ABSTRACT: Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances has become a public health problem, having great consequences on the health, economy, academic performance, family, and social coexistence of the consumer. Objective: To determine the risk factors influencing the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Research with quantitative correlational, cross-sectional descriptive type, with a sample of 272 university students of a University of Barranquilla of the Nursing program of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth semesters. The instrument used was a virtual survey divided into five sections, comprising identification and sociodemographic data, individual, sociocultural, family, and psychological factors. Results: In the statistical analysis, the predominant sex was female with 69%, and 74% of them aged 17-20 years. Seventy-nine percent stated that they had consumed psychoactive substances, and 58% indicated that the type of psychoactive substance they had consumed for the first time was alcohol. Discussion: In contrast to a study conducted by Fernández et al, in 2021, it was found that the frequency of consumption of psychoactive substances in the students of the Simón Bolívar University was higher with a percentage of 74%, on the other hand the study in question only 41.8% consumed some type of psychoactive substance (alcohol, tobacco, etc.).Through the research carried out, it was possible to evaluate each of the factors that significantly influence the consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account each of the variables evaluated (sociodemographic, consumption, individual, family, psychological, sociocultural) in times of COVID-19.

RESUMEN: Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, teniendo grandes consecuencias en la salud, economía, rendimiento académico, la convivencia familiar y social del individuo consumidor. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 272 estudiantes universitarios de una Universidad de Barranquilla del programa de Enfermería de cuarto, quinto, sexto, séptimo y octavo semestre. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta virtual estuvo dividida en 5 secciones, que comprenden la parte de datos de identificación y sociodemograficos, factores individuales, socioculturales, familiares y psicologicos. Resultados: Realizando el análisis estadístico, predominó el sexo femenino con 69%, y las edades 17-20 años con 74%. El 79% afirmaban que sí habían consumido sustancias psicoactivas y 58% indicaban que el tipo de sustancia psicoactiva que habían consumido por primera vez era el alcohol. Discusión: En contraste con un estudio realizado por Fernández et al, en el 2021, se encontró que la frecuencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes de la Universidad Simon Bolivar es mayor, con un porcentaje del 74%, por otro lado, el estudio en mención solo el 41.8% consume algun tipo de sustancia psicoactiva (alchohol, tabaco, etc). A través de la investigación realizada permitió evaluar cada uno de los factores que influyen de manera significativa en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas teniendo en cuenta cada una de las variables evaluadas (sociodemográficas, de consumo, individuales, familiares, psicológicas, socioculturales) en tiempos de Covid 19.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar correlações entre a covid-19, características demográficas e socioeconômicas e capacidade dos sistemas de saúde latino-americanos para resposta a emergências sanitárias. Método. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico, utilizando dados secundários de 20 países latino-americanos relativos a incidência, mortalidade, testagem e cobertura vacinal para covid-19 no período de 2020 a 2021, assim como informações demográficas e socioeconômicas. A preparação dos países para responder a emergências sanitárias foi explorada a partir do Relatório Anual de Autoavaliação dos Estados Partes da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 2019 sobre a implementação do Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (RSI). Realizaramse análises estatísticas por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman (rho). Resultados. Observou-se correlação positiva alta do produto interno bruto per capita e do índice de desenvolvimento humano com incidência de covid-19, testagem e cobertura vacinal; e entre proporção da população idosa e cobertura vacinal. Não foram identificadas correlações entre os indicadores da covid-19 e as capacidades prévias de implementação do RSI. Conclusões. A ausência de correlação entre indicadores relativos à covid-19 e a capacidade de implementação do RSI pode estar relacionada a limites dos indicadores utilizados ou da ferramenta de acompanhamento do RSI como instrumento indutor da preparação dos países para enfrentamento de emergências sanitárias. Os resultados sugerem a importância de condicionantes estruturais e a necessidade de estudos longitudinais, comparativos e qualitativos para compreender os fatores que influenciaram a resposta dos países à covid-19.