Abstract Improving the aroma of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) is important for consumer acceptance. To explore possible strategies for mimicking the authentic meat-like aroma in plant-based pork mince (PBPM), the volatile flavor compound (VFC) profile of four PBPM samples and two real pork mince (RPM) samples were compared via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Unprocessed RPM contained fewer aromatic compounds, but raw PBPM contained an abundance of VFCs. A discernible difference in the VFC profile also existed between the raw RPM samples, which were derived from common pig and free-range black pig. Similarly, a variance in the VFC profiles of different raw PBPM samples was observed. Various aromatic compounds, such as alcohols and aldehydes, are formed when RPM is cooked. Although some of these compounds can also be formed when PBPM is cooked, most VFCs present in the raw sample were reduced or eliminated during the same process. Although the impacts of steaming and stir-frying on the VFC profiles of each kind of pork differed, the similarity in the VFC profiles of PBPM and RPM increased after steaming and stir-frying.

In this study, the effects of geraniin on osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(OPG/RANKL) in regulating the proliferation of osteoblasts and suppression of osteoclast-like cells (OLC) in OLC-osteoblast co-cultured system in vitro were investigated. Osteoblasts were cultured and identified with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gomori stain, and mineralized nodule stain. OLCs were isolated from long bones of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and identified with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to examine the proliferation of osteoblasts, and immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression OPG/RANKL in osteoblasts co-cultured with osteoclasts under the action of geraniin, respectively. Geraniin could regulate the proliferation of osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, decrease the number of OLC in OLC-osteoblast co-cultured system, and inhibit the bone resorption areas and resorption pits of OLC in vitro experiments. Geraniin could promote the mRNA and protein expression levels of OPG and suppress those of RANKL in osteoblasts. These results indicate that geraniin has a promoting effect on the proliferation of osteoblasts and an inhibitory effect on the osteoclastic bone-resorption through regulating OPG/RANKL signaling pathway in OLC-OB co-cultured system.

Background and aim: To improve the diagnostic rate of gastric lymphoma by analyzing clinical and endoscopic features of patients with gastric lymphoma and suspected gastric lymphoma. Methods: Clinical and endoscopic records of 35 patients with gastric lymphoma (positive group) and 133 patients with suspected gastric lymphoma but subsequent non-malignant pathology (negative group) were analyzed retrospectively. Data from another 99 gastric lymphoma patients with malignant pathology but nonspecific endoscopy (endoscopy non-suspect group) were analyzed. Results: Abdominal pain was the predominant symptom reported in both the positive and negative lymphoma groups, representing 60.0 and 52.5%, respectively. No significant differences in age, sex and clinical manifestations in subjects from the two groups were found. In the positive group, 54.3% were ulcerative; 34.3%, infiltrative; 8.5%, polypoid; and 2.9%, granulonodular. In the negative group, 52.6% were infiltrative; 42.1%, ulcerative; 4.5%, granulonodular; and 0.75%, polypoid. The endoscopic results varied between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the non-suspect group, 66.7% were ulcerative; 17.2%, infiltrative; 14.1%, polypoid; and 2.0%, granulonodular. With regards to histology, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common subtype. The sensitivity of endoscopy was 60% for detecting malignancy and 21% for gastric lymphoma. Conclusion: The present study suggests that gastric lymphoma and suspected gastric lymphoma have similar clinical features. Gastric lymphoma presented mainly as macroscopic ulcerative lesions, whereas suspected gastric lymphoma appeared mainly as infiltrative lesions. Although the diagnostic rate of gastric lymphoma was relatively low (21%), it can be identified by endoscopy (60%). To improve diagnosis, repetitive endoscopic biopsies should be performed and novel endoscopic techniques developed in the future.

Abstract Background Rabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Each year thousands of people die because of this disease, but rabies diagnosed in pregnancy is very rare. Case Presentation In this study, we report the case of a pregnant woman who was infected with the rabies virus after a dog bite. The symptoms of rabies appeared in labor and she died after pregnancy. Her baby and husband did not develop the disease. Conclusion The phenomenon that the newborn infant was healthy may be related to the protective role of placenta in resisting the invasion of the rabies virus or the absence of systemic viremia. The prompt administration of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulin to the infant may have also contributed to his survival.

