Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of Pinus oocarpa wood agglomerated panels produced with different levels (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) of wood replacement with bean residues. For this purpose, Pinus oocarpa wood and the agricultural residue were reduced into particles and their properties of apparent density, extractives, lignin and ash content of these raw materials were determined. Then, the particles were dried to a 3 % humidity and granulometrically selected to produce panels with a density of 0,60 g/cm3. These particles were bonded using 12 % urea-formaldehyde adhesive, pressed, following normative dimensions (250 mm x 250 mm x 15 mm (width, length, and thickness)), and kept in a climate-controlled environment (20 ºC ± 2 ºC and 65 % ± 5 % RH) until the physical and mechanical tests were carried out. The research results indicated that the particles from bean residues in comparison with Pinus oocarpa wood, presented low density, lignin and holocellulose values, and higher extractives data. Furthermore, regarding the characterization of the panels, there was a trend towards uniformity in the apparent density values, an increase in the properties of compact ratio, water absorption and thickness swelling, and a decrease in their mechanical properties associated with the increase in the by-product addition to the panels. Therefore, new studies are necessary, seeking a larger study and greater knowledge of the addition effects of bean residues in particulate panels, aiming the dissemination of this sustainable process on large scale.

ABSTRACT Black pepper is widely produced in Brazil, though there are few studies related to its water requirements and the effects of water deficit (WD) applied under tropical conditions. The growth, sensitivity to WD, and first-year productivity of irrigated plants from the Bragantina cultivar were evaluated, employing an irrigation system with automatic management. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots installed in the field for 391 days using emitters with different flow rates (2.2 [T1], 3.3 [T2], 4.3 [T3], and 5.3 L h–1 [T4 – control]). Fresh weight of the leaves, stems, and shoots, and dry weight of the leaves, stem, roots, and shoots as well as the total dry weight of the plant, were evaluated. Productivity was determined by evaluating the grains and spikes from a single harvest. Yield results and the actual versus maximum evapotranspiration rate for the entire growing season was used for calculating the Ky coefficient. Despite 1,346 mm of rainfall, the irrigation system was activated 165 times, distributing a mean volume of 19.0 (T1), 28.5 (T2), 37.1 (T3), and 45.8 L per plant (control). All traits were negatively affected by the WD, and the Ky values obtained (from 1.72 to 2.96) indicate the high sensitivity of black pepper to WD. In general, the spikes produced with at least 81 % of the crop water demand were larger and more numerous than those subjected to inferior treatments. WD occurring during the flowering stage severely hampers the size, weight, and quality of the spikes and grains of black pepper.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how arch form and interproximal contact size displace mandibular teeth subjected to an anterior component of force (ACF). Methods: Nine finite element models (FEM) of the mandibular arch were developed using Ansys® v. 16.0 software. They were designed to evaluate the effects of three arch forms (triangular, oval, and square) and three contact sizes (point-to-point, 1 mm diameter, and 2 mm diameter). All nine models were subjected to an ACF of 53.8 N (5486 gm). Three-dimensional tooth rotations and displacements of the mandibular teeth were evaluated, from the right first molar to the left first molar. Results: Arch form had a greater effect on tooth movements than contact size. Triangular arches and point-to-point contacts produced the greatest displacements and rotations of teeth. Oval arches with 2 mm wide interproximal contact points showed the greatest stability. The right first premolar showed the greatest displacements in all of the models. Conclusions: Arch form and contact size affect interproximal tooth stability. Teeth are least stable in narrow arches with point-to-point interproximal contacts, and most stable in wider arches with larger contacts.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como o formato da arcada e o tamanho do contato interproximal deslocam os dentes inferiores submetidos a um componente anterior de força (CAF). Métodos: Nove modelos de elementos finitos (MEF) da arcada inferior foram desenvolvidos utilizando o software Ansys® v. 16.0. Eles foram projetados para avaliar os efeitos de três formatos de arcada (triangular, oval e quadrado) e três tamanhos de contato interproximal (ponto a ponto, 1 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de diâmetro). Todos os nove modelos foram submetidos a um CAF de 53,8 N (5486 gm). Foram avaliados tridimensionalmente as rotações dentárias e os deslocamentos dos dentes inferiores, do primeiro molar direito ao primeiro molar esquerdo. Resultados: A forma da arcada teve um efeito maior no movimento dos dentes do que o tamanho do contato interproximal. Arcadas triangulares e contatos ponto a ponto produziram os maiores deslocamentos e rotações dos dentes. Arcadas ovais com pontos de contato interproximal de 2 mm de largura apresentaram maior estabilidade. O primeiro pré-molar direito apresentou os maiores deslocamentos em todos os modelos. Conclusões: O formato da arcada e o tamanho do contato interproximal afetam a estabilidade dos dentes. Os dentes foram menos estáveis nas arcadas estreitas com contatos interproximais ponto a ponto, e mais estáveis nas arcadas mais largas com contatos maiores.

