Pesquisa | SciELO

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as temperaturas basais, as necessidades térmicas e a duração dos principais estádios fenológicos reprodutivos do açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea) no Nordeste do estado do Pará, na Amazônia Oriental, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado de 2017 a 2019, em plantio de açaizeiro de 10 ha, tendo-se utilizado análise de série temporal. A fenologia das plantas foi monitorada semanalmente, e as condições meteorológicas dos locais foram monitoradas diariamente. As temperaturas basais inferiores e superiores foram de 12,92 e 32,46°C, respectivamente, na prefloração; 13,50 e 32,23°C na floração; 12,14 e 32,55°C no estádio de frutos verdes; 11,64 e 32,78°C no estádio de mudança de cor dos frutos; e 11,23 e 32,94°C na maturação. A exigência térmica e a duração média para o ponto ideal de colheita do açaí foram de 3.893,15 graus-dias e 283 dias, respectivamente. A exigência térmica e a duração dos estádios da fase reprodutiva do açaizeiro são influenciadas pelo período do ano e pela variabilidade da temperatura do ar, que, quando elevada, reduz o ciclo da cultura, e, quando amena, o estende.

Abstract The objective of this work was to deter mine the base temperatures, thermal time requirements, and length of the main reproductive growth stages of acai palm (Euterpe oleracea) in the northeast of the state of Pará, in eastern Amazon, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from 2017 to 2019 in a 10 ha acai plantation, using the time-series analysis. Plant phenology was monitored weekly, and local weather conditions were monitored daily. The lower and upper base temperatures were of 12.92 and 32.46°C, respectively, for pre-flowering; 13.50 and 32.23°C for flowering; 12.14 and 32.55°C for green fruit stage; 11.64 and 32.78°C for fruit color-changing stage; and 11.23 and 32.94°C for maturation. The thermal time requirement and the average cycle length for the ideal harvest time of acai palm were 3,893.15 degree-days and 283 days, respectively. The thermal time requirement and the duration of the reproductive growth stage for acai palm are influenced by the period of the year and the variability of air temperature, which, when high, reduces the cycle of the crop, and when mild, increases it.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2022.v57.01667

Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records
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Rafael, José Albertino

; Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco

; Hutchings, Roger William

; Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves

; Silva Neto, Alberto Moreira da

; Somavilla, Alexandre

; Camargo, Alexssandro

; Asenjo, Angélico

; Pinto, Ângelo Parise

; Bello, Ayr de Moura

; Dalmorra, Camila

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de

; Takiya, Daniela Maeda

; Parizotto, Daniele Regina

; Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida

; Cavalheiro, Denis de Oliveira

; Mendes, Diego Matheus de Mello

; Zeppelini, Douglas

; Carneiro, Eduardo

; Lima, Élison Fabrício Bezerra

; Lima, Estevam Cipriano Araújo de

; Godoi, Fabio Siqueira Pitaluga de

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Zagury

; Sosa-Duque, Francisco José

; Flores, Heloísa Fernandes

; Fernandes, Itanna Oliveira

; Silva-Júnior, José Osvaldo

; Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira

; Monné, Marcela Laura

; Castro, Marcelo Cutrim Moreira de

; Silva, Marcelo Peixoto Gomes da

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Gottschalk, Marco Silva

; Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota

; Monné, Miguel Angel

; Rafael, Miriam Silva

; Casagrande, Mirna Martins

; Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik

; Grossi, Paschoal Coelho

; Pinto, Paula Jéssica Costa

; Bartholomay, Pedro Reck

; Sobral, Rafael

; Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino

; Machado, Renato José Pires

; Corrêa, Robson Crepes

; Hutchings, Rosa Sá Gomes

; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly

; Santos, Sandra Duque dos

; Lima, Sheila Pereira de

; Mahlmann, Thiago

; Silva, Vera Cristina

; Fernandes, Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2020, Volume 64 Nº 3 elocation e20200052

