Abstract BRS Rendeira and BRS Progresso are cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars with tolerance to post-harvest deterioration and high mean yields of fresh root (31.1 and 27.9 t ha-1) and starch (8.9 and 8.1 t ha-1) in annual production cycles. Both new varieties are recommended for the flour and starch industry.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas phaseoli p v. manihotis (Xpm) from eight populations from five cassava producing states in Brazil, through the rep-PCR (BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers. Cassava leaves with symptoms of cassava bacterial blight were collected in eight municipalities, and the Xpm isolates were identified by amplification with primers specific for these isolates. The identity of the Xpm isolates was confirmed with the BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR, and VNTR markers. The observed selection pressure, together with the mode of reproduction and the mechanisms that increase genetic variability, allows of the pathogen populations to adapt according to microclimate variation, contributing to a differentiated reproductive success. ERIC-PCR and VNTRs are the best markers for evaluating the genetic variability in the eight studied Xpm populations. However, ERIC-PCR is the marker that best separated the groups by population and presented a higher similarity between the isolates of the same population. The study of the genetic diversity of Xpm is key to improve disease monitoring and management strategies in cassava crops.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de Xa nthomona s phaseoli p v . ma nihot i s (Xpm) de oito populações de cinco estados produtores de mandioca no Brasil, por meio de marcadores rep-PCR (BOX-PCR e ERIC-PCR) e variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs). Folhas de mandioca com sintomas de crestamento bacteriano foram coletadas em oito municípios, e os isolados Xpm foram identificados por amplificação com iniciadores específicos para esses isolados. A identidade dos isolados Xmp foi confirmada com os marcadores BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR e VNTRs. A pressão de seleção observada, junto com o modo de reprodução e os mecanismos que aumentam a variabilidade genética, permite que as populações do patógeno se adaptem de acordo com a variação dos microclimas, o que contribui para o sucesso reprodutivo diferenciado. ERIC-PCR e VNTRs são os melhores marcadores para avaliar a variabilidade genética das oito populações Xpm estudadas. No entanto, ERIC-PCR é o marcador que melhor separou os grupos por população e apresentou maior similaridade entre os isolados de uma mesma população. O estudo da diversidade genética de Xpm é fundamental para delinear estratégias de manejo e monitoramento de doenças na cultura da mandioca.

Abstract To meet the demands of the production chain, breeding programs need to reduce the time for selection and development of higher yielding maize genotypes. This involves application of new strategies, such as the use of the doubled haploid lines. We evaluated the use of stomatal area and density in distinguishing doubled haploids (DH) from false positive (FP) plants derived from nine tropical source populations. We selected four DH plants and two FP plants for identification of DH through leaf anatomy in the populations, in each group. Data on stomatal area and density were considered in a completely randomized model in a factorial scheme (populations and genotypes) and analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood. There were statistically significant effects of populations and genotypes for both traits. For stomatal density, the population by genotype interaction was not verified. Stomatal density proved to be efficient for distinguishing DH and FP for use in selection of doubled haploids.