SUMMARY: Adverse events (AE) contribute significantly to postoperative morbidities and comorbidities. Many AEs occur due to a lack of anatomical knowledge and its variants. Latrogenic bile duct injuries, for instance, represent a serious surgical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anatomical knowledge for the identification and adequate drainage of all ducts is relevant and fundamental in order to avoid future errors. The objective of the study was to morphometrically analyze the bile ducts in adult human corpses. 13 livers were extracted from adult human corpses to obtain the ducts: choledochal, common hepatic and cystic. After morphological analysis, duct measurements (length and diameter) were continued using a digital caliper. The data obtained were tabulated in SPSS 21 program, performing descriptive analysis with mean and standard deviation. The averages of bile ducts were 61.05 (± 16.43) mm in length and 3.86 (± 0.72) mm in diameter. The cystic duct length and diameter averages were 33.59 (± 12.29) mm and 3.40 (± 0.79) mm, respectively. The common hepatic ducts had an average of 30.02 (± 7.19) mm in length and 3.74 (± 1.18) mm in diameter. The analyzed samples presented different values ?? from those already described in the literature, where the length of the cystic ducts was greater, while the length of the common hepatic ducts was numerically smaller. This work is very significant, as the morphometric variability of the bile ducts allows for varying morphological situations that can compromise the hepatobiliar physiology.

RESUMEN: Los eventos adversos (EA) contribuyen significativamente a las morbilidades y comorbilidades postoperatorias. Muchos EA se deben a la falta de conocimiento de la anatomía y sus variaciones. Por ejemplo, las lesiones iatrogénicas de las vías biliares representan una complicación quirúrgica grave de la colecistectomía laparoscópica. El conocimiento anatómico para la identificación y drenaje adecuado de todos los conductos es relevante y fundamental para evitar futuros errores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar morfométricamente las vías biliares en cadáveres humanos adultos. Se extrajeron 13 hígados de cadáveres humanos adultos y se retiraron los conductos: colédoco, hepático común y cístico. Después del análisis morfológico, se continuó con las mediciones de los conductos (longitud y diámetro) utilizando un calibrador digital. Los datos fueron tabulados en el programa SPSS 21, mediante análisis descriptivos con media y desviación estándar. Los promedios de las vías biliares fueron de 61,05 (± 16,43) mm de longitud y 3,86 (± 0,72) mm de diámetro. Los promedios de longitud y diámetro del conducto cístico fueron 33,59 (± 12,29) mm y 3,40 (± 0,79) mm, respectivamente. Los conductos hepáticos comunes tenían un promedio de 30,02 (± 7,19) mm de longitud y 3,74 (± 1,18) mm de diámetro. Las muestras analizadas presentaron valores diferentes a los ya descritos en la literatura, donde la longitud de los conductos císticos era mayor, mientras que la longitud de los conductos hepáticos comunes fue numéricamente menor. Este trabajo es significativo, debido a que la variabilidad morfométrica de las vías biliares y permite identificar situaciones morfológicas que pueden comprometer la fisiología hapatobiliar.

Resumo Este estudo descreve um método para identificar canais radiculares acessórios usando o software e-Vol DX em imagens de TCFC. Os canais radiculares acessórios constituem abrigos estratégicos aos micro-organismos presentes nas infecções endodônticas. A identificação destes pequenos canais em exames radiográficos periapicais apresenta limitações, além de apresentar baixa acessibilidade natural a ação dos instrumentos endodônticos e dos agentes antimicrobianos. Os canais acessórios apresentam diâmetros suficientes para ficarem visíveis em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) de alta resolução espacial. Porém, podem passar despercebidos ou até confundidos quando não ocorrer treinamento específico para este tipo de diagnóstico. A metodologia consiste em estabelecer finos slices (0,1 mm ou menor) obtidos a partir de cortes coronal, sagital e axial. O método consiste nos seguintes passos: ao encontrar uma linha hipodensa de um canal radicular principal em um corte tomográfico (axial, sagital ou coronal) deve-se ajustar as linhas de navegação da reconstrução multiplanar (MPR) para que fiquem paralelas ao canal principal e perpendiculares a esta linha hipodensa (correção de paralaxe). A seguir, depois de criterioso ajuste da imagem em busca do canal acessório, aparece invariavelmente como uma linha em um dos cortes tomográficos da MPR, outra linha em outro corte e um ponto no terceiro corte. Os três cortes da MPR apresentam imagens com a sequência linha-linha-ponto. Desta maneira, pode-se identificar um canal acessório e visualizá-lo em reconstrução volumétrica em filtro específico. Esta metodologia é fácil de ser aplicada e pode beneficiar o diagnóstico quando se deseja identificar canais radiculares acessórios e distingui-lo de linha de fratura radicular.