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar las posibles correlaciones entre la COVID-19, las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, y la capacidad de los sistemas de salud latinoamericanos para responder a emergencias de salud. Método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos secundarios de 20 países latinoamericanos sobre la incidencia, la mortalidad, las pruebas y la cobertura de vacunación relativas a la COVID-19 en el período 2020-2021, y con información demográfica y socioeconómica. Se exploró la preparación de los países para responder a emergencias de salud a partir del Informe Anual de Autoevaluación de los Estados Miembros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2019 sobre la implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con la prueba de correlación (ro) de Spearman. Resultados. Se observó una alta correlación positiva del producto interno bruto per cápita y del índice de desarrollo humano con la incidencia, las pruebas y la cobertura de vacunación respecto a la COVID-19, así como de la proporción de personas mayores en la población con la cobertura de vacunación. No se observó ninguna correlación entre los indicadores de COVID-19 y la capacidad previa de implementación del RSI. Conclusiones. La falta de correlación entre los indicadores relativos a la COVID-19 y la capacidad de implementación del RSI puede deberse a limitaciones de los indicadores utilizados o del mecanismo de seguimiento del RSI como instrumento inductor de la preparación de los países para enfrentar emergencias de salud. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de los factores condicionantes estructurales y la necesidad de realizar estudios longitudinales, comparativos y cualitativos para determinar los factores que influyeron en la respuesta de los países a la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify correlations between COVID-19, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and the capacity of Latin American health systems to respond to health emergencies. Method. An ecological study was performed using secondary data from 20 Latin American countries regarding incidence, mortality, testing and vaccination coverage for covid-19 from 2020 to 2021 as well as demographic and socioeconomic indicators. The preparedness of countries to respond to health emergencies was explored based on the 2019 State Party Self-Assessment Annual Report on the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR). Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman correlation test (rho). Results. A high positive correlation was noted between gross domestic product per capita and the human development index with the incidence of COVID-19, testing, and vaccination coverage; and between the proportion of elderly population and vaccination coverage. No correlations were identified between the covid-19 indicators and previous IHR implementation capacities. Conclusions. The lack of correlation between indicators related to COVID-19 and the ability to implement the IHR may reflect limitations of the indicators used or of the IHR monitoring tool as an instrument that induces the preparedness of countries to face health emergencies. The results suggest the importance of structural conditioning factors and the need for longitudinal, comparative, and qualitative studies to understand the factors that influenced the response of countries to COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: to map diverse evidence on perspectives and challenges for implementing the Expert Patient Program. Method: this is a scoping review, guided by the method proposed by the JBI and which followed the recommendations set forth in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, with its research protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, with DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. The search for studies was carried out in July 2022 in databases and in national and international portals of theses and dissertations. Results: the final sample consisted of six scientific articles, all written in English. Health professionals' qualification, to identify and qualify expert patients, management's commitment to the program, use of mobile technologies and Evidence-Based Practice are among the perspectives for implementation. The challenges are related to lack of understanding of the term "self-management" and to the deficit of public policies and financial investment. Conclusion: the results found emphasize the importance of implementing the Patient Expert Program for the public health context, mainly in relation to the population with chronic non-communicable diseases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear diversa evidencia sobre las perspectivas y los desafíos para la implementación del Programa “Paciente Experto”. Método: revisión de alcance, orientada a partir del método propuesto por el JBI y en la que se siguieron las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, con registro del protocolo de investigación en Open Science Framework (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A). La búsqueda de estudio se realizó en julio de 2022, tanto en las bases de datos como en portales de tesis y disertaciones nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: la muestra final estuvo compuesta por seis artículos científicos, todos redactados en inglés. Entre las perspectivas para la implementación se incluyen las siguientes: calificación de los profesionales de la salud, para identificar y calificar pacientes expertos; compromiso de la gerencia con el programa; uso de las tecnologías móviles y Práctica Basada en Evidencia. Por el otro lado, los desafíos están relacionados con no comprender el término "autogestión" y con el déficit de políticas públicas e inversiones financieras. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados enfatizan la importancia de implementar el Programa “Paciente Experto” para el contexto de la salud pública, principalmente en relación con la población que padece enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear evidências sobre as perspectivas e desafios para implementação do Programa Paciente Experto. Método: Trata-se de uma scoping review, orientada a partir do método proposto pelo JBI, e seguiu as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, com o protocolo de pesquisa registrado no Open Science Framework DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada no mês de julho de 2022, e ocorreu nas bases de dados e em portais de teses e dissertações nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por seis artigos científicos, todos redigidos na língua inglesa. Entre as perspectivas para implementação, estão a qualificação dos profissionais de saúde, para identificar e qualificar pacientes expertos, o comprometimento da gestão com o programa, o uso das tecnologias móveis e a Prática Baseada em Evidência. Já os desafios são relacionados à falta de compreensão do termo "autogestão” e ao déficit de políticas públicas e investimento financeiro. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados enfatizam a importância da implementação do Programa Paciente Experto para o contexto de saúde pública, principalmente, em relação à população portadora de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that often leads patients to muscle impairment and physical disability. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the activity of proteasome system in skeletal muscles of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and treated with etanercept or methotrexate. Methods Male DBA1/J mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): CIA-Vehicle (treated with saline), CIA-ETN (treated with etanercept, 5.5 mg/kg), CIA-MTX (treated with methotrexate, 35 mg/kg) and CO (healthy control group). Mice were treated two times a week for 6 weeks. Clinical score and hind paw edema were measured. Muscles were weighted after euthanasia and used to quantify proteasome activity, gene (MuRF-1, PMSα4, PSMβ5, PMSβ6, PSMβ7, PSMβ8, PSMβ9, and PSMβ10), and protein (PSMβ1, PSMβ5, PSMβ1i, PSMβ5i) expression of proteasome subunits. Results Both treatments slowed disease development, but only CIA-ETN maintained muscle weight compared to CIA-MTX and CIA-Vehicle groups. Etanercept treatment showed caspase-like activity of 26S proteasome similar to CO group, while CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX had higher activity compared to CO group (p: 0.0057). MuRF-1 mRNA expression was decreased after etanercept administration compared to CIA-Vehicle and CO groups (p: 0.002, p: 0.007, respectively). PSMβ8 and PSMβ9 mRNA levels were increased in CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX compared to CO group, while CIA-ETN presented no difference from CO. PMSβ6 mRNA expression was higher in CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX groups than in CO group. Protein levels of the PSMβ5 subunit were increased in CO group compared to CIA-Vehicle; after both etanercept and methotrexate treatments, PSMβ5 expression was higher than in CIA-Vehicle group and did not differ from CO group expression (p: 0.0025, p: 0.001, respectively). The inflammation-induced subunit β1 (LMP2) was enhanced after methotrexate treatment compared to CO group (p: 0.043). Conclusions The results of CIA-Vehicle show that arthritis increases muscle proteasome activation by enhanced caspase-like activity of 26S proteasome and increased PSMβ8 and PSMβ9 mRNA levels. Etanercept treatment was able to maintain the muscle weight and to modulate proteasome so that its activity and gene expression were compared to CO after TNF inhibition. The protein expression of inflammation-induced proteasome subunit was increased in muscle of CIA-MTX group but not following etanercept treatment. Thus, anti-TNF treatment may be an interesting approach to attenuate the arthritis-related muscle wasting.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de eventos adversos de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en pacientes con LES que son atendidos en centros médicos de referencia en Paraguay. Este es un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes con LES que recibieron al menos una dosis de la vacuna anticovid. De los cuales el 100% recibieron la primera dosis, el 92,3% la segunda dosis y el 15,38% la tercera dosis; el 44,6% recibió Sputnik-V; 16% Moderna; 12,5% Pfizer, 7,1% AstraZeneca, 3,6% Covaxin y 2,1% Hayat Vax, 8 pacientes recibieron su tercera dosis correspondiente a 3 de Pfizer, 3 de Moderna, 2 de AstraZeneca. En las 108 dosis aplicadas se registraron un total de 43 evento advserso, el 95,3% dentro de los primeros 5 días y el resto a los 5 días. El 51,2% presentó el evento advserso tras la primera dosis, el 39,5% tras la segunda dosis y el 9,3% tras la tercera dosis. La duración media de los síntomas fue de 2,3 días ±1,4. El efecto adverso más importante fue el dolor en el sitio de inyección, seguido de fiebre y fatiga. La exacerbación del LES también se registró como evento advserso en el 8,3%. Se registraron efectos adversos leves, se concluye que vacunación contra COVID-19 es segura para pacientes con LES.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with SLE who are attended at referral medical centers in Paraguay. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Fifty-two patients with SLE who received at least one dose of anticovid vaccine were included. Of which 100% received the first dose, 92.3% the second dose and 15.38% the third dose; 44.6% received SputnikV; 16% Moderna; 12.5% Pfizer, 7.1% AstraZeneca, 3.6% Covaxin and 2.1% Hayat Vax, 8 patients received their third dose corresponding to 3 from Pfizer, 3 from Moderna, 2 from AstraZeneca. In the 108 doses applied, a total of 43 adverse events were recorded, 95.3% within the first 5 days and the rest at 5 days. A total of 51.2% presented the adverse event after the first dose, 39.5% after the second dose and 9.3% after the third dose. The mean duration of symptoms was 2.3 days ±1.4. The most important adverse effect was pain at the injection site, followed by fever and fatigue. Exacerbation of SLE was also recorded as an adverse event in 8.3%. Mild adverse effects were recorded, it is concluded that vaccination against covid 19 is safe for patients with SLE.