Abstract: From two volume-limited main galaxy samples of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS DR10), we extracted paired galaxies and isolated galaxies, and performed comparative studies between them to explore the influence of galaxy interactions on age, stellar velocity dispersion and K-band luminosity. Paired galaxies have preferentially larger stellar velocity dispersions and are preferentially older than isolated galaxies. We also noted apparent differences in the K-band luminosity distribution between paired galaxies and isolated galaxies in the luminous volume-limited main galaxy sample: paired galaxies are preferentially more luminous than isolated galaxies, whereas this difference in the faint volume-limited main galaxy sample is very small.

Resumen: A partir de dos muestras de galaxias principales limitadas por volumen y obtenidas del SDSS DR10 extrajimos pares de galaxias y galaxias aisladas, y realizamos estudios comparativos de ambas muestras para explorar la influencia de las interacciones galácticas sobre la edad, la dispersión de velocidades estelares y la luminosidad en la banda K. Los pares de galaxias tienden a tener dispersiones de velocidades estelares mayores, y a ser más viejos que las galaxias aisladas. En la muestra limitada por volumen de galaxias brillantes también notamos diferencias en la luminosidad en la banda K entre las pares de galaxias y las galaxias aisladas: los pares de galaxias tienden a ser más luminosos que las galaxias aisladas. Sin embargo, en la muestra de galaxias débiles también limitadas por volumen, esta diferencia es pequeña.

Se ha convertido en una maleza importante en hábitats de agua dulce en ríos, lagos y embalses, tanto en zonas tropicales como templadas de todo el mundo. Algunas investigaciones han indicado que se puede utilizar para la fitorremediación de agua, debido a su fuerte asimilación de nitrógeno y fósforo, y la acumulación de metales pesados, su crecimiento y propagación puede desempeñar un papel importante en la ecología ambiental. Con el fin de explorar el mecanismo molecular de respuesta a la deficiencia de nitrógeno en E. crassipes, se construyeron bibliotecas de cDNA mediante síntesis adelantada y retrasada para raíces de E. crassipes en condiciones de deficiencia de nitrógeno mediante el método de hibridación supresiva sustractiva (SSH). Para este estudio se utilizaron 2 100 clones de síntesis adelantada y 2 650 de síntesis retrasada. De la biblioteca se escogieron al azar mil clones, 737 (527 unigenes) de síntesis adelanta- da y 757 (483 unigenes) de síntesis retrasada que fueron informativos. El análisis BLASTX mostró que había más transportadores y proteínas adenosilhomocisteinasa en E. crassipes cultivadas en un medio deficiente de nitrógeno; mientras que las cultivadas en un medio repleto de nitróge- no tenían más proteínas como UBR4 e3 ubiquitina-proteína ligasa y la proteína arabinogalactano 8 tipo fasciclina, así como otras proteínas del citoesqueleto, incluyendo la actina y la tubulina. Clúster del Grupo Ortológico (COG) también demostró que en la biblioteca de síntesis adelan- tada, la mayoría de los marcadores de secuencia expresada (ESTs) estaban involucrados en el transporte de coenzimas y el metabolismo.

Eichhornia crassipes is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon River Basin. It has become a serious weed in freshwater habitats in rivers, lakes and reservoirs both in tropical and warm temperate areas worldwide. Some research has stated that it can be used for water phytoremediation, due to its strong assimilation of nitro- gen and phosphorus, and the accumulation of heavy metals, and its growth and spread may play an important role in environmental ecology. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of E. crassipes to responses to nitrogen deficiency, we constructed forward and reversed subtracted cDNA libraries for E. crassipes roots under nitrogen deficient condition using a suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. The forward subtraction included 2 100 clones, and the reversed included 2 650 clones. One thousand clones were randomly selected from each library for sequencing. About 737 (527 unigenes) clones from the forward library and 757 (483 unigenes) clones from the reversed library were informative. Sequence BlastX analysis showed that there were more transporters and adenosylhomocysteinase-like proteins in E. crassipes cultured in nitrogen deficient medium; while, those cultured in nitrogen replete medium had more proteins such as UBR4-like e3 ubiquitin- protein ligase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 8-like, as well as more cytoskeletal proteins, including actin and tubulin. Cluster of Orthologous Group (COG) analysis also demonstrated that in the forward library, the most ESTs were involved in coenzyme transportation and metabolism. In the reversed library, cytoskeletal ESTs were the most abundant. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categories demonstrated that unigenes involved in binding, cellular process and electron carrier were the most differentially expressed unigenes between the forward and reversed libraries. All these results suggest that E. crassipes can respond to different nitrogen status by efficiently regulating and controlling some transporter gene expressions, certain metabolism processes, specific signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal construction.