Abstract Introduction: The present study intends to systematically review the literature on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The research was carried out according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Studies were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS databases between December 2019 and May 17 2020, using the descriptors "ECMO AND COVID-19", "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation AND COVID-19", "ECLS AND COVID-19", and "Extracorporeal Life Support AND COVID-19". Exclusion criteria were government epidemiological bulletins, comments, literature reviews, and articles without full access to content. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three scientific productions were found, however only 18 did not met the exclusion criteria and could be included in this study, amouting to a total of 911 patients - 624 (68.5%) men, 261 (28.6%) women, and 26 (2.8%) without sex information. The mean age of the patients was 53.7 years. ECMO was necessary in 274 (30.1%) people (200 [73%] submitted to veno-venous ECMO, nine [3.3%] to veno-arterial ECMO, and seven [2.5%] moved between these two types or needed a more specific ECMO according to the disease prognosis). Five studies did not specify the type of ECMO used, amounting 57 (20.8%) patients. Five patients (1.8%) were discharged, 77 (28.1%) died, 125 (45.6%) remained hospitalized until publication time of their respective studies, and 67 patients (24.4%) had no outcome information. Conclusion: It is evident that more research, covering larger populations, must be carried out in order to clearly elucidate the role of ECMO in the treatment of COVID-19.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in exon 1 (A/O alleles) and promoter regions at positions -550 (H/L variant, rs11003125) and -221 (X/Y variant, rs7096206) MBL2 and periportal fibrosis regression. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 114 Brazilians infected with Schistosoma mansoni, who were subjected to follow-up for three years after specific treatment for schistosomiasis to estimate the probability of periportal fibrosis regression. RESULTS: A risk association was observed between polymorphism at the exon 1 MBL2 and periportal fibrosis regression. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the polymorphism of exon 1 MBL2 may potentially be used to predict periportal fibrosis regression in this population.

ABSTRACT The iron concentration (FeC) and zinc concentration (ZnC) in common bean grain are quantitative traits, and appropriate breeding techniques are required to achieve genetic gain. The aim of this study was to obtain a recurrent selection population of black bean to increase the FeC and ZnC in the grain and to select the superior progenies for formation of the next cycle and obtain lines. The base population was formed by crosses among ten parents. A total of 351 progenies were obtained, and, after two generations of selection, the 27 best progenies were evaluated in two field trials for FeC, ZnC, 100 seed weight and yield. Analyses of variance were carried out and genetic parameters were estimated. The heritability estimates ranged from 59 to 94% for the four traits. The estimates of expected gain from direct selection for each trait (3 to 21%) and simultaneous selection (1 to 4%) indicate success from selection. The eight progenies, selected based on simultaneous selection, have superior mean values, including to those of ‘BRS Supremo’ (10% for FeC, 8% for ZnC, 5% for 100 seed weight and 3.8% for yield), the Brazilian black bean cultivar with the highest FeC and ZnC. The recurrent selection population shows high genetic variability and potential for obtaining lines superior to the cultivars currently on the market, allying high agronomic performance and high FeC and ZnC in the grain. Furthermore, this population shows potential for generating a new recurrent selection cycle, from recombination of the eight superior progenies.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.

Abstract The new cassava variety ‘BRS Novo Horizonte’ was developed and released in Bahia, Brazil for industrial use, particularly for starch production. The fresh and dry root yields were 39% and 44% higher, respectively, than those of local varieties. The root quality traits allowed the extraction of high-quality starch. The variety is also adapted for mechanized cropping systems.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze walking speed as a predictor of functional disability (FD) in the elderly. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out in a Municipality of the State of Bahia, in the Northeastern Region of Brazil, with a probabilistic sample of 310 elderly people with an average age of 71.62 (SD = 8.15) years old, enrolled in the Family Health Units of the municipality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and the criterion discriminating the walking speed of 2.44 m (seconds) for functional disability was determined. The walking times that best discriminated the FD were ≥12.83 seconds for men and ≥10.77 seconds for women. It was concluded that walking speed has a good ability to discriminate the FD in the elderly and it can be used in the gerontological evaluation and in the survey of the health conditions of the elderly.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a velocidade de caminhada como preditora da incapacidade funcional (IF) em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, realizado em um município do Estado da Bahia, região nordeste do Brasil com amostra probabilística de 310 idosos com média de idade de 71.62 (DP= 8.15) anos, cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município. Foram construídas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) e determinado o critério discriminador da velocidade de caminhada de 2.44 m (segundos) para incapacidade funcional. Os tempos de caminhada que melhor discriminam a IF foram de ≥12,83 segundos para os homens e ≥10,77 segundos para mulheres. Conclui-se que a velocidade de caminhada tem boa capacidade de discriminar a IF em idosos e pode ser utilizada na avaliação gerontológica e em levantamento das condições de saúde dos idosos.