Abstract This study describes a methodology to identify accessory root canals using the e-Vol DX software in CBCT scans. Accessory root canals are strategic shelters for microorganisms present in root canal infections. The identification of these small canals in periapical radiographic exams has limitations, besides being markedly limited accessibility to the action of endodontic instruments and to the antimicrobial agents. A significant number of accessory canals have sufficient diameters to be visible on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of high spatial resolution. Therefore, it may go unnoticed or even confused when there is no specific training for this type of diagnosis. The methodology consists in establishing thin slices (0.1mm or smaller) obtained from coronal, sagittal and axial slices. The method consists of the following steps: during navigation along the long axis of a root canal when finding a possible hypodense line of main root canal in a tomographic section (axial, sagittal or coronal), the navigation software lines of the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) must be adjusted so that they are parallel and perpendicular to the hypodense line (parallax correction). Then, after judiciously adjusted, the accessory canal image will invariably appear as a line on one of the MPR tomographic slices, another line on another slice, and a dot on the third slice. The three sections of the MPR present images with the “line-line-dot” sequence. In this way, it is possible to identify an accessory root canal and also visualize it in volumetric reconstruction in a specific filter. The application of this method is easy to employed and may benefit the diagnosis when you want to visualize accessory root canals and distinguish it from root fracture line.

Abstract Disjunction of the mitral valve annulus is a structural abnormality consisting of an atrial displacement of the articulation point of the mitral valve, leading to an altered spatial relationship between the valve and the adjacent posterior ventricular wall. Studies have shown the relationship between mitral annular disjunction, ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial fibrous degeneration, which increases the risk of sudden death, especially among young women. The case of a 30-year-old woman with no relevant pathological history with frequent palpitations is presented, in whom an increase in ventricular automatism with a progressive increase in the arrhythmic load of up to 20% with a weight of pharmacological management is documented. In a cardiac magnetic resonance, a 15 mm displacement towards the atrium of the mitral leaflets compatible with mitral annular disjunction and late enhancement foci of mesocardial, non-coronary distribution were observed. Given the findings and the persistence of symptoms, an electrophysiological study, 3D mapping, and ablation were performed. Two hyperechoic regions were seen on intracardiac ultrasound, one in the length of the anterior papillary muscle and the other in the mesocardium of the base of the posterior papillary muscle. Both foci related to the morphological sites of interest in which radiofrequency energy was applied. During the procedure presented an episode of ventricular fibrillation. A malignant ventricular extrasystole was considered and therefore a cardio defibrillator was implanted for the secondary prevention of sudden death. The literature was reviewed and the specific pathophysiological relationships between mitral annular disjunction, premature ventricular complexes, and risk of sudden death were analyzed. The role of electrophysiological study and ablation in symptomatic patients refractory to pharmacological treatment is described.

Resumen La disyunción del anillo valvular mitral es una anormalidad estructural que consiste en un desplazamiento auricular del punto de articulación de la válvula mitral, lo que lleva a una relación espacial alterada entre la válvula y la pared ventricular posterior adyacente. Los estudios han demostrado una relación entre la disyunción del anillo mitral, las arritmias ventriculares y la degeneración fibrosa miocárdica, lo que incrementa el riesgo de muerte súbita, en especial en mujeres jóvenes. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 30 años, sin antecedentes relevantes, con palpitaciones frecuentes, en quien se documentó un aumento del automatismo ventricular con incremento progresivo de la carga arrítmica hasta el 20% a pesar del manejo farmacológico. En la resonancia cardiaca se apreció un desplazamiento de 15 mm hacia la aurícula de las valvas de la mitral compatible con disyunción del anillo mitral, además de focos de realce tardío de distribución mesocárdica, no coronariana. Ante los hallazgos y la persistencia de los síntomas, se llevó a estudio electrofisiológico, mapeo 3D y ablación. En la ecografía intracardiaca se apreciaron dos regiones hiperecoicas, en la longitud del músculo papilar anterior y en el mesocardio de la base del músculo papilar posterior; ambos focos relacionados con los sitios morfológicos de interés, en los cuales se aplicó energía de radiofrecuencia. Durante el procedimiento presentó un episodio de fibrilación ventricular que se consideró una extrasistolia ventricular maligna, por lo que se implantó un cardiodesfibrilador para prevención de muerte súbita. Se revisa la literatura y se analizan las relaciones fisiopatológicas existentes entre la disyunción del anillo mitral, los complejos ventriculares prematuros y el riesgo de muerte súbita.