Resumo A fasceíte necrotizante integra um conjunto de infeções necrotizantes da pele e tecidos moles. A fasceíte Necrotizante (FN) do tipo II surge devido a infeção por Streptococcus do grupo A, que pode associar-se a Staphylococcus aureus, e pode evoluir para síndrome do choque tóxico, com elevada morbimortalidade influenciada negativamente pelo atraso no diagnóstico e instituição de terapêutica cirúrgica adequada. Numa fase inicial, a apresentação clínica pode não ser explícita e, por isso, é essencial um elevado índice de suspeição, de modo a diagnosticar, iniciar a terapêutica antibiótica e, principalmente, efetuar um desbridamento cirúrgico em tempo útil, fulcral para a otimização do prognóstico do doente. O propósito deste artigo é efetuar uma revisão narrativa acerca da FN do tipo II, nomeadamente quanto às suas manifestações clínicas, abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica, através da análise de informação recente relativa à temática.

Abstract Necrotizing fasciitis integrates a series of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Type II necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is due to an infection by group A Streptococcus, which can be associated with Staphylococcus aureus, and may evolve to toxic shock syndrome, with high morbidity and mortality negatively influenced by delay in diagnosis and institution of appropriate surgical therapy. At an early stage, the clinical presentation may not be explicit; therefore, a high index of suspicion is essential in order to diagnose, initiate antibiotic therapy and, most importantly, perform surgical debridement in a timely manner, which is crucial for optimizing the patient's prognosis. The purpose of this article is to execute a narrative review about type II NF, namely in terms of its clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic approach, through the analysis of recent information on the subject.

Resumen Introducción. El cáncer de pulmón es la primera causa de mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial, lo que hace que sea considerado un problema de salud pública. Existen diferentes hallazgos imagenológicos que hacen sospechar la presencia de cáncer de pulmón, uno de los cuales son los nódulos pulmonares; sin embargo, estos también pueden verse en entidades benignas. Métodos. Se incluyeron 66 pacientes con biopsia de nódulo pulmonar en la Clínica Reina Sofía, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre el 1° de marzo del 2017 y el 28 de febrero del 2020. Se analizaron las características demográficas de los pacientes, las características morfológicas e histopatológicas de los nódulos pulmonares y la correlación entre sus características imagenológicas e histopatológicas. Resultados. El 69,2 % de los nódulos estudiados tenían etiología maligna, de estos el 55,5 % era de origen metástasico y el 44,5 % eran neoplasias primarias de pulmón, con patrón sólido en el 70,6 % de los casos. El patrón histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma. Respecto a las características radiológicas, en su mayoría los nódulos malignos medían de 1 a 2 cm, de morfología lisa y distribución múltiple, localizados en lóbulos superiores. Conclusiones. La caracterización de los nódulos pulmonares brinda información relevante que orienta sobre los diagnósticos más frecuentes en nuestro medio, cuando se estudian nódulos sospechosos encontrados incidentalmente o en el seguimiento de otro tumor. Como el nódulo es la manifestación del cáncer temprano del pulmón, establecer programas de tamización que permitan el diagnóstico oportuno, es hoy día una imperiosa necesidad, para reducir la mortalidad.

