Abstract Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different cadences of movement in ATI equipment on the psychophysiological parameters of older adults during the training session. Methods: Fifteen physically independent older men voluntarily participated in this study. Three 30-min exercise sessions were randomly distributed (5 min warm-up, 20 min exercise, 5 min cooldown), comprising exercises with different cadences low (L: 1 movement every 4 s), medium (M: 1 movement every 2 s), and high cadence (H: 1 movement per second); all with 30” of stimulus and 30” recovery using the following devices: elliptical, rower, surf/elliptical and leg press. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), rate of perceived recovery (RPR), and feeling scale (FS) were evaluated before and immediately after the three sessions. The difference between moments was analyzed by analysis of variance with a significance level of p < 0.0001). Results: Cadence L (56 ± 2 %) showed lower values of relative HR than M (70 ± 5%) and H (85 ± 5%), which also differed from each other. Significant differences (p < 0.01) for the area under the curve of RPE (L: 75 ± 26, M: 115 ± 16, H: 154 ± 4) and RPR (L: 173 ± 16, M: 139 ± 12, H: 97 ± 6; UA) were identified among the cadences. Statistical differences (p < 0.01) were found on RPE 30 min of the session (L: 4.2 ± 0.7 < M: 5.7 ± 0.7 < H: 7.4 ± 0.5). Conclusion: The performance of different cadences induced different psychophysiological responses in older adults undergoing exercise sessions in the ATI. The moderate cadence provided an increase in HR with values considered safe for the exercise and therefore can be recommended for this population when using this equipment.

Abstract AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on high-volume resistance exercise performance METHODS Twenty males physically independent adults aged ≥18 years participated in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Sixty minutes before the experimental protocol, each participant ingested 0,6 g.kg of body mass-1 of carbohydrate supplementation or placebo. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests were performed before and after the dynamic fatigue induction protocol consisting of 10 sets of 8 repetitions of right leg knee extensors at 120º s-1. RESULTS Lower decrement of the isometric peak torque (p<0,001) and of the rate of torque development (p<0,001) was observed in carbohydrate supplementation after the dynamic protocol. Both concentric and eccentric peak torque differed significantly (p<0,001) between carbohydrate supplementation and placebo treatments from the second set, although the slope of the force-repetitions curve was not different between them. Additionally, the carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a lower session rating of perceived exertion (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS Previous carbohydrate supplementation attenuates muscle fatigue and internal load exercise in a high-volume isokinetic leg protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate whether body image satisfaction improves with practice in resistance training in elderly women. METHODS: Forty women were selected and randomly divided into an untrained group (UN) group and a group trained in resistance exercises (RT). To evaluate body image satisfaction, the silhouette matching task was used. RESULTS: No differences were found between current (5.45±0.24) and ideal (4.7±0.12) silhouettes in the RT group. However, the UN group showed a significant difference (p<0.01) between current (10.4±0.43) and ideal (5.6±0.26) silhouettes. The current silhouette was significantly different between the UN and RT groups (p<0.002). However, the ideal silhouette value did not differ between them. Body satisfaction was present in 90% of the participants in the RT group, and the difference was 15% less than that in the UN group (x2 test, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Resistance training in elderly women can promote satisfaction with their body image.

O girassol vem apresentando aptidão para opção de rotação e sucessão de culturas em regiões produtoras de grãos, e quando cultivado em consórcio mostra-se como opção interessante para o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico do consórcio girassol com Brachiaria ruziziensis em diferentes épocas de semeadura e espaçamento entre linhas. O experimento foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados - UNIGRAN, no município de Dourados, MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial com 3 x 2 x 2 (três épocas de semeadura, dois espaçamentos 0,45 e 0,90 m e dois sistemas de cultivo-solteiro e consorciado com brachiária nas entrelinhas) com quatro repetições. As características agronômicas avaliadas da variedade EMBRAPA 122 de girassol foi altura de plantas, diâmetro de capítulo, número de aquênios por capítulo, massa de 100 aquênios, produtividade e teor de óleo. O Sistema de consórcio Girassol/brachiaria quando semeado em 08 de março promoveu maior produtividade e quando semeado em 21 de fevereiro proporcionou maior altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e diâmetro de capítulo. O teor de óleo e massa de 100 aquênios foi maior quando semeado em 08 e 23 de março. O espaçamento de 0,90 m proporcionou maior quantidade de aquênios por capítulo.

