Hydrogen permeation tests and tensile mechanical tests were performed at room temperature on API 5CT P110 steel to characterize hydrogen trapping and to evaluate their hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. The hydrogen trap density was calculated from two consecutive hydrogen permeation transients plotted using an electrochemical cell. Slow strain rate tensile tests on hydrogen-charged samples through cathodic polarization at different potentials were performed to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Thereby it was established the lowest potential that characterizes the onset of the cathodic overprotection for studied steel. After mechanical tests was observed a decrease in ductility as the protection potential became more negative and that the fracture mode was changed from ductile microvoid coalescence on the as-received steel to extended quasi-cleavage on the hydrogen-charged steel. The results showed that API 5CT P110 steel has high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement conditioned by a predominance of reversible traps in microstructure and by high hydrogen solubility. CT P P11 cell hydrogencharged charged asreceived received quasicleavage quasi cleavage solubility P1

Abstract The Penman-Monteith equation is recommended for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, it requires meteorological data that are commonly unavailable. Thus, this study evaluates artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and the original and calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Penman-Monteith temperature (PMT) equations for the estimation of daily ETo using temperature. Two scenarios were considered: (i) local, models were calibrated/developed and evaluated using data from individual weather stations; (ii) regional, models were calibrated/developed using pooled data from several stations and evaluated independently in each one. Local models were also evaluated outside the calibration/training station. Data from 9 stations were used. The original PMT outperformed the original HS, but after local or regional calibrations, they performed similarly. The locally calibrated equations and the local machine learning models exhibited higher performances than their regional versions. However, the regional models had higher generalization capacity, with a more stable performance between stations. The machine learning models performed better than the equations evaluated. When comparing the ANN models with the HS equation, mean RMSE reduced from 0.96 to 0.87 and from 0.84 to 0.73, in regional and local scenarios, respectively. ANN and MARS performed similarly, with a slight advantage for ANN.

Special attention has emerged towards biomass smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing new knowledge for prevention and therapeutic approach of non-smoker COPD patients. However, the understanding of biomass smoke COPD is still limited and somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare COPD exclusively caused by tobacco smoking with COPD exclusively caused by environmental or occupational exposures. For this cross-sectional study, COPD patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and formed two groups: non-smoker COPD group (n=16) with exposure to biomass smoke who did not smoke cigarette and tobacco smoker COPD group (n=15) with people who did not report biomass smoke exposure. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, thoracic high-resolution computed tomography, 6-min walk test, and sputum induction. The non-smoker COPD group had biomass smoke exposure of 133.3±86 hour-years. The tobacco COPD group smoked 48.5±27.4 pack-years. Women were 62.5 and 66.7%, respectively, of non-smokers and smokers. The non-smoker COPD group showed higher prevalence of dyspnea, lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) with similar spirometry results, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, differences were detected in sputum number of lymphomononuclear cells and in sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with higher values in the smoker group. Emphysema was more prevalent in the tobacco smoker group, which also showed higher relative bronchial wall thickness and lower lung density by quantitative analysis. Biomass smoke induced more hypoxemia compared to tobacco in COPD patients with similar severity.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi observar a ação da romã (Punica granatum L.) em estomatites induzidas por queimaduras no dorso da língua de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos adultos, provenientes do Biotério da UNIVASF. Foram formados quatro grupos (G1: Polpa da romã por gavagem; G2: Polpa da romã por gavagem + aplicação local do chá da casca do fruto; G3: aplicação local do chá da casca do fruto e G4: Controle negativo). As queimaduras foram confeccionadas com instrumental odontológico padrão. Os tratamentos foram realizados duas vezes ao dia, durante 14 dias. Metade dos animais de cada grupo (n=3) foi eutanasiada no sétimo dia de experimentação, enquanto o restante foi eutanasiado no 14º dia. As línguas foram removidas e fixadas com formaldeído a 10% tamponado, processadas com cortes de 5 µm e coradas em HE. Clinicamente, os animais do grupo G2 tiveram melhores resultados. Na análise histológica qualitativa foi avaliada a reepitelização e os graus de inflamação numa escala de 0 a 4. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Houve significância estatística (p=0,026 e p=0,023) quando se comparou o tratamento com os graus de reepitelização e inflamação nos quatro grupos estudados. O grupo G2 apresentou cicatrização completa com 14 dias. Os piores escores obtidos foram atribuídos ao Grupo G4 nos dois parâmetros de avaliação qualitativa. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observa-se que a romã (Punica granatum L.) possui ação cicatrizante na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to observe the action of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on stomatitis induced burns on the dorso-lingual musosa in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male, adult Wister albino rats were used, from the bioterium of UNIVASF. There were four groups (G1: Pomegranate juice by gavage; G2: Pomegranate juice by gavage + local application of fruit peel tea; G3: Local application of fruit peel tea only and G4: a negative control). The burns were made with standard dental instruments. The treatments were performed twice a day for 14 days. Half the animals in each group (n = 3) were euthanized on the seventh day of experimentation, while the remainder were euthanized on day 14. The tongues were removed and fixed with a 10% formaldehyde buffer, processed as 5µm sections and stained with HE. Clinically the animals treated with tea showed better healing. For statistical analysis the Pearson chi-squared test was used. There was a statistical significance (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023) when compared to treatment with the degree of re-epithelialization and inflammation of the four groups studied. The G2 group showed complete healing within 14 days. The worst scores were found in the G4 group in both qualitative assessment parameters. Based on these results, it was observed that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has a healing action on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats.