Abstract Introduction. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, which makes it a public health problem. There are different imaging findings that suggest the presence of lung cancer, one of which is pulmonary nodules; however, these can also be seen in benign entities. Methods. A total of 66 patients with pulmonary nodule biopsy at Clínica Reina Sofía, in the city of Bogotá D.C. were included between March 1, 2017 and February 28, 2020. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the morphologic and histopathologic characteristics of the pulmonary nodules and their correlation with their pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Results. 69.2% of the nodules studied had malignant etiology, of these 55.5% were of metastatic origin, and 44.5% were primary lung neoplasms, with a solid pattern in 70.6% of the cases. The most frequent histological pattern was adenocarcinoma. Regarding the radiological characteristics, most of the malignant nodules measure 1 to 2 cm, of smooth morphology and had multiple distribution, located in the upper lobes. Conclusions. The characterization of pulmonary nodules provides relevant information that guides the most frequent diagnoses in our setting, when suspicious nodules found incidentally or in the follow-up of another tumor are studied. As the nodule is the manifestation of early lung cancer, establishing screening programs that allow timely diagnosis is an urgent need to reduce mortality.

Resumen El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) es una enfermedad infecciosa emergente en América. Ocho especies de roedores nativos han sido identificadas como reservorios del virus causante del SPH en la Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar los genotipos de orthohantavirus presentes en una comunidad de roedores que habita en una zona donde ocurrió un caso fatal de SPH, en una localidad endémica de Argentina central. Se capturaron 27 individuos con un esfuerzo de 723 trampas-noche. Se detectó un 14,3% de Akodon azarae infectados con el genotipo pergamino. Este resultado amplía el conocido rango de distribución de este orthohantavirus. A pesar de que el genotipo pergamino no ha sido asociado con casos humanos hasta el momento, la información sobre su distribución es relevante para analizar el riesgo ante un potencial cambio en la infectividad del virus.

Abstract Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is an emerging infectious disease of the Americas. Eight native rodent species have been identified as HPS virus reservoirs in Argentina. The aim of this work was to detect the orthohantavirus genotypes present in a rodent commu-nity that inhabits a zone where a fatal HPS case occurred within an endemic locality of Central Argentina. We captured 27 rodents with a trapping effort of 723 trap nights. We detected 14.3% of infected Akodon azarae with the Pergamino genotype. This result expands the known distribution of this orthohantavirus. Although the Pergamino genotype has not been associated with human cases, the information about its distribution is relevant for risk assessment against potential changes in the virus infectivity.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the addition of condensed tannins (CT) in the efficiency of digestion, methanogenic potential and energy distribution between the fermentation products of two forages. An assay was carried out using the in vitro gas production technique in which extracts of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) and Lotus corniculatus were evaluated with fermentation patterns of derived products from Ryegrass (RG, Lolium perenne) and a tropical forage, Megathyrsus maximus (MM). Tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 30 mg g-1. MM presented higher and delayed gas production (GP), and in vitro dry matter, organic matter and fiber digestibilities (ivDMD, ivOMD and NDFD, respectively) were relatively high but lower than RG. In addition, MM presented higher CH4 production (CH4p) than RG in 24 and 48h. Even though CT of Quebracho induced a decrease in the NDFD, contrary to what was expected, CH4p was greater, although this effect could not be attributed to the presence of CT. The stoichiometric evaluation indicated that while the highest CH4p in Quebracho treatments were associated with acetogenic profiles, CH4p with Lotus did not show any relationship with the volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile, but it did show a relationship with the highest total VFA production and the highest GP.

