ABSTRACT Under two different irrigation conditions, yield of ten Cubans cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were evaluated with the objective of evaluating different drought tolerance indices based on multivariate analysis in such a way that contribute to the interpretation of its effectiveness to discriminate tolerance variety to drought. The experimental design was completely randomized and four replications, grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions was evaluated and used to calculate stress indices: tolerance indice (TOL), stress susceptibility indice (SSI), geometric mean production (MPG), mean production (MP), stress tolerance indice (STI), drought resistance indice (DI), relative drought indice (RDI), sensitivity drought indice (SDI) and abiotic tolerance indice (ATI), principal component, cluster, correlation and descriptive analysis between grain yield in both conditions were calculated. In this study softly demonstrated that each indice contribute to identify variety with drought tolerance, and multivariate analysis contribute to interpreter of indices effectiveness, and it is advisable to combine the multivariate analysis and use several índices, due to difference in occasion of the results obtained in the discrimination of variety to drought

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar diferentes índices de tolerancia a la sequía mediante análisis multivariado para contribuir a la interpretación de la efectividad de estos índices en discriminar variedades tolerantes a la sequía, se evaluó el rendimiento de diez cultivares cubanos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), bajo dos regímenes de riego. El experimento se condujo bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, y en la cosecha, los rendimientos de ambos tratamientos de riego se utilizaron para el cálculo de los índices de estrés: índice de tolerancia (TOL ), índice de susceptibilidad a la sequía (SSI), productividad geométrica media (MPG), productividad media (MP), índice de tolerancia a la sequía (STI), índice de resistencia a la sequía (DI), índice relativo de sequía (RDI), índice de sensibilidad a la sequía (SDI), e índice de tolerancia abiótica (ATI), a los que se le realizaron análisis de componentes principales, de clúster, correlación y descriptivos. Se demostró que cada índice contribuye a identificar variedades tolerantes a la sequía, y el análisis multivariado aplicado a los mismos, contribuye a la interpretación de su efectividad, pero es recomendable, por las diferencias observadas en ocasiones en los resultados obtenidos en la discriminación de las variedades con los índices utilizados, combinar los análisis estadísticos multivariados, además de utilizar en el estudio, varios de estos índices de tolerancia

Dos saponinas triterpénicas de tipo 13,28-epoxi-oleanano (1) y (2), han sido aisladas a partir del extracto etanólico al 95% de las raíces de Myrsine coriaceae y Myrsine andina. Las estructuras fueron establecidas mediante la combinación de técnicas espectrales y evidencias químicas con datos reportados en la literatura. Los compuestos 1 y 2 fueron evaluados con ensayos biológicos in vitro frente a diferentes modelos celulares, tales como Mycobacterium tuberculosis, amastigotes axénicos de Leishmania amazonensis , macrófagos extraídos del peritoneo de ratón, seis líneas celulares de cáncer humano (Hs683, T98G, U251, HT29, MCF7, SKMEL28) y dos líneas de células murinas (CT26 y B16F10). El compuesto 1 mostró una buena actividad antileishmania (IC50 = 16 µg/mL) mientras que el compuesto 2 no mostró actividad alguna (IC50> 50 µg/mL). Por otra parte, el compuesto 1 mostró una mayor actividad de inhibición de las células cancerosas humanas (IC50 = 15 µg/mL) y en líneas celulares de ratón (IC50 = 10 µg/mL) que el compuesto 2 (IC50> 82 y 42 µg/mL, respectivamente). Como la única diferencia entre 1 y 2 se debe a una sustitución de un grupo aldehído por un grupo hidroximetilo, estos resultados demuestran el papel esencial de la función aldehído en C-30 para la citotoxicidad. En contraste, ninguno de los compuestos ensayados reveló actividad frente a M. tuberculosis.

Two known 13,28-epoxy-oleanane triterpene saponins (1) and (2), were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of the roots of Myrsine coriaceae and Myrsine andina. Their structures were deduced by combined spectral analysis and chemical evidences based on data reported in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated in vitro against different cellular models such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes, six human cancer cell lines (Hs683, T98G, U251, HT29, MCF7, SKMEL28) and two murine cell lines (CT26 and B16F10). Compound 1 was found to exhibit antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 16 µg/mL) whereas compound 2 was inactive (IC50 > 50 µg/mL). Furthermore, compound 1 exhibited stronger inhibition activity on human cancer cells (IC50 = 15 µg/mL) and on murine cell lines (IC50 = 10 µg/mL) than compound 2 (IC50 > 82 and 42 µg/mL, respectively). As the only difference between 1 and 2 is due to a substitution of an aldehyde group by a hydroxymethyl moiety, these results showed the crucial role of the aldehyde function at C-30 for the cytotoxicity. In contrast, none of the tested compounds revealed activity against M. tuberculosis.