Background: Lateral epicondylalgia is a complex musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain in the region to present the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Aim: To summarize the evidence in Cochrane Systematic Reviews Cochrane and not in relation to the effects and benefits of low power laser for the treatment of pain in patients who may be LE. Materials and methods: A search was conducted in the specialized register of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group (1980-January 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1980-January 2014) and databases: MEDLINE (1980-January 2014), PEDro (1980-January 2014), Metasearch Epistemonikos (1980-January 2014), gray literature, conference proceedings are sought, there was no language restriction. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews were evaluated AMSTAR and overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Results: The search identified pre-remove 84 systematic reviews, 4 of which met our eligibility criteria. Only 3 of them were categorized as "high quality" methodological and had "medium quality". Conclusion: Although, laser therapy has favorable short- and medium-term benefits in relation to pain relief and functional " Very low evidence" improvement, according to GRADE. This means that the results have a high "uncertainty" about the estimate of effect.

Introducción: la epicondilalgia lateral es una condición músculo-esquelética compleja, caracterizada por presentar dolor en la región del epicóndilo lateral del húmero. Objetivo: resumir la evidencia existente en revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane y no Cochrane, en relación a los efectos y beneficios del láser de baja potencia para el tratamiento del dolor en sujetos que presenten epicondilalgia lateral. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en el registro especializado Cochrane del grupo músculo-esquelético (1980-enero 2014), en el Registro Cochrane de Ensayos Controlados (1980-enero 2014) y en las bases de datos: MEDLINE (1980-enero 2014), PEDro (1980-enero 2014), Metabuscador Epistemonikos (1980-enero 2014), se buscó literatura gris, actas de congresos, no hubo restricción por idioma. La calidad metodológica de las revisiones sistemáticas incluidas fueron evaluadas con AMSTAR y la calidad global de la evidencia mediante GRADE. Resultados: la búsqueda preliminar identificó 84 revisiones sistemáticas, de las cuales 4 cumplían con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. Sólo 3 de ellas fueron categorizadas de "alta calidad" metodológica y una presentaba "mediana calidad". Conclusión: si bien es cierto, la terapia láser presenta beneficios favorables a corto y mediano plazo en el alivio del dolor y mejora funcional ("muy baja evidencia", según GRADE). Esto quiere decir que los resultados presentan una gran "incertidumbre" sobre la estimación del efecto.