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0052 2462 downloads

Assessment of the toxicogenic effects and cell death potential of the ester (Z)-methyl 4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)-4-oxobut-2-anoate in combination with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin
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Juliano Oliveira, Rodrigo

; Pereira, Fabrícia Paniago Ajala Nery

; Silveira, Ingridhy Ostaciana Maia Freitas da

; Lima, Ricardo Vieira de

; Berno, Claudia Rodrigues

; Pesarini, João Renato

; Antoniolli-Silva, Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado

; Monreal, Antônio Carlos Duenhas

; Adilson, Beatriz

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Gomes, Roberto da Silva

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Jun 2019, Volume 42 Nº 2 Páginas 399 - 410

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Despite rapid advances in both the early detection and treatment of cancer, the mortality from this disease remains high, which justifies the development of new products that are more selective and effective and have fewer side effects. Accordingly, a novel ester was synthesized that contains two pharmacophores with important biological activities: (I) 4-aminoantipyrine, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and (II) the pharmacophore 1,4-dioxo-butenyl, which has cytotoxic activity. When administered alone, this compound is non-genotoxic, and it does not cause an increasing in splenic phagocytosis. Nevertheless, it can induce cell death. When administered in combination with commercial chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide, the ester shows antigenotoxic activity and decreases phagocytosis and reduces the potential to cause cell death. These results indicate that the compound should not be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that exert their effect through DNA damage, an important feature of antitumor drugs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0279 735 downloads

Assessment of genetic integrity, splenic phagocytosis and cell death potential of (Z)-4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid and its effect when combined with commercial chemotherapeutics
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Oliveira, Rodrigo Juliano

; da Cruz Leite Santos, Naiara

; Pesarini, João Renato

; de Oliveira, Beatriz Carneiro

; Berno, Claudia Rodrigues

; de Araújo, Flávio Henrique Souza

; da Silveira, Ingridhy Ostaciana Maia Freitas

; Nascimento, Raquel Oliveira

; Brochado Antoniolli-Silva, Andréia Conceição Milan

; Duenhas Monreal, Antônio Carlos

; Beatriz, Adilson

; de Lima, Dênis Pires

; da Silva Gomes, Roberto

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Mar 2018, Volume 41 Nº 1 Páginas 154 - 166

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The increased incidence of cancer and its high treatment costs have encouraged the search for new compounds to be used in adjuvant therapies for this disease. This study discloses the synthesis of (Z)-4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (IR-01) and evaluates not only the action of this compound on genetic integrity, increase in splenic phagocytosis and induction of cell death but also its effects in combination with the commercial chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. IR-01 was designed and synthesized based on two multifunctionalyzed structural fragments: 4-aminoantipyrine, an active dipyrone metabolite, described as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent; and the pharmacophore fragment 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl, a cytotoxic agent. The results indicated that IR-01 is an effective chemoprotector because it can prevent clastogenic and/or aneugenic damage, has good potential to prevent genomic damage, can increase splenic phagocytosis and lymphocyte frequency and induces cell death. However, its use as an adjuvant in combination with chemotherapy is discouraged since IR-01 interferes in the effectiveness of the tested chemotherapeutic agents. This is a pioneer study as it demonstrates the chemopreventive effects of IR-01, which may be associated with the higher antioxidant activity of the precursor structure of 4-aminoantipyrine over the effects of the 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl fragment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0091 1485 downloads

In vivo chemotherapeutic insight of a novel isocoumarin (3-hexyl-5,7-dimethoxy-isochromen-1-one): Genotoxicity, cell death induction, leukometry and phagocytic evaluation
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Araújo, Flávio Henrique Souza de

; Figueiredo, Débora Rojas de

; Auharek, Sarah Alves

; Pesarini, João Renato

; Meza, Alisson

; Gomes, Roberto da Silva

; Monreal, Antônio Carlos Duenhas

; Antoniolli-Silva, Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Kassuya, Candida Aparecida Leite