A expressão "fazer de sua vida uma obra" tornou-se um slogan que necessita ser questionado. Com efeito, se lembrarmos a distinção aristotélica entre ação e produção, práxis e poiese, não se trataria de uma confusão de categorias? Podemos conceber a vida como um modo de produção? Se for de fato uma produção artística, o que significa então pensar a vida sob uma modalidade estética? Não seríamos levados a explicitar as tensões que não deixam de se manifestar entre estética, ética e moral? Enfim, "fazer uma obra de sua vida" supõe antes de tudo desdobrá-la sob a forma de narrativa para poder avaliar o que nos conduz a explorar - na direção de Paul Ricoeur (1984; 1985) - os dilemas da escrita de si.

The phrase "to make of one's life a work of art" has become a slogan. It is time to put it into question. If one goes back to Aristotle's distinction between action and production, praxis and poiesis, then this phrase will sound like a category mix up. Can we think of life in terms of production? And if the production implied is the artistic one, what does it mean to think of life from an aesthetic point of view? Isn't one led to examine the tensions arising between aesthetics ethics and moral? Finally, "to make of one's life a work of art" entails that life should be first made the object of a narrative form in order to be evaluated: this is the reason why we are led - following here Paul Ricoeur (1984-1985)- to examine the dilemmas raised by the writing of the self.

L'expression «faire de sa vie une œuvre» est devenue un slogan qu'il faut interroger. En effet, si l'on se souvient de la distinction aristotélicienne entre action et production, praxis et poiesis, ne s'agit-il pas d'une confusion de catégories ? Peut-on concevoir la vie sur le mode de la production ? S'il s'agit bien d'une production artistique, que signifie ici penser la vie sous une modalité esthétique ? N'est-on pas emmené à expliciter les tensions qui ne manquent pas de se manifester entre esthétique, éthique et morale ? Enfin, « faire oeuvre de sa vie » suppose d'abord de la déployer sous forme de récit pour pouvoir l'évaluer ce qui nous conduit à explorer - à la suite de Paul Ricoeur (1984, 1985) - les dilemmes de l'écriture de soi.

A mobilidade eletroforética dos ADNs heteroduplexes foi usada para determinar a diversidade genômica entre isolados africanos dos fitoplasmas do amarelecimento letal dos coqueiros que causam as doenças denominadas, Cape St. Paul wilt disease (CSPD, Gana), lethal disease (LD, Tanzânia) e o lethal yellowing (LYM, Moçambique). Eles foram também comparados com o fitoplasma do Caribe que causa o Coconut lethal yellowing (LY). Fragmentos de ADN de 1850 pb, cobrindo a região do 16S rRNA e a região intergênica 16S-23S rRNA, de cada isolado, foram amplificados com os primers universais P1/P7 e submetidos a análise por HMA. Um produto de PCR amplificado a partir de ADN obtido do isolado GH5D, CSPD-Ghana, foi usado como referência e combinado com cada um dos produtos PCR dos outros isolados e submetidos à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Três grupos de fitoplasmas associados a várias doenças de amarelecimento letal de coqueiros foram identificados por HMAAs amostras de Moçambique (LYM) e Ghana (CSPD) formam um grupo que difere do segundo grupo, LD da Tanzânia. Esses dois grupos são diferentes do terceiro grupo formado pelos isolados do Caribe. Esses resultados foram consistentes com aqueles que demonstraram a diversidade genética para o complexo do LY através de clonagem, seqüenciamento e análises filogenéticas. A técnica de HMA demonstrou ser um método simples e rápido para identificar e estabelecer a diversidade de isolados dentro do grupo das doenças do amarelecimento letal dos coqueiros.

Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was used to determine genomic diversity among African isolates of coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasmas causing Cape St. Paul wilt disease (CSPD, Ghana), lethal disease (LD, Tanzania), and lethal yellowing (LYM, Mozambique). They were also compared to the Caribbean phytoplasma associated with coconut lethal yellowing (LY). A DNA fragment of 1850 bp covering the 16S rRNA gene and 16/23S intergenic spacer region of each isolate was amplified with primers P1 and P7 and subsequently submitted to HMA analysis for sequence variation. A PCR product amplified from GH5D (CSPD isolate) as a reference was combined with each PCR product and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Three groups of phytoplasmas associated with various coconut lethal yellowing diseases were identified by HMA. The samples from Mozambique (LYM) and Ghana (CSPD) formed one group, which was different from the second group, LD from Tanzania. These two groups were different from the third group of Caribbean isolates. This grouping was consistent with the genetic diversity described in the coconut yellowing-associated phytoplasmas detected after cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The HMA technique described here has the potential to provide a simple and rapid means to identify and to establish the diversity of isolates within the coconut lethal yellowing disease group.