Resumen Introducción: la especie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comúnmente llamada "cidreira do campo", tiene múltiples propiedades biológicas, como ser insecticida, antifúngica y antiinflamatoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la actividad moduladora del aceite esencial de las hojas frescas de Hyptis martiusii en asociación con diferentes antibióticos contra las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y evaluar la actividad citotóxica de la especie. Materiales y métodos: el estudio utilizó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) como una forma de evaluar la modulación con una inoculación de 100 microlitros de cada cepa bacteriana. Las pruebas de citotoxicidad se realizaron mediante cultivo in vitro de células de tejido conectivo de ratón (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: la investigación demostró que el aceite esencial de las hojas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presenta sinergismo solo en asociación con los antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra las bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. Sin embargo, presenta antagonismo en asociación con amikacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra las tres bacterias estudiadas. Además de la ciprofloxacina, no demostró resultados relevantes. En relación con la actividad citotóxica, la concentración letal media (CL50) exhibió un valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusión: finalmente, se reveló que la H. martiusii presenta actividad citotóxica sinérgica contra las bacterias evaluadas.

Abstract Introduction: The species Hyptis martiusii Benth. commonly called "cidreira do campo" has multiple biological properties, such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulating activity of the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Hyptis martiusii in association with different antibiotics against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as also the cytotoxic activity of this species. Materials and methods: The study used the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as a way of assessing the modulation using an inoculation of 100 microliters of each bacterial strain. The cytotoxicity tests were conducted using in vitro culture of mouse connective tissue cells (fibroblasts of mammals). Results: The research demonstrated that the essential oil from leaves of Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presented synergism only when associated with the antibiotics gentamicin and imipenem against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, it presented antagonism in association with amikacin, gentamicin and imipenem against the three studied bacteria. In addition to the ciprofloxacin showed no relevant results. In relation to the cytotoxic activity the lethal concentration (LC50) exhibited a value of 263.12 [ig/ml. Conclusion: Ultimately it was established, that H. Martiusii presents a synergistic cytotoxic activity against the evaluated bacteria.

Resumo Introdução: a espécie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comumente chamada de "cidrera del campo", têm múltiplas propriedades biológicas, como ser inseticida, antifúngica e anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade moduladora do óleo essencial das folhas frescas de Hyptis martiusii em associação com diferentes antibióticos contra as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e avaliar a atividade citotóxica da espécie. Materiais e métodos: o estudo utilizou a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como uma forma de avaliar a modulação com uma inoculação de 100 microlitros de cada estirpe bacteriana. As provas de citotoxicidade se realizaram mediante cultivo in vitro de células do tecido conectivo de camundongo (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: a pesquisa demonstrou que o óleo essencial das folhas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) apresenta sinergismo só em associação com os antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra as bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. No entanto, apresenta antagonismo em associação com amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra as três bactérias estudadas. Para além da ciprofloxacina não demonstrou resultados relevantes. Em relação com a atividade citotóxica, a concentração letal média (LC50) expôs um valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusão: finalmente, revelou-se que a H. martiusii apresenta atividade citotóxica sinérgica contra as bactérias avaliadas.

RESUMO: O osteocondroma é um tumor ósseo primário que se caracteriza por apresentar uma projeção óssea recoberta por cartilagem que pode ser formado por uma única ou por múltiplas massas (osteocondromatose). O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os achados clínicos e patológicos de um felino jovem com osteocondroma no úmero. Na avaliação clínica, o felino apresentava atrofia acentuada da musculatura do membro torácico direito além de um aumento de volume em região distal do úmero. No exame histopatológico, observou-se uma lesão proliferativa composta em sua maior parte por ossificação endocondral com focos periféricos de tecido cartilaginoso proliferado. Testes de imuno-histoquímica e reação em cadeia da polimerase revelaram a presença de antígenos de FeLV em células da linhagem hematopoiética da medula óssea e DNA proviral em linfócitos do sangue periférico, respectivamente. Os achados clínicos e patológicos foram consistentes com um osteocondroma em um felino jovem, com oito meses de idade, com lesão em úmero desde os dois meses de idade.

