados apresentados podem fornecer informações cruciais na tomada de decisões e na previsão de safra de arroz no Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract The main of this work is to highlight climatic patterns that influence the interannual variability of rice yield in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Series of rice yield data from 47 municipalities were separated into three groups according to their yield (low, medium and high) based on clustering analysis. Lag correlations between climatic indicators associated with teleconnections patterns and mean rice yield of each group evidenced the importance of each index for variability of the yield in RS. The most significant and persistent correlations with rice yield were the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (negative), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (negative) an atmospheric (positive) and oceanic (negative) components of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. In addition, Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean, between 20° S-30° S and 20° O-40° W (negative correlation) have a significant correlation with the rice yield. The influence of some of the climate indices had not yet been discussed from the agricultural point of view. These results can be a crucial information in decision-making and rice yield forecast in Rio Grande do Sul.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar padrões de teleconexão que influenciem na variabilidade da produtividade de soja no Rio Grande do Sul de forma a encontrar potenciais variáveis preditoras da produtividade agrícola no Estado. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de soja de 87 municípios fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Estas séries foram reunidas em três grupos homogêneos de produtividade mediante análise de agrupamento. Correlações defasadas entre índices climáticos associados a padrões de teleconexão e a produtividade média da soja de cada um dos três grupos evidenciaram a importância de cada índice para a cultura no Rio Grande do Sul. Dentre os padrões de teleconexão, os que apresentaram correlações mais significativas, confiança superior a 90%, e persistentes com a produtividade de soja foram a Oscilação ártica (negativa entre outubro e dezembro), Oscilação do Atlântico Norte (negativa entre outubro e janeiro) e anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar no Oceano Atlântico, entre 20°S-30°S e 20°O-40°O, (positivas entre dezembro e março). Estes índices também apresentaram elevada correlação com a precipitação compreendida entre dezembro a março para cada grupo homogêneo evidenciando a importância do seu monitoramento para o planejamento da safra de soja no Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract The main of this work was to identify teleconnection patterns that influence soybean yield variability in Rio Grande do Sul in order to find potential predictors of agricultural yield in the State. Soybean yield data from 87 municipalities provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. These series were grouped into three homogeneous groups of yield by cluster analysis. Lag correlations between climatic indexes associated with teleconnection patterns and mean soybean yield of each of the three groups evidenced the importance of each index for the crop in Rio Grande do Sul. Among the teleconnection patterns, the ones that presented most significant correlations, confidence higher than 90%, and persistent with soybean yield were the Arctic Oscillation (negative between October and December), North Atlantic Oscillation (negative between October and January) and Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean, between 20°S-30°S and 20°O-40°W, (positive between December and March). These indices also showed a high correlation with the precipitation between December and March for each homogeneous group evidencing the importance of their monitoring for the planning of the soybean farming in Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract Paper aims to analyze the international flow of students - both from developed and underdeveloped countries - and to observe their significance for the productivity gains of the country of origin of these students. Originality The main contributions to the literature are the understanding of how student flows affect countries' economic growth, as well as to verify the systematic differences between the contribution of international student flows to economic growth between developed and underdeveloped countries. Research method This empirical study performed using a data set of 87 countries, during 2001-2012 yields results that are in accordance with previous literature, supporting the hypothesis of international student flows as a significant channel of R&D spillovers from developed countries. The paper used econometric models already tested by previous studies. Main findings The results show that BRICS countries may benefit more than other countries from such internationalization initiatives. Implications for theory and practice The mobility of international students is currently an important political issue in the world. These formal or informal links between agents from diverse countries result in an exchange of ideas, experiences and knowledge potentially generating new business opportunities for developing economies.

Resumo O crescimento econômico não é o único fator que explica o desenvolvimento humano. Nesse aspecto, índices sobre a qualidade de vida têm sido recorrentes na literatura. Entretanto, esses índices não analisam como a complexidade econômica é convertida em desenvolvimento humano. O objetivo deste artigo é mensurar a eficiência de países latino-americanos e asiáticos na conversão de complexidade econômica em desenvolvimento humano, entre 2010 e 2014. O método utilizado foi o Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), por meio do Modelo de Retornos Variáveis à Escala (BCC) e Análise de Janela. Os resultados demonstraram que, em 2014, todos os países asiáticos foram eficientes, exceto China e Filipinas. Nesse ano, Cuba foi o país que mais serviu de benchmark para os países ineficientes. A análise em janela demonstrou que apenas Japão, Coréia do Sul e Singapura se mantiveram eficientes ao longo do tempo. Esse resultado confirma a hipótese inicial deste artigo: economias mais complexas são mais eficientes na geração de desenvolvimento humano.