Abstract Pharmaceutical Care is a subject within the Pharmacy Degree that is taught using theoretical and practical classes. When COVID-19 appeared, Faculty of Pharmacy had to change its way of teaching and learning to online classes. Our aim is to assess the impact of COVID-19 situation on practical classes in Pharmaceutical Care. A prospective study was performed by undergraduate students from Pharmaceutical Care subject. Students attended to 2-day practical classes and were assessed through an evaluative workbook. Undergraduate students (n=390) obtained a score of 8.4±0.8 in practical classes, being higher in face-to-face sessions than online sessions, but not significant differences among both methodologies. The higher score was for the session of minor ailment services (9.3±1.3) and the lower for Personalized Medication Dosage (7.0±1.6) and similar in both scenarios. 59% of students obtained more than 8 score in the global punctuation, being higher in in-face-to-face practical classes. This study showed that learning in health care can be guided and evaluated through an online method. Adapt to new technologies, prevent vulnerable students from being left behind, as well as working on cross-cutting skills at a distance, are some of the challenges of higher education in times of COVID-19.

Abstract Cancer represents the second leading cause of death worldwide, therefore, the search for chemoprotective agents is on the rise. The muscle of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the species analyzed as it has been reported as a source of compounds with antiproliferative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shrimp muscle-isolated compounds on cell proliferation and morphology of human cancer cell lines. The muscle underwent a process of extraction and fractionation of compounds; their effect on cell viability assays (MTT) on lung adenocarcinoma (A549), prostate carcinoma (22 Rv-1), invasive breast adenocarcinoma (MDA MB 231), colon carcinoma (HTC 116), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and non-cancerous retinal cells (ARPE-19) was measured. Morphological changes were observed using fluorescence microscopy and chemical structure data was obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance. Fraction named C5 showed the highest antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231, without significantly affecting the control cells. Subfractions C5-3 and C5-4 presented significant antiproliferative potential in MDA-MB-231; this cell line showed morphological changes that could be related to apoptosis, and spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of b-carotene and eicosapentaenoic acid in C5, nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine the effect of each compound.

Resumo Introdução Este texto apresenta a experiência acumulada ao longo de 10 anos na Conferência de Bio Bio Terapia Ocupacional no Chile, uma atividade de extensão acadêmica e recreativa na qual são discutidos temas relevantes para a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais. Objetivo Analisar as principais aprendizagens e contribuições das metodologias de ensino expostas nestes Congressos para a formação profissional, através da opinião dos alunos que participaram como assistentes. Método desenvolveu-se uma sistematização, uma vez que esta metodologia permite a reflexão crítica a partir da experiência vivida. As informações foram produzidas por meio de entrevistas com 12 alunos e efetuada análise de conteúdo de temas predefinidos, que corresponderam ao pensamento crítico, ferramentas de intervenção e valores partilhados. Resultados O grupo de alunos valoriza as metodologias de carácter prático, participativo e dialógico que lhes permitem partilhar opiniões e experiências. As ferramentas adquiridas correspondem a habilidades relacionais que facilitam o tratamento e o manejo terapêutico. Os valores partilhados que os alunos identificaram presentes na Conferência incluem solidariedade, respeito pela diversidade e empatia. Conclusões As atividades de extensão acadêmica enriquecem a formação profissional, pois aproxima os alunos da realidade social, fortalece a identidade disciplinar e promove sua formação cidadã. Os desafios das atividades de extensão são gerar transformações no cotidiano dos sujeitos da intervenção e que eles possam participar ativamente das adequações curriculares dos planos de estudos.

Abstract Introduction This text shows the experience accumulated over 10 years in the Bio Bio Occupational Therapy Conference in Chile, an academic extension and recreational activity in which relevant topics for the training of occupational therapists are discussed. Objective To analyze the main learning and contributions to the professional training of the teaching methodologies that are exposed in this conference, through the opinion of the students who have participated as assistants. Method systematization is developed since this methodology allows critical reflection from the lived experience. The information is produced through interviews with 12 students. Analysis of the content of predefined topics is carried out, which correspond to critical thinking, tools for intervention, and shared values. Results The group of students values the methodologies of a practical, participatory, and dialogue nature that allow them to share opinions and experiences. The tools that are acquired correspond to relational skills that facilitate treatment and therapeutic management. The shared values that the students identify are present in the conference, including solidarity, respect for diversity, and empathy. Conclusions The academic extension activities enrich professional training because it brings students closer to social reality, strengthens disciplinary identity and promotes their citizenship training. The challenges of extension activities are to generate transformations in the daily lives of the intervention subjects, and that they can actively participate in the curricular adjustments of the study plans.