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Oliveira, Rodrigo Juliano

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Set 2017, Volume 40 Nº 3 Páginas 665 - 675

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the development of new chemotherapy drugs is an important aspect of medicinal chemistry. Chemotherapeutic agents include isocoumarins, which are privileged structures with potential antitumoral activity. Herein, a new 3-substituted isocoumarin was synthesized from 2-iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid and oct-1-yne in a cross-coupling Sonogashira reaction followed by a copper iodide-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization as key step using MeOH/Et3N as the solvent system. The present study also evaluated the leukometry, phagocytic activity, genotoxic potential and cell death induction of three different doses (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) of this newly synthesized isocoumarin, alone and in combination with the commercial chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) and cisplatin (6 mg/kg) in male Swiss mice. The results suggest that the isocoumarin has genotoxicity and causes cell death. Noteworthy, this new compound can increase splenic phagocytosis and lymphocyte frequency, which are related to immunomodulatory activity. When combined with either cyclophosphamide or cisplatin, chemopreventive activity led to a reduction in the effects of both chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, the new isocoumarin is not a candidate for chemotherapeutic adjuvant in treatments using cyclophosphamide or cisplatin. Nevertheless, the compound itself is an important prototype for the development of new antitumor drugs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0316 1617 downloads

Cardanol: toxicogenetic assessment and its effects when combined with cyclophosphamide
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Schneider, Beatriz Ursinos Catelan

; Meza, Alisson

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Pesarini, João Renato

; Carvalho, Pamela Castilho de

; Mauro, Mariana de Oliveira

; Karaziack, Caroline Bilhar

; Cunha-Laura, Andréa Luiza

; Monreal, Antônio Carlos Duenhas

; Matuo, Renata

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Oliveira, Rodrigo Juliano

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Jun 2016, Volume 39 Nº 2 Páginas 279 - 289

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Cardanol is an effective antioxidant and is a compound with antimutagenic and antitumoral activity. Here, we evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of saturated side chain cardanol and its effects in combination with cyclophosphamide in preventing DNA damage, apoptosis, and immunomodulation. Swiss mice were treated with cardanol (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg). The results showed that cardanol is an effective chemopreventive compound, with damage reduction percentages that ranged from 18.9 to 31.76% in the comet assay and from 45 to 97% in the micronucleus assay. Moreover, cardanol has the ability to reduce the frequency of apoptosis induced by cyclophosphamide. The compound did not show immunomodulatory activity. A final interpretation of the data showed that, despite its chemoprotective capacity, cardanol has a tendency to induce DNA damage. Hence, caution is needed if this compound is used as a chemopreventive agent. Also, this compound is likely not suitable as an adjuvant in chemotherapy treatments that use cyclophosphamide.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0170 3271 downloads

Chemical identification of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae) essential oil and its acaricidal effect on ticks
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Garcia, Marcos Valério

; Matias, Jaqueline

; Barros, Jacqueline Cavalcante

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Lopes, Rosângela da Silva

; Andreotti, Renato

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Dez 2012, Volume 21 Nº 4 Páginas 405 - 411

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O controle de carrapatos que causa impacto na produção de bovinos possui importância econômica para a cadeia produtiva. Neste trabalho objetivou-se testar a atividade acaricida do óleo essencial das folhas e caules de Tagetes minuta contra várias espécies de carrapatos brasileiros, incluindo Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense e Argas miniatus. A composição química do óleo foi determinada por GC-MS e análises de espectroscopia de RMN, que revelaram a presença de monoterpenos. Na avaliação destas substâncias no controle do carrapato foram empregados os testes de imersão de adulto (TIA) e o de pacote de larvas (TPL) para o extrato de óleo de T. minuta nas concentrações de 2,5%; 5%; 10%; 20% e 40%. Os resultados do TPL e TIA demonstraram que o óleo essencial na concentração de 20% de T. minuta apresenta eficácia superior a 95% nas quatro espécies de carrapato. Estes resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de T. minuta pode ser usado como um acaricida eficaz e com baixo impacto ambiental.