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto de la extrusión del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) sobre la composición química de la pared celular y la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y de la fibra en detergente neutro. Para ello se recolectaron siete muestras (10,0 kg/muestra) del mismo lote, con 51 días de rebrote y se picaron a 2 cm. Tres de estas muestras, tomadas al azar, se procesaron frescas en un extrusor de tornillo cónico girando a 1050 rpm y con salida de 3 mm, mientras que las otras cuatro fueron extruidas en el mismo equipo con salida de 1 mm. En las muestras de pasto crudo y en las de los bagazos procedentes de la extrusión se determinó el contenido de fibra en detergente neutro, fibra en detergente ácido, lignina en detergente ácido, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y digestibilidad in vitro de la fibra en detergente neutro. Se aplicó la prueba de T de Student para analizar el efecto del tipo de tratamiento, tanto entre ellos como respecto al pasto fresco. Los resultados indican que, con relación al pasto fresco, la extrusión generó un bagazo con alto contenido de fibra en detergente neutro, incrementó la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca en 8,81% y la de la digestibilidad in vitro de la fibra en detergente neutro en 20,6%, pero no diferencia con el tamaño de la salida del extrusor (p<0,1). Se concluye que el proceso de extrusión como fue aplicado al pasto maralfalfa en este experimento mejora la digestibilidad de la materiaseca y de la fibra en detergente neutro.

Abstract The effect of extrusion of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum sp) on the chemical composition of the cell wall and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and fiber in neutral detergent was evaluated. Seven samples (10.0 kg/sample) were collected from the same batch, with 51 days of regrowth, and chopped 2 cm. Three of them, taken at random, were processed fresh in a conical screw extruder turning at 1050 rpm and with 3 mm output, while the other four were extruded in the same equipment with 1 mm output. In the samples of raw grass and bagasse from the extrusion, the fibre content in neutral detergent, fibre in acid detergent, lignin in acid detergent, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and in vitro digestibility fibre in neutral detergent were determined. The Student T test was applied to analyze the effect of the type of treatment, both among them and with respect to fresh grass. The results indicate that, with respect to fresh grass, the extrusion generated a bagasse with high fiber content in neutral detergent, increased the in vitro digestibility of dry matter by 8.81 % and that of fiber in neutral detergent by 20.6 %, but did not differ due to the size of the extruder outlet (p<0.1). It is concluded that the extrusion process as applied to maralfalfa grass in this experiment improves the digestibility of dry matter and fiber in neutral detergent.

Resumo Foi avaliado o efeito da extrusão do capim maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) na composição química da parede celular e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro. Sete amostras (10,0 kg/amostra) foram coletadas do mesmo lote, com 51 dias de recrescimento, e picadas 2 cm. Três deles, tomados ao acaso, foram processados frescos em uma extrusora de rosca cônica girando a 1050 rpm e com saída de 3 mm, enquanto os outros quatro foram no mesmo equipamento com saída de 1 mm. Nas amostras do capim fresco e dos bagaços da extrusão, foram determinados o teor de fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, lignina em detergente ácido, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro. O teste T de Student foi aplicado para analisar o efeito do tipo de tratamento, tanto entre eles como em relação ao capim fresco. Os resultados indicam que, em relação ao capim fresco, a extrusão gerou um bagaço com alto teor de fibra em detergente neutro, aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca em 8,81% e a da fibra em detergente neutro em 20,6%, mas não diferiu devido ao tamanho da saída da extrusora (p<0,1). Conclui-se que o processo de extrusão aplicado ao capim-maralfalfa neste experimento melhora a digestibilidade da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro.

Objective: To assess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic according to social vulnerability by areas of Belo Horizonte (BH), aiming at strategies for vaccination. Methods: Ecological study with mortality analysis, according to census tracts classified by the Health Vulnerability Index, a composite indicator that includes socioeconomic and sanitation variables. Deaths due to natural causes and COVID-19 were obtained from the “Mortality Information System”, between the 10th and 43rd epidemiological weeks (EW) of 2020. Excess mortality was calculated by a time series model, considering observed deaths by EW, between 2015 and 2019, for census tracts. Mortality rates (MR) were calculated and age-standardized =using population estimates from 2010 census. Results: Excess mortality in BH was 16.1% (n =1524): 11.0%, 18.8% and 17.3% in the low, intermediate and high vulnerability areas, respectively. The differences between observed and expected age-standardized MR by natural causes were equal to 59/100,000 inhabitants in BH, increasing from 31 to 77 and 95/100,000 inhabitants, in the areas of low, intermediate and high vulnerability, respectively. There was an aging gradient in COVID-19 MR, ranging from 4 to 611/100,000 inhabitants among individuals of 20-39 years and 75+ years. The COVID-19 MR per 100,000 elderly (60+ years) was 292 in BH, increasing from 179 to 354 and 476, in the low, intermediate and high vulnerability areas, respectively. Conclusion: Inequalities in mortality, particularly among the elderly, combined with the limited supply of doses, demonstrate the importance of prioritizing socially vulnerable areas during vaccination against COVID-19.

Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade por áreas de Belo Horizonte (BH) durante a pandemia de COVID-19 conforme vulnerabilidade social, visando estratégia de vacinação. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com análise de mortalidade, segundo setores censitários classificados pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade da Saúde, composto por indicadores de saneamento e socioeconômicos. Óbitos por causas naturais e COVID-19 foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, entre a 10ª e 43ª semana epidemiológica (SE) de 2020. Calculou-se o excesso de mortalidade por modelo de série temporal, considerando as mortes observadas por SE, entre 2015 e 2019, por setor censitário. Taxas de mortalidade (TM) foram calculadas e padronizadas por idade a partir de estimativas populacionais do IBGE. Resultados: Houve 16,1% (n=1524) de excesso de mortalidade em BH: 11,0%, 18,8% e 17,3% nas áreas de baixa, média e elevada vulnerabilidade, respectivamente. As diferenças entre TM observadas e esperadas por causas naturais, padronizadas por idade, foi igual a 59/100.000 habitantes em BH, aumentando de 31 para 77 e 95/100.000, nas áreas de baixa, média e elevada vulnerabilidade, respectivamente. Houve gradiente de aumento com a idade nas TM por COVID-19, variando de 4 a 611/100.000 habitantes entre as idades de 20-39 anos e 75+ anos. A TM por COVID-19 por 100.000 idosos (60+ anos) foi igual a 292, aumentando de 179 para 354 e 476, nos setores de baixa, média e elevada vulnerabilidade, respectivamente. Conclusão: Desigualdades na mortalidade, mesmo entre idosos, aliadas à baixa oferta de doses, demonstram importância de priorizar áreas socialmente vulneráveis durante a vacinação contra COVID-19.

Resumo Introdução Indivíduos com pré-diabetes apresentam níveis glicêmicos alterados, geralmente são assintomáticos e apresentam risco aumentado para desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de indivíduos periodontais com hiperglicemia não diagnosticada e os fatores de impacto associados. Material e método Cinquenta e seis pacientes com periodontite e sem autorrelato de diabetes, usuários de serviços de clínica odontológica da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora foram incluídos nesta pesquisa, durante um ano e meio de avaliação experimental. Foram avaliados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, padrões antropométricos, glicemia capilar de jejum e exame periodontal completo (seis sítios por dente). Resultado A amostra foi composta por 58,9% do sexo feminino, média de idade de 53 anos, 58,9% obesidade / sobrepeso e 45,3% com baixa escolaridade. Um total de 28,6% (n=16) participantes tinham hiperglicemia não diagnosticada (entre 100 a 160 mm / dL), dos quais 81,3% eram obesos / com sobrepeso, 25% eram fumantes, 56,3% relataram ter histórico de diabetes na família, 93,8% tinham renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos brasileiros. Os valores de IMC foram maiores no grupo de pacientes com hiperglicemia (29,8 ± 5,7, p = 0,03) em comparação ao grupo sem hiperglicemia (26,6 ± 5,6). Pacientes com hiperglicemia apresentaram maior número de sítios com perda clínica de inserção (CAL) entre 4 e 6 mm (p = 0,04) quando comparados ao grupo normoglicêmico. Conclusão A perda de inserção de CAL não diagnosticada entre 4 e 6 mm devido à periodontite do que indivíduos normoglicêmicos.