Abstract Economic growth is not the only factor to explain human development. Therefore, many authors have prioritized studies to measure the Human Development Index. However, these indexes do not analyze how Economic Complexity can increase Human Development. This paper aimed to determine how efficiently nations from Latin America and Asia measure a country’s performance in converting Economic Complexity into Human Development, between 2010 and 2014. We used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), through the Variable Returns of Scale (VRS) Model and Window Analysis. Results showed that in 2014, all Asian countries, except China and the Philippines, were efficient; on the other hand Cuba was the benchmark for inefficient countries. Window Analysis showed Japan, South Korea and Singapore were efficient over time. This result confirms the initial hypothesis of this article: the more complex countries are the more efficiently they create Human Development.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different ethanol concentrations on dentin roughness, surface free energy, and contact angle between AH Plus and the root canal dentin. One hundred human maxillary anterior teeth were split longitudinally and 200 dentin specimens were polished to make the surface flatter and smoother. An acrylic bar was positioned between two dentin specimens and impression material was added to create a block, simulating an instrumented root canal space. Specimens were removed from the mold and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. Thereafter, dentin specimens were divided into four groups (n = 50) according to the drying methods used: a) wet: vacuum only, b) paper points: vacuum + absorbent paper points, c) 70% alcohol: 70% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points, and d) 100% alcohol: 100% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points. A rugosimeter and a goniometer were used to verify the roughness (Ra) and to measure the surface free energy and the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The 70% and 100% ethanol groups showed significantly decreased roughness as well as increased surface free energy in the root canal dentin when compared to the wet and paper point groups. In addition, ethanol significantly reduced the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. Ethanol solutions (70% and 100%) provide better wettability of AH Plus sealer on dentin surfaces.

Abstract Paper aims to measure the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Absorptive Capacity (AC) on productivity in Brazil. Originality no articles were found using the AC as moderator of FDI in Brazil. Research method the Malmquist Index was employed and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model was chosen, which has greater robustness for correcting the heterocedasticity and autocorrelation. Main findings productivity is more impacted by FDI than Economic Complexity. There is a two-year time lag to the impact of the FDI on productivity. The interaction between FDI and AC becomes positive only when experience and schooling are controlled. The number of PhD employees was better as proxy for AC than R&D workers. Implications for theory and practice there was no positive relationship between productivity and the number of higher education professionals.

RESUMO Racional: A atividade física influencia na qualidade de vida e imagem corporal dos obesos. A possibilidade de mudança nos hábitos de vida é ferramenta para melhoria desta condição. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de atividade física dos pacientes e sua relação com a qualidade de vida e imagem corporal, quando incentivado semanalmente por profissional de educação física. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, intervencional do tipo longitudinal com abordagem quantitativa. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, controle (n=28) e intervencional (n=10). Ambos receberam recomendações relacionadas a atividade física, apoio psicológico e recomendações nutricionais. Foi utilizado os questionários SF36 e o questionário Body Shape para mensurar essas variáveis e no grupo intervencional a utilização de um pedômetro. O estudo durou 12 semanas. Resultados: Através do SF-36 foi observada diferença no nível de atividade física entre o grupo experimental após os três meses. Houve diferença significativa nos domínios AF (atividade física, p=0,019), dor (p=0,0001) e estado geral de saúde (p=0,021). Não existiu diferença significante no peso corporal (p=0,095). Conclusão: Quando assistido por profissional de educação física, o paciente obeso muda os hábitos, melhora na qualidade de vida e sente menos dor; o aumento no nível de atividade física, quando bem estruturado, pode trazer benefícios ao seus praticantes.

ABSTRACT Background: Physical activity enhances quality of life and body image in obese. Behavioural changes are useful tools to increase life conditions of this population. Aim: To evaluate the physical activity level of candidates to bariatric surgery and its relation with quality of life and body image, when patients are encouraged weekly by personal trainers. ) Method: This is a prospective, interventional and longitudinal study with quantitative analysis. Patients were divided into two groups, control (n=28) and interventional (n= 10). Both groups received physical activity and nutritional recommendations and psychological support. Were used the SF36 and Body Shape questionnaires to assess physical activity level and body image and pedometers to count weekly steps. Patients were followed during 12 weeks. ) Results: Were found significant difference in the domains physical activity (p=0.019), pain (p=0.0001) and health general status (p=0.021). No significant difference in body weight (p=0.095) was noted. Conclusion: When assisted by personal trainers, obese patients can change behavior, increase health quality and physical activity levels and experience less pain. Increase in physical activity, when well structured can benefit these patients.

Abstract Embolization by a dislodged projectile is a rare complication that may occur in cases of gunshot cardiac injuries. We report a case of a firearm projectile cardiac injury that evolved, with dislocation of the projectile during cardiac surgery, into embolization of the right external carotid artery.