Resumen Introducción Este texto presenta la experiencia acumulada durante 10 años en las Jornadas de Terapia Ocupacional del Bio Bio en Chile, actividad de extensión académica y recreativa en la cual se tratan temas relevantes para la formación de terapeutas ocupacionales. Objetivo Analizar los principales aprendizajes y contribuciones a la formación profesional de las metodologías de enseñanza que se exponen en estas Jornadas, a través de la opinión de los estudiantes que han participado como asistentes. Método se desarrolla una sistematización, ya que esta metodología permite la reflexión crítica a partir de la experiencia vivida. La información se produce a través de entrevistas a 12 estudiantes. Se realiza análisis del contenido de temas predefinidos, que corresponden a pensamiento crítico, herramientas para la intervención y valores compartidos. Resultados El grupo de estudiantes valoran las metodologías de carácter práctico, participativas y dialogantes que permitan compartir opiniones y experiencias. Las herramientas que se adquieren corresponden a habilidades relacionales que facilitan el trato y manejo terapéutico. Los valores compartidos que los estudiantes identifican se encuentran presentes en las Jornadas incluyen la solidaridad, el respeto a la diversidad y la empatía. Conclusiones Las actividades de extensión académica enriquecen la formación profesional porque acerca a los estudiantes con la realidad social, fortalecen la identidad disciplinar y promoverían su formación ciudadana. Los desafíos de las actividades de extensión son generar transformaciones en las vidas cotidianas de los/as sujetos/as de intervención, y que éstos/as puedan participar activamente en los ajustes curriculares de los planes de estudios.

Resumen Cali es una de las ciudades de Colombia y de Latinoamérica con la tasa de homicidios más alta, con alrededor de un tercio de los homicidios atribuidos a la violencia entre pandillas. En 2016, la Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali - Colombia, la Policía Nacional y el Instituto Cisalva de la Universidad del Valle trabajaron juntos para desarrollar una intervención holística, "TIP - Jóvenes sin fronteras", con el fin de reducir la violencia relacionada con las pandillas en las comunas de Cali. La intervención abarcó seis componentes centrados en desarrollar habilidades personales/emocionales, mejorar el acceso a los servicios de salud y otros servicios públicos, reducir el consumo de sustancias, conectar a los jóvenes con oportunidades laborales y educativas, fomentar la participación en actividades deportivas y recreativas, y restituir los derechos cívicos a integrantes de las pandillas. El objetivo de este estudio era describir las características y la implementación de este programa de transformación de pandillas, y describir los cambios en la tasa de homicidios relacionados con pandillas que podrían estar asociados con la implementación de este programa. El programa comenzó contactando a las pandillas en enero del 2016, reclutando a los primeros miembros de estas en agosto del 2016. A diciembre del 2018, 2.107 jóvenes (de 84 pandillas identificadas por la policía) han participado en el programa. Se observó una reducción de los homicidios relacionados con pandillas en las comunas de Cali entre 2015 y 2018. En las comunas intervenidas, estos homicidios disminuyeron en promedio un 80%, lo que sugiere que el programa podría haber contribuido a la reducción del comportamiento violento relacionado con las pandillas en estas áreas.

Abstract Cali is one of the cities in Colombia and Latin America with the highest rate of homicides, with around one third of homicides being attributed to street gang-related violence. In 2016, the Mayor's office from Santiago the Cali - Colombia, the Police Department and the Cisalva institute from Universidad del Valle worked together to develop an holistic intervention, "TIP -Youth without frontiers", to reduce street gang-related violence in Cali's communes. The intervention comprised six components focusing on developing personal/emotional skills, improving access to health and other public services, reducing substance use, connecting youth with employment and educational opportunities, promoting participation in sports and recreational activities, and improving the restitution of citizen rights to street gang members. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and implementation of this transformative street gang program and to describe changes in street gang-related homicides that could be associated with the implementation of this program. The program started contacting street gangs in January 2016, recruiting the first street gang members in August 2016. As of December 2018, 2.107 youth (from 84 Police identified street gangs) have participated in the program. A reduction in street gang-related homicides was observed in Cali's communes from 2015 to 2018. In intervened communes these homicides decreased on average by 80%, suggesting that the program could have contributed to the reduction of street gang-related violent behavior in these areas.