Abstract Introduction Individuals with pre-diabetes have altered glycemic levels, are generally asymptomatic, and are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective Identify the prevalence of periodontal individuals with undiagnosed hyperglycemia and associated impact factors. Material and method Fifty-six patients with periodontitis and without diabetes self-report, users of dental clinic services at Federal University of Juiz de Fora were included in this research, during one year and a half of experimental evaluation. Socioeconomic and demographic data, anthropometric patterns, fasting capillary blood glucose, and complete periodontal examination (six sites per tooth) were evaluated. Result The sample consisted of 58.9% female, mean age 53 years old, 58.9% obese/overweight and 45.3% had a low level of education. A total of 28.6% (n=16) participants had undiagnosed hyperglycemia (between 100 to 160 mm / dL), of which 81.3% were obese/overweight, 25% were smokers, 56.3% reported having a history of diabetes in the family, 93.8% had a family income up to 2 brazilian´s minimum wages. BMI values were higher in the group of patients with hyperglycemia (29.8 ± 5.7, p = 0.03) compared to the group without hyperglycemia (26.6 ± 5.6). Patients with hyperglycemia had a greater number of sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) between 4 and 6 mm (p = 0.04) when compared with the normoglycemic group. Conclusion Undiagnosed CAL attachment loss between 4 and 6 mm due to periodontitis than normoglycemic individuals.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen diferentes sistemas de graduación para interpretar la biopsia de glándula salival menor (BGSM) en pacientes con síntomas secos. En la actualidad la metodología recomendada (Focus Score [FS]), aunque no se emplea de forma rutinaria, conlleva discrepancias diagnósticas. Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia de la lectura histopatológica de BGSM entre las técnicas FS y Chisholm Mason (CM) para el diagnóstico de sialoadenitis linfocítica focal en el hospital de San José, entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2018. Métodos: Estudio de concordancia. Se incluyeron BGSM de pacientes con síntomas secos. Se excluyó material no apto para el estudio, o con menos de 4 lóbulos o menos de 8 mm de área. Se clasificaron utilizando las técnicas FS y CM por 2 evaluadores independientes. Se evaluó el acuerdo interobservador, intraobsevador y global entre las pruebas mediante el coeficiente de Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: Se evaluaron 130 biopsias. Los valores K intraobservador entre FS y CM fueron 0,42 para el observador 1 y 0,23 para el observador 2. Los valores K del acuerdo interobservador fueron 0,47 para FS y 0,65 para CM. La concordancia entre los 2 sistemas de puntuación fue K de 0,13. Conclusiones: Se evidencia una probable sobreestimación de focos con CM, que resalta sus debilidades, y mayor precisión con FS. Por ende, la concordancia entre las 2 pruebas es débil. Es necesario un mayor esfuerzo para el uso del método estandarizado de lectura de BGSM con el FS para una correcta interpretación y beneficio en la clasificación de pacientes con síndrome seco.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are different grading systems for interpreting the minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) in patients with dry symptoms (Sicca). The recommended methodology is currently the Focus Score (FS), which, although not performed routinely, results in diagnostic discrepancies. Objective: To determine the concordance of the histopathological reading of MSGB between the FS and Chisholm Mason (CM) techniques for diagnosis of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis at the San José Hospital between January 2017 and June 2018. Methods: Concordance study. MSGB of patients with sicca symptoms were included. Material not suitable for study and / or with less than 4 lobules and / or less than 8 mm of surface area was excluded. They were classified, using the FS and CM techniques, by two independent evaluators. The inter-observer, intra-observer, and overall agreement between the tests were evaluated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: A total of 130 biopsies were evaluated. The intra-observer K values between FS and CM were 0.42 for observer 1, and 0.23 for observer 2. The K values of the inter-observer agreement were 0.47 for FS, and 0.65 for CM. The concordance between the two scoring systems was K = 0.13. Conclusions: There is evidence of a probable over-estimation of foci with CM, highlighting its weaknesses and greater precision with FS technique, resulting in the weak concordance between the two tests. A greater effort is necessary for the use of the standardised MSGB FS reading method for a correct interpretation and benefit in the classification of patients with dry syndrome.

Resumo O trabalho realizou se no serradiço San Justo, pertence à Empresa Agroflorestal Guantánamo, de setembro de 2018 até abril de 2019, com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento e calidade dimensional da madeira serrada de Samanea saman Jacq. Analisou se a calidade da matéria prima, e também determinou se o rendimento da calidade dimensional da madeira serrada. Obtém se como resultado, um rendimento de 52,8 %, influenciado pela calidade da matéria prima, os diâmetros, longitude e conicidade das troças, sendo processadas depois e obtendo-se delas, surtidos de 25 e 50 mm por acima das dimensões preestabelecidas, embora de que não tenha sido o suficiente para a contrapartida das perdas de volumem devido à contração e variação do serrado que ocorrem entre e dentro das peças, pelo que devem ter se em conta as condições técnicas das maquinarias e a habilidade dos assistentes técnicos.

Abstract The study was carried out in the San Justo sawmill belonging to the Guantanamo Agroforestry Enterprise from September 2018 to April 2019, with the objective of evaluating the yield and dimensional quality of the Samanea saman Jacq. sawn timber. The quality of the raw material was analyzed, and the yield and dimensional quality of the sawn timber was determined. A yield of 52.8 % was obtained, where the quality of the raw material, the diameters, length and conicity of the logs influenced. The logs are processed and assortments of 25 and 50 mm above the pre-established dimensions are obtained, although not enough to compensate for the volume losses due to the contraction and sawing variation that occur between and within the pieces, so the technical conditions of the machinery and the skill of the technical personnel must be taken into account.