ABSTRACT: Osteochondromas are primary bone tumors characterized by cartilage-covered bone projections involving single or multiple masses (osteochondromatosis). This study reports the clinical and pathological findings from a young domestic cat with osteochondroma in the humerus. During the clinical evaluation, the animal had pronounced right forelimb musculature atrophy and an increased distal humeral volume. Histopathological examination of the neoplasm revealed a proliferative lesion characterized mostly by endochondral ossification and peripheral foci of proliferating cartilage tissue. Further testing using immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of feline leukemia virus antigens in the hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow and FeLV proviral DNA in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Clinical and pathological findings are consistent with osteochondroma. This neoplasm occurred in an eight-month-old feline with humeral enlargement that had been present since two months old.

Alterações na distribuição e na composição corporal, considerada componente avaliativa do estado nutricional (EN), parecem estar associadas à capacidade física força muscular (FM). Um EN parece estar associado a alteração da força em idosos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre o estado nutricional e a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) em idosos residentes em áreas rurais do município de Jequié, na Bahia - Brasil. Estudo de coorte transversal, realizado com 95 participantes idosos com idade superior a 60 anos, cadastrados em uma das Unidades de Saúde da Família que atendem a zona rural do município. A avaliação do EN f realizada através do cálculo do Índice de massa corporal e a FPM foi avaliada através de um dinamômetro manual hidráulico. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada através da análise de variância ANOVA e as correlações entre variáveis foram verificadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. Não foi encontrada associações entre o IMC e FPM nesta amostra de estudo. Observou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre estado nutricional e FPM em idosos na faixa etária ≥ 80 anos (p ≤ 0,05). Os dados revelam a tendência de que o declínio do EN pode ter impacto significativo indivíduos idosos com idades mais avançadas.

Changes in the distribution and body composition are associated with muscle strength scores. The Decrease in strength and inadequate nutritional status contribute to the impairment of daily activities. This study aims to investigate the association between nutritional status and hand grip strength (HS) in the elderly living in rural Jequié, Bahia. Cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 individuals aged sixty or older, enrolled in the one Family Health Unit attending the countryside. Data collection was performed using a standardized instrument. The HS was performed with the aid of a hydraulic hand dynamometer. In the comparison between groups was applied to analysis of variance ANOVA. The correlations between BMI and FPP were verified by Spearman correlation test. No significant correlation was found between BMI and HS. Significant correlation was observed statistically between nutritional status and HS in the stratum of elderly aged ≥ 80 years (p ≤ 0,05). The results suggest that the decline in nutritional status can impact significantly more individuals at aged 80 and over.

Passados 25 anos da promulgação da Constituição de 1988, a qual inaugurou um novo patamar das relações entre os entes federativos no Brasil, pergunta-se: esse novo desenho institucional foi capaz de gerar bons governos no âmbito municipal? Consideram-se bons governos as gestões que possuem equilíbrio fiscal em suas contas. Analisou-se o equilíbrio fiscal para a quase totalidade dos municípios brasileiros no ano de 2010, utilizando-se para isso o Índice Firjan de Gestão Fiscal (IFGF), produzido pela Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Firjan). Os dados sugerem um país em que seus municípios possuem resultados fiscais bastante díspares. A partir de uma escala que varia de 0 a 1, verificaram-se municípios com gestão crítica, com índices próximos de 0, e aqueles com uma gestão considerada excelente,com índices próximos a 1. Em média, os municípios brasileiros apresentaram taxa que superam pouco mais da metade desse índice. Para explicar essa variabilidade testaram-se variáveis de gestão e políticas, as quais foram coletadas junto ao Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) e ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Verificou-se que o nível de equilíbrio fiscal está condicionado aos níveis de competição política e participação eleitoral, como também aos níveis de formação dos funcionários da administração direta dos municípios analisados.