Among the surgical problems of birds, fractures are the most prevalent, and the long bones of the wings and pelvic limbs are the most frequently affected. The success of orthopedic surgery in birds is directly related to the techniques used to undo the mechanical forces of a fracture. At the veterinary teaching hospital a psitacid from the Ara ararauna (blue-and-yellow-macaw) species with a clinical history of trauma in the cage was treated. Craniocaudal and lateral radiographs of the left limb demonstrated a mid-diaphyseal fracture of the tibiotarsus. The bird was sent to surgery. The patient was anesthetized with isufluorane and for the pre-anesthesic medicacion methadone was administrated. A medial surgical approach to the tibiotarsus was made and fracture reduction was performed. The fracture was stabilized through a titanium miniplate (system 2mm) fixed medially on the tibiotarsus with 6 cortical miniscrews, being 3 proximal and 3 distal to the fracture site. In this case, there was no complication in placing the miniplate and miniscrews, resulting in a satisfactory alignment of the fragments and causing an efficient reduction of the diaphyseal fracture of tibiotarsus with functional return of the limb and bone consolidation.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different energy and protein levels on the performance and quality of the egg-laying light-AM hen in Manaus, Brazil. The experiment duration was of 140 days divided into five periods of 28 days. A hundred sixty two, 38 weeks old, birds line Lohmann LSL housed in 27 cages, were used. The experimental design was a completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial:three levels of energy (2700, 2800 in 2900 kcal ME/kg) and three levels of crude protein (15, 16, 17%) with 3 replicates of six birds per plot. The levels of energy and protein influenced significantly (p<0.05) feed conversion, and the egg yolk and shell weights. There was no influence (p>0.05) of the interaction on variables. Was concluded that diets with 17% CP and 2700 kcal ME/kg had better feed conversion, and 17% CP and 2900 kcal ME/kg provided greater production of eggs, yolk weight, eggs mass and shell weight.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de energia e proteína, sobre o desempenho e qualidade do ovo de poedeiras leves em Manaus-AM, Brasil. O experimento teve duração de 140 dias divididos em cinco períodos de 28 dias. Foram utilizadas 162 aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL com 38 semanas de idade alojadas em 27 gaiolas.O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em um fatorial 3x3: três níveis de energia (2700, 2800 e 2900 kcal EM/kg) e três de proteína bruta (15, 16 e 17%) com 3 repetições de seis aves por parcela. Os níveis de energia e proteína influenciaram (p<0,05) a conversão alimentar, o peso da gema e o peso da casca. Não houve influência (p>0,05) da interação dos fatores nas variáveis analisadas. Concluí-se que rações com 17% PB e 2700 kcal EM/kg apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar e 17% PB e 2900 kcal EM/kg proporcionaram maior produção de ovos, peso da gema, massa do ovo e peso da casca.

At the Green quarry, southern San Luis province, there are scarse exposures of medium grained quartz-plagioclase-biotite schists of sedimentary origin. These outcrops are bounded to the east by a major N-S trending (Lonco Vaca) fault. U-Pb SHRIMP dating of 42 detrital zircons indicate that most grains are Neoproterozoic (n=20) and Cambrian (n=13). The age of the youngest detrital zircon is ca 500 Ma, which corresponds to the maximum age for the onset of sedimentation, indicating that deposition occurred during the Upper Cambrian- Ordovician. Equivalent and coeval metasediments are exposed in the sierra Lonco Vaca (La Pampa province). The metasediments of the San Luis Formation would also be equivalent and partly contemporaneous.

En la cantera Green, sector austral de la provincia de San Luis, afloran escasamente esquistos de grano mediano cuarzo-feldespático-biotíticos de origen sedimentario. Estos afloramientos están limitados por el este por la falla Lonco Vaca, de orientación norte-sur y alcance regional. La datación U-Pb SHRIMP de 42 circones detríticos indica que la mayoría de los granos son neoproterozoicos (n =20) y cámbricos (n =13). La edad del circón detrítico más joven es ca. 500 Ma, lo cual corresponde a la edad máxima de depositación, indicando que la sedimentación ocurrió durante el Cámbrico Superior-Ordovícico. Los esquistos de la cantera Green pertenecerían a una secuencia supracortical originada en una cuenca de antepaís durante el Cámbrico Superior-Ordovícico en el margen sudoccidental de Gondwana. Metasedimentos equivalentes y contemporáneos afloran en la sierra de Lonco Vaca (La Pampa). Los metasedimentos de la Formación San Luis también serían equivalentes y parcialmente contemporáneos.