Resumen El trabajo se realizó en el aserrío San Justo perteneciente a la Empresa Agroforestal Guantánamo de septiembre de 2018 a abril de 2019, con el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento y calidad dimensional de la madera aserrada de Samanea saman Jacq. Se analizó la calidad de la materia prima, se determinó el rendimiento y la calidad dimensional de la madera aserrada. Se obtuvo un rendimiento de 52,8 %, donde influyó la calidad de la materia prima, los diámetros, longitud y conicidad de las trozas. Las trozas son procesadas y se obtienen surtidos de 25 y 50 mm por encima de las dimensiones preestablecidas, aunque no lo suficiente para compensar las pérdidas de volumen debido a la contracción y a la variación de aserrado que ocurren entre y dentro las piezas, por lo que se debe tener en cuenta las condiciones técnicas de las maquinarias y la habilidad del personal técnico.

Resumen La enfermedad por COVID-19 fue detectada a finales de 2019 en Wuhan, China. Debido a su rápida propagación fue declarada emergencia sanitaria de forma inicial y luego de identificar casos fuera de China con transmisión autóctona y caracterizado por una mortalidad considerablemente alta en países como Italia y España, fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se ha evidenciado que los pacientes mayores y con antecedentes de enfermedades crónicas incluido el cáncer desarrollan una enfermedad severa, presentando mayor riesgo de mortalidad por SARS-CoV2/ COVID-19. Lo anterior es por supuesto especialmente importante en el manejo de pacientes con Mieloma Múltiple (MM), generando en el personal Médico nuevos desafíos, oportunidades de mejora y aprendizajes, que aporten al análisis riesgo-beneficio del tratamiento inmunodepresor en este tipo de patologías. El consenso tiene como objetivo brindar orientación sobre el manejo de pacientes con MM en estos momentos donde el profesional de la salud requiere información para llevar a cabo terapias eficientes en el cuidado del paciente.

Abstract COVID-19 disease was detected in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Due to its rapid spread, it was initially declared a health emergency, but after cases with indigenous transmission were identified outside China, characterized by considerably high mortality in countries such as Italy and Spain, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It has been shown that elderly patients with a history of chronic diseases, including cancer, develop a severe disease, presenting a higher risk of mortality from SARS-CoV2 / COVID-19. This becomes especially important in the management of patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), generating new challenges, opportunities for improvement and learning opportunities in the health professionals, which will contribute to the risk-benefit analysis of immunosuppressive treatment for this type of pathology. The consensus aims to provide guidance for the management of patients with MM in these times when the health professional requires information to deliver efficient therapies in patient care.

RESUMO A palmeira ruderal babaçu (Attalea speciosa) se expande em grandes áreas da Amazônia já desmatada e degradada. A decomposição é chave na dinâmica sucessional e nas interações planta:solo. Avaliamos decomposição e concentração de nutrientes de folhas e raízes finas de babaçu e de duas espécies exóticas de referência, Acacia mangium (decomposição lenta) e Leucaena leucocephala (decomposição rápida), em capoeiras de diferente idade e grau de dominância de babaçu usando litterbags durante 138 dias. Usamos litterbags com malha de 4 mm em vez de 2 mm, com base em um estudo-piloto. As folhas de babaçu se decompuseram mais lentamente que as de A. mangium e L. leucocephala, e apresentaram concentrações mais baixas de nitrogênio, fósforo e cálcio em todos os estágios de decomposição. Em contraste, a concentração de potássio em folhas de babaçu foi mais alta que nas espécies de referência aos 0 e 50 dias. Raízes se decompuseram mais lentamente que folhas nas três espécies. Tanto a perda de massa, como a concentração de nutrientes diferiram menos entre as raízes que entre as folhas de babaçu e as espécies de referência, exceto a concentração de nitrogênio nas raízes de babaçu. A decomposição foliar das três espécies foi significantemente mais rápida em capoeira velha que em capoeira jovem, sugerindo uma aceleração da decomposição ao longo dos estágios sucessionais. A decomposição foliar do babaçu foi mais rápida em capoeira velha com alta dominância de babaçu que em capoeira velha com baixa dominância, apontando para a existência de comunidades especializadas de decompositores em áreas dominadas por babaçu.

ABSTRACT The ruderal babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) is expanding on large areas of degraded Amazon landscapes. Decomposition of leaves and roots is in the center of plant:soil interactions. We evaluated decomposition and nutrient concentrations of leaves and fine roots of babassu in comparison with two exotic reference species, Acacia mangium (slow degradability) and Leucaena leucocephala (fast degradability), in a 138-day litterbag assay carried out in secondary forest stands of different age and babassu abundance. We chose 4-mm over 2-mm mesh litterbags based on a pilot study. Babassu leaves degraded slower than leaves of A. mangium and L. leucocephala, and also had lower nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium concentrations in all stages of decomposition. By contrast, potassium concentrations in babassu leaves were higher than in both reference species at 0 and 50 days. Roots of all three species decomposed slower than leaves. Compared to the leaves, both biomass loss and nutrient concentrations differed less between babassu and reference-species roots, except for lower nitrogen concentration in babassu roots. Leaf-litter decomposition of all three species was significantly faster in old than in young secondary forest, suggesting an acceleration of decomposition along succession. Babassu leaves decomposed faster in old babassu-dominated than non-dominated secondary forest, pointing to the existence of specialized decomposer communities in babassu-dominated stands.