Resumo Cali é uma das cidades da Colômbia e da América Latina com a maior taxa de homicídios, com cerca de um terço dos homicídios atribuídos à violência de gangues. Em 2016, a Prefeitura de Santiago de Cali - Colômbia, a Polícia Nacional e o Instituto Cisalva da Universidad del Valle trabalharam juntos para desenvolver uma intervenção holística, "TIP - Jovens sem fronteiras", a fim de reduzir a violência das gangues nas comunas de Cali. A intervenção abrangeu seis componentes focados no desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais/emocionais, melhoria do acesso aos serviços de saúde e outros serviços públicos, redução do uso de substâncias, conexão dos jovens com oportunidades de emprego e educação, incentivo à participação em atividades esportivas e recreativas, e a restauração dos direitos cívicos para os membros das gangues. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características e a implementação do programa de transformação de gangues e descrever as mudanças na taxa de homicídios por gangues que poderiam estar associadas à implementação deste programa. O programa começou contatando as gangues em janeiro de 2016 e foram recrutados os primeiros membros das gangues em agosto de 2016. Em dezembro de 2018, participaram do programa 2.107 jovens (de 84 gangues identificadas pela polícia). Uma redução dos homicídios relacionados a gangues nas comunas de Cali foi observada entre 2015 e 2018. Nas comunas intervencionadas, esses homicídios diminuíram em média 80%, sugerindo que o programa possa ter contribuído para a redução do comportamento violento relacionado a gangues nessas áreas.

RESUMEN Introducción. La insuficiencia venosa crónica afecta alrededor del 5% de la población adulta en el mundo; una de sus mayores complicaciones son las úlceras en miembros inferiores, las cuales tienen una prevalencia mundial del 2%. Las úlceras afectan la calidad de vida de los pacientes e impactan al sistema de salud debido a los altos costos de atención que genera. El tratamiento de referencia es la terapia compresiva y la cura húmeda de las heridas, sin embargo estas intervenciones pueden no ser efectivas cuando las lesiones se complican. Presentación del caso. Paciente femenina de 66 años con úlceras venosas en miembros inferiores acompañadas de fiebre y dolor local que no respondían a las terapias convencionales. La paciente fue tratada con un nuevo sustituto dérmico basado en una membrana acelular de colágeno tipo I que contribuye al cierre de la úlcera al estimular el remplazo del tejido lesionado por tejido similar al sano, con lo cual tuvo mejoría a las 16 semanas; después de 8 meses de terminado el tratamiento no se presentó recurrencia de las lesiones. Conclusiones. La membrana acelular de colágeno tipo I desarrollada por el Grupo de Trabajo en Ingeniería de Tejidos del Departamento de Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia es efectiva en el tratamiento de úlceras venosas en miembros inferiores y su bajo costo facilita el acceso de toda la población a terapias basadas en su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency affects about 5% of the global adult population. Venous leg ulcers are one of the most frequent complications of this pathology, with a global prevalence of 2%. This disease affects both the quality of life of patients and, due to the high cost of the treatment, the health system. Compressive therapy and moist wound healing have been the gold standard treatment. However, when complications occur, they may not be effective. Case report: This is the case of a 66-year-old female patient with venous ulcers on her lower limbs and symptoms of fever and local pain that did not respond to conventional therapies. The patient was treated with a new dermal substitute made of an acellular type-I collagen membrane, which promotes the closure of the ulcer by stimulating the replacement of injured tissue with tissue similar to the healthy one. The condition of the patient improved at 16 weeks, and after 8 months of treatment there was no recurrence of the lesions. Conclusions: Acellular type-I collagen membrane developed by the Tissue Engineering Working Group of the Department of Pharmacy of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia is effective in treating venous ulcers of the lower limbs. Its low cost facilitates the access of the whole population to therapies based on its application.