Resumo A genealogia acadêmica hierarquiza as relações formais de orientação em redes de pares orientador-orientado, por meio das quais é possível realizar uma série de análises, tais como identificar quem são os acadêmicos mais influentes, em quais áreas eles atuam, e qual é a relação existente entre essas áreas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir e analisar a genealogia acadêmica da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Para tanto, foram utilizados os registros da rede de bibliotecas dessa instituição e os currículos da Plataforma Lattes dos pesquisadores doutores, orientadores e orientados, listados nesses registros. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, na instituição analisada, o conhecimento acadêmico tem origens múltiplas, as quais remontam à primeira metade do século vinte, e que a trajetória do conhecimento em Saúde Pública é multidisciplinar. Atualmente, o conhecimento acadêmico na Instituição tem a marca da urgência do ambiente, no sentido de obter respostas sobre/para a realidade da saúde no contexto brasileiro.

Abstract Academic genealogy hierarchizes formal advisor-advisee relationships in networks of students and their advisors providing room for a series of analyzes, such as identifying who are the most influential academics, in what areas they act, and what is the relationship between these areas. This work aims to build and analyze the academic genealogy of the National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Therefore, this work made use of the PhD mentoring records of the library of this institution and of the researchers’ curriculum from Lattes Platform. The results showed that, in the analyzed institution, academic knowledge has multiple origins, which dated to the first half of the twentieth century, and that the trajectory of knowledge in Public Health is multidisciplinary. Currently, the academic knowledge in the institution has the mark of the urgency of the environment, meaning that it is built to obtain answers about and to the reality of health in the Brazilian context.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever fragmentos de pupário e adultos de Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera, Muscidae) recentemente encontrados no interior do esôfago de um corpo mumificado do século XIX em Lisboa (Portugal). Ilustrações do material e uma breve discussão são apresentados.

The present paper aims to describe the material (puparia and adult fragments) of Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera, Muscidae) recently found inside the esophagus of a mummified body from the XIX century, in Lisbon (Portugal). Illustrations of the material and a brief discussion are presented. Third larvar stadium, pupa and adult of O. capensis and O. ignava are presented.

Fly puparia and adult fragments of diptera muscid were found inside the esophagus of a mummified body from the early XIX century, buried inside the crypt of the Sacrament Church (Lisbon, Portugal). The identification of the material revealed a monospecific colonization by Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae), a species known to invade corpses in the ammoniacal fermentation wave. This species can be found in corpses kept indoors, not available to the early waves of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In the present case, the number of pupae and their developmental stage suggest that the female invaded the mummified corpse through the partially opened mouth and the oviposition took place directly inside the esophagus. This is the first case of O. capensis infesting internal organs of an intact corpse. The use of chemical products for the embalming process probably explains why external colonization did not occur.

The present paper discusses mtDNA and taphonomy of human remains from Moa, Beirada, and Zé Espinho sambaquis of Saquarema, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. New human bone dating by 14C-AMS for Moa archeological site (3810+50 BP - GX-31826-AMS) is included. Preservation of microscopic lamellae and DNA is not related to the macroscopic integrity of the bones. Results here suggest that the preservation of amplifiable DNA fragments may have relation to the preservation of the lamellar arrangement as indicated by optical microscopic examination (polarized light). In 13 human bone fragments from Moa, Beirada, and Zé Espinho it was possible to sequence mtDNA from the 3 individuals of Moa, and from 1 of 4 individuals of Beirada, whose bones also show extensive areas with preserved lamellar structures. The 6 human bone fragments of Zé Espinho and 3 of the 4 fragments of Beirada showed extensive destruction of cortical microstructure represented by cavities, intrusive minerals, and agglomerated microscopic bodies of fungi and bacteria; it was not possible to extract mtDNA from these samples. The results support the hypothesis that the preservation of the microscopic osteon organization is a good predictor for DNA preservation. It was also confirmed the C haplogroup antiquity in Brazil.

The sample consists of 226 skulls from the Atacameño cemetery of Coyo Oriente (639-910 AD), associated with the Tiwanaku period. The authors analyzed signs of acute trauma typically associated with violence, and the results were 12% of men and 9.9% of women displaying any type of lesion related to violence. In males, concentration of these non-lethal lesions in the nasal region (10.4%) as opposed to a random distribution over the entire skull (1.6%), suggests that the blows were struck during rituals. The cultural context of this period, with a strong ideological influence from Tiwanaku, supports the ritual hypothesis, since both the ethnographic as well as archeological records point to the existence of non-lethal violent bleeding with ritual beating to the face. Such rituals persist to this day among certain Andean populations. Among women, the most plausible hypothesis for the lesions (3.9% in the skull, 4.9% in the nasal bones, and 0.9% in the face) is domestic conflicts, since they show a random distribution. Previous studies with other Atacameño samples had indicated the same results for women.