The control of tick species that affect animal production is vital for the economic welfare of the cattle industry. This study focused on testing the acaricidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves and stems of Tagetes minuta against several Brazilian tick species, including Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense and Argas miniatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by chromatography and spectroscopy analyses, which revealed the presence of monoterpenes. The adult immersion test (AIT) and the larval packet test (LPT) were used to evaluate the efficacy of T. minuta essential oil in tick management at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40%. The results demonstrated that the T. minuta essential oil had over 95% efficacy against four species of ticks at a concentration of 20%. These results suggest that the essential oil of T. minuta could be used as an environmentally friendly acaricide.

5115 downloads Citado 4 vezes em SciELO

Synthesis and biological evaluation of biaryl analogs of antitubulin compounds
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Tozatti, Camila Santos Suniga

; Khodyuk, Rejane Gonçalves Diniz

; Silva, Adriano Olimpio da

; Santos, Edson dos Anjos dos

; Amaral, Marcos Serrou do

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Hamel, Ernest

Química Nova

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2012, Volume 35 Nº 9 Páginas 1758 - 1762

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This paper reports the synthesis of methanones and esters bearing different substitution patterns as spacer groups between aromatic rings. This series of compounds can be considered phenstatin analogs. Two of the newly synthesized compounds, 5a and 5c, strongly inhibited tubulin polymerization and the binding of [³H] colchicine to tubulin, suggesting that, akin to phenstatin and combretastatin A-4, they can bind to tubulin at the colchicine site.

2544 downloads

Chemical modifications of a natural xanthone and antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines
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Micheletti, Ana Camila

; Honda, Neli Kika

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Sant'ana, Maria Rita

; Carvalho, Nadia Cristina Pereira

; Matos, Maria de Fatima Cepa

; Queiróz, Lyara Meira Marinho

; Bogo, Danielle

; Zorzatto, José Roberto

Química Nova

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2011, Volume 34 Nº 6 Páginas 1014 - 1020

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

A series of 15 ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones containing methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butylamino and piperidinyl moieties were synthesized from a natural xanthone isolated from a lichen species. These compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and cytotoxicity against a number of human tumor cell lines was too evaluated. The newly synthesized derivatives revealed selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and the most promising results are for a multidrug resistant strain, for which six of these compounds showed good activity (MICs 4 µg/mL). Many derivatives inhibited tumor cells growth and most compounds were active on multiple lines.

3183 downloads

10.

Glicerol: um breve histórico e aplicação em sínteses estereosseletivas
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Beatriz, Adilson

; Araújo, Yara J. K.

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

Química Nova

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2011, Volume 34 Nº 2 Páginas 306 - 319

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Presently glycerol is considered a co-product of biodiesel industry. As the biodiesel production is exponentially increasing, glycerol generated from the transesterification of vegetable oils and fats is also being produced on a large scale, and turned out to be essential seeking for novel alternatives to the consumption of the extra volume, in crude and/or as derivatives high added value. This review mainly deals with chemical and enzymatic transformations of glycerol to obtain chiral building blocks for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural products.

38926 downloads

11.

Biotransformation of a cage-like diels-alder adduct and derivatives by Mucor ramosissimus samutsevitsch
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Ito, Felicia Megumi

; Mena, Ana Elisa Maciel

; Marques, Maria Rita

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Beatriz, Adilson

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Set 2009, Volume 40 Nº 3 Páginas 563 - 568

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho avaliou-se a capacidade de biotransformação do aduto de Diels-Alder triciclo[6.2.1.0(2-7)]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-diona (1) e dois derivados sintéticos pelo fungo sapróbio Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch. Produtos de oxidação, isomerização e redução regiosseletiva e enantiosseletiva foram obtidos.