Abstract Twenty-five years after the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, which itself initiated a new pattern of intergovernmental relations in Brazil, a question can be asked: was this new institutional design able to foster good governments at the level of the municipalities? We consider as good governments the administrations presenting fiscal balance in their public accounts. We analyze the fiscal balance for about all Brazilian municipalities (2010) by means of the Firjan Index of Fiscal Management (IFGF) released by the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Firjan). These data suggest that the municipalities yield considerably different fiscal results. Given a 0 to 1 scale, we detected municipalities with critically low fiscal management, with an index close to 0, and municipalities with excellent fiscal management, withan index close to 1. In average, the Brazilian municipalities presented an index slightly above 0.5. In order to explain such variations, we tested political and management variables with data from the Superior Electoral Tribunal (TSE) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It was observed for a set of different variables that the level of fiscal balance is related to levels of political competition and electoral participation, as well as to the educational degree of direct administration personnel in the analyzed municipalities.

Resumen Veinticinco años después de la promulgación de la Constitución de 1988, la cual inauguró un nuevo nivel de relaciones intergubernamentales en Brasil, surge una pregunta: ¿este nuevo diseño institucional era capaz de fomentar buenos gobiernos a nivel de los municipios? Consideramos como buenos gobiernos las administraciones que presenten equilibrio fiscal en sus cuentas públicas. Se analizó el equilibrio fiscal de casi todos los municipios brasileños (2010) por medio del Índice Firjan de Gestión Fiscal (IFGF) publicado por la Federación de Industrias del Estado de Río de Janeiro (Firjan). Estos datos sugieren que los municipios presentan resultados fiscales considerablemente diferentes. A partir de una escala que varía de 0 a 1, detectamos municipios con una gestión fiscal crítica, con un índice cercano a 0, y otros municipios con una excelente gestión fiscal, con un índice cercano a 1. En promedio, los municipios brasileños presentaron un índice ligeramente por encima de 0,5. Para explicar estas variaciones, hemos probado las variables políticas y de gestión con datos del Tribunal Superior Electoral (TSE) y del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Se observó a través de diferentes variables que el nivel de equilibrio fiscal se relaciona con los niveles de competencia política y de participación electoral, así como los niveles de formación del personal de la administración directa de los municipios analizados.

Résumé Vingt-cinq ans après la promulgation de la Constitution de 1988, qui a lancé un nouveau modèle de relations intergouvernementales au Brésil, une question peut être posée : cette nouvelle conception institutionnelle a-t-elle été capable de générer de bons gouvernements au niveau des communes ? Nous considérons comme de bons gouvernements les administrations présentant un équilibre budgétaire dans leurs comptes publics. Nous avons analysé l'équilibre budgétaire de presque toutes les communes brésiliennes en 2010, au moyen de l'Indice Firjan de gestion budgétaire (IFGF) publié par la Fédération des industries de l'état de Rio de Janeiro (Firjan). Ces données suggèrent un pays dans lequel les communes présentent des résultats fiscaux très variés. Sur une échelle allant de 0 à 1, nous avons détecté des communes ayant une gestion critique, avec un indice proche de 0, et d´autres communes ayant une excellente gestion financière, avec un indice proche de 1. En moyenne, les communes brésiliennes ont présenté un taux légèrement supérieur à 0,5. Pour expliquer cette variabilité, nous avons testé les variables politiques et de gestion qui ont été collectées auprès du Tribunal supérieur électoral (TSE) et de l'Institut brésilien de géographie et de statistique (IBGE). On a pu observer que le niveau de l'équilibre budgétaire est lié à des niveaux de concurrence politique et de participation électorale, ainsi qu´au niveau de formation du personnel de l'administration directe dans les communes analysées.