ABSTRACT In the Orthoptera of the superfamily Tettigonioidea acoustic signals are of special interest since they play an important role in the process of pair formation and are directly involved in intraspecific male-female recognition. The calling signal usually allows the male to attract individuals of the opposite sex at short or long distance. In this work, we present the acoustic signal of Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) and provide a brief redescription of this species, in particular of the female not formally described previously. Specimens of G. (G.) munda were collected in San Felipe Orizatlán, (1♂: 1♀; 27.XI.2017) and Ixcatlán, Huejutla de Reyes (2♂: 2♀; 22.I.2013), Hidalgo, México. G. (G.) mexicana was collected in Ciudad del Maíz, San Luis Potosí (1♀; 19.VII.2003). Males produce the calling acoustic signal mainly at night, and it is composed of paired-echemes. The acoustic signal may be produced uninterruptedly for long periods, 1 h or more. Males of G. (G.) munda produce 6.0 ± 0.9 (s.d) echemes per minute (n=30 min; three males, 10 min each). Duration per paired-echeme is 3.97 ± (s.d) 1.2 s (2.7-8.0 s) (n=30 echemes). Frequency analysis showed the highest energy release between 16-40 kHz, with a fi peak in the range of 20-38 kHz. The female is similar to the male, but more robust. The general body color is olive-green, with cream spots and brown marks. The average length is 32.7 ± 1.5 mm (n=3). The ecosystem this species lives on is tropical evergreen and oak forest; it is found usually on the foliage or trunk of trees. During the day, adults remain quiet and hidden, being active at night.

RESUMEN En los ortópteros de la superfamilia Tettigonioidea las señales acústicas son de especial interés, ya que juegan un papel importante en el apareamiento y están involucradas en el reconocimiento intraespecífico macho-hembra. La señal acústica de llamado permite al macho atraer individuos del sexo opuesto a corta o larga distancia. En este trabajo se presenta la señal acústica de llamado de Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) y se hace una breve redescripción de esta especie, en particular de la hembra, no descrita previamente. Ejemplares de G. (G.) munda se recolectaron en San Felipe Orizatlán (1♂: 1♀; 27.XI.2017) e Ixcatlán, Huejutla de Reyes (2♂: 2♀; 22.I.2013), Hidalgo, México. G. (G.) mexicana se recolectó en Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí (1♀; 19.VII.2003). Los machos producen la señal acústica de llamado principalmente durante la noche y está compuesta por pares de equemas que se emiten ininterrumpidamente por periodos de una hora o más. Machos de G. (G.) munda producen 6.0 ± 0.9 (d.e) equemas/min (n=30 min; tres machos, 10 min cada uno). La duración por equema-par es de 3.97 ± (d.e) 1.2 s (2.7-8.0 s) (n=30 equemas-pares). El análisis de frecuencia muestra la mayor liberación de energía de 16-40 kHz, con una fi pico de 20-38 kHz. La hembra es similar al macho, pero más robusta. El color general del cuerpo es verde oliváceo con matices color crema y manchas marrón obscuro. La longitud es de 32.7 ± 1.5 mm (n=3). Esta especie habita selva mediana y bosque de encino, se encuentra generalmente sobre la copa o el tronco de los árboles. Durante el día permanecen quietos y ocultos, siendo activos por la noche.

Abstract Resistance Seam Welding (RSEW) is commonly used in continuous steel processing for joining steel coils. Experimental studies focused on the welding process quality controls are justified by their wide application and influence on the performance of steelmaking processes. The present study focuses on the continuous annealing line welding process using as sample, a low carbon steel (0.07%C) with 0.21 mm thickness. The work proposes a correlation of thermal input, electric current parameter and thermogram monitoring during RSEW procedures. A methodology was developed to determine the real thermal profiles values by means of association of the thermograms with the sample emissivity curve. Three heat input levels were used, 3.64 J.mm-1, 5.09 J.mm-1, and 6.38 J.mm-1, respectively, for typical C-Mn steel. The thermal welding profile obtained experimentally exhibited linear correlation coefficients (R) of 0.99 with the electric current welding parameter and (R) of 0.99 with the calculated thermal input, respectively. The welds metallurgical characterizations results, expressed through the ductility and welds nuggets analysis, were conducted to correlate the welds quality with the welding thermal input. The Erichsen cupping test showed that the higher the thermal input corresponds to higher ductility of the welds. Nevertheless, the heat input of 5.09 J.mm-1 indicated better-balanced properties: ductility, weld nugget discontinuity, nugget size, and no expulsion of the melt material.