The present study aimed to evaluate the ability for biotransformation of the Diels-Alder adduct tricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,7)]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione (1) and two synthetic derivatives by the saprobe fungus Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch. Products from oxidation, isomerization and, regioselective and enantioselective reduction were achieved.

2068 downloads

12.

Synthesis of resorcinolic lipids bearing structural similarities to cytosporone A
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Santos, Edson dos Anjos dos

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Marques, Maria Rita

; Leite, Carla Braga

Química Nova

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2009, Volume 32 Nº 7 Páginas 1856 - 1859

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Inspired by the structure and biological activities of resorcinolic lipids and, particularly cytosporone A- a potent inhibitor of plantule germination and growth, we have performed the synthesis of the analogs 3-heptyl-3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one (1) and 3-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one (2). The intermediates and products were submitted to allelopathic test using Lactuca sativa L. seeds. Target compound 1 showed an inhibitory effect on germination and growth of hypocotyl and radicle in milimolar range.

2473 downloads

13.

Constituintes químicos de Parmotrema lichexanthonicum Eliasaro & Adler: isolamento, modificações estruturais e avaliação das atividades antibiótica e citotóxica
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Micheletti, Ana C.

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Honda, Neli K.

; Pessoa, Cláudia do Ó

; Moraes, Manoel Odorico de

; Lotufo, Letícia Veras

; Magalhães, Hemerson Iury Ferreira

; Carvalho, Nádia C. P.

Química Nova

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2009, Volume 32 Nº 1 Páginas 12 - 20

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

From the lichen Parmotrema lichexantonicum were isolated the depsidone salazinic acid, the xanthone lichexanthone, and the depside atranorin. The two major compounds, salazinic acid and lichexanthone, were selected for structure modifications. Salazinic acid afforded O-alkyl salazinic acids, some of them potentially cytotoxic against tumor cell lines (HCT-8, SF-295 and MDA/ MB - 435). From lichexanthone were obtained norlichexanthone, 3-O-methylnorlichexanthone, 3-O-methyl-6-O-prenylnorlichexanthone, 3,6-di-O-prenyl-norlichexanthone, 3,6-bis[(3,3-dimethyloxyran-2-il)methoxy]-1-hydroxy-8-methyl-9H-xanten-9-one and 3,6-bis[3-(dimethylamine)propoxy]-1-hydroxy-8-methyl-9H-xanten-9-one. The last compound was the most active against S. aureus.

2931 downloads

14.

Synthesis of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: an important class of antihypertensive drugs
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Lima, Dênis Pires de

Química Nova

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Jun 1999, Volume 22 Nº 3 Páginas 375 - 381

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This report outlines the discovery, the design and development of new compounds, and, structure-activity relationships for this drug category. Updated approaches to planned syntheses of new worthy ACE-inhibitors are also exploited.

16639 downloads

15.

Transformações químicas do (+)-10b,14-diol-allo-aromadendrano, isolado de duguetia glabriuscula r. e. fries (r. e. fries) (annonaceae) e avaliações biológicas de alguns derivados obtidos
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Lima, Dênis Pires de

; Beatriz, Adilson

; Ramos, Alexandre Ayoroa

; Siqueira, João Máximo de

; Oliveira, Celso Corrêa de

; Marques, Maria Rita

Química Nova

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Dez 1997, Volume 20 Nº 6 Páginas 616 - 620

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The sesquiterpene (+)-allo-aromadendrane-10b-14-diol 1 was the lead compound to the preparation of several derivatives in order to test their biological activity against A. salina, C. sphaerospermum, E. coli and S. aureus. In this way the monoalcohols (+)-viridiflorol 4, 9 and 11 were synthesized from 1 together with the acetal 6, the ketal 7, and the ketone 8. The oxirane 3 and nitrile 5 were also prepared using as an intermediate the tosylate derivative 2.

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