The sunflower has shown suitability as an option in crop rotation and succession planting in grain producing regions, and when grown as an intercrop, proves to be an interesting choice for integrated crop-livestock systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of intercropping the sunflower with Brachiaria ruziziensis at different sowing times and spacing between rows. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados, UNIGRAN, in the town of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sowing times, two spacings between rows, 0.45 and 0.90 m, and two cropping systems, as monocrop and intercropped with brachiária between rows), with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated in the EMBRAPA 122 variety of sunflower were plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 100-achene weight, productivity and oil content. The intercropped sunflower and brachiaria system sown on 8 March promoted greater productivity, and that sown on 21 February, greater plant height, stem diameter and head diameter. The oil content and 100-achene weight were greater when sown on 8 and 23 March. The spacing of 0.90 m resulted in a larger quantity of achenes per head.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de estocagem e frequências alimentares sobre a resposta zootécnica e metabólica, e sobre a composição de peixe inteiro e de filé de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) cultivados em tanques-rede durante 60 dias. Foram utilizados 1.200 juvenis de jundiá (57,48±3,34 g e 17,86±0,36 cm). Os peixes foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×2, à densidade de 50 e 150 peixes m-3 e frequência alimentar de uma ou duas vezes ao dia. Tanto as densidades de estocagem quanto o manejo alimentar não influenciaram o desempenho nem os parâmetros metabólicos. No entanto, a interação entre a menor densidade e a maior frequência alimentar resultou em menor teor lipídico nos filés. Como ambos os fatores testados não interferiram no desempenho zootécnico, pode-se sugerir como melhor densidade a de 150 peixes m-3, com frequência de arraçoamento de uma vez ao dia.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities and feeding frequencies on the zootechnical and metabolic response and on the whole fish and fillet composition of juvenile South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) cultured in net cages for 60 days. One thousand and two hundred juvenile catfish (57,48±3,34 g and 17,86±0,36 cm) were used. Fish were distributed in a completely randomized design, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement, at 50 and 150 fish m-3 and feeding frequency once or twice a day. Both stocking density and feeding influenced neither the performance, nor the metabolic parameters. However, the interaction between the lowest density and the highest feeding frequency resulted in the lowest lipid content in the fillets. As both tested factors did not affect the growth performance, 150 fish m-3 can be suggested as the best density together with a once-a-day feeding frequency.

A substituição parcial da farinha de carne suína por farelos vegetais em dietas para juvenis de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio) foi avaliada em cinco dietas experimentais: um controle (farinha de carne suína (FCS) como fonte protéica) e quatro dietas vegetais: farelo de soja (FS), farelo de canola (FC), farelo de girassol (FG) ou farelo de linhaça (FL), substituindo 50% da proteína proveniente da FCS. 195 juvenis (43,4±0,4g) foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (9 e 15 horas) durante 71 dias. Ao final do experimento, maior peso (205,69g), ganho em peso (2,29g dia-1), taxa de crescimento específico (2,2% dia-1) e conversão alimentar (1,74) foram obtidos nas dietas com FCS, seguido dos tratamentos FC e FS que não diferiram entre si. Os peixes alimentados com FCS, FG e FS apresentaram maior gordura corporal. A dieta FL apresentou piores resultados de desempenho, coeficiente de retenção protéica, deposição de proteína e gordura corporal e no filé. Pode-se concluir que a dieta à base de farinha de carne suína proporciona maior crescimento e deposição de proteína em juvenis de carpa húngara, comparada às dietas com farelos vegetais; os parâmetros de carcaça (rendimentos e índices digestivos) não são afetados pelas fontes protéicas da dieta.

This study was conducted to evaluate the partial replacement of porcine meat meal by plant-protein meals in diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Five experimental diets were evaluated: control (FCS), only porcine meat meal as protein source, and four plant-based diets: soybean meal (FS), canola meal (FC), sunflower meal (FG) or linseed meal (FL) replacing 50% of protein from porcine meat meal. Juveniles (195, 43.4±0.4g) were fed twice daily (9:00 am and 03:00pm) for 71 days. At the end of the trial, the best weight (205,69g), weight gain (2,29g day-1), specific growth rate (2,2% day-1) and food conversion ratio (1,74) were obtained in FCS, followed by FC and FS, that did not differ among each other. Fish fed FCS, FG and FS showed higher body fat. The FL diet had the worst performance, protein retention coefficient, protein and fat deposition in whole body and fillet. It was concluded that a diet based on porcine meat meal provides higher growth and protein deposition in common carp juveniles, compared to diets with plant-protein meals; carcass parameters (carcass and fillet yield and digestive indices) are not affected by the dietary protein sources.

A dinâmica espacial da Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC) foi estudada em um pomar comercial de laranja (Citrus sinensis) 'Valência' de cinco anos de idade, localizada na região norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas 1.000 plantas em uma quadra disposta em 25 ruas por 40 plantas por rua, plantada no espaçamento 8 x 5 m. As avaliações (presença ou ausência da doença) iniciaram-se em março de 1994 e estenderam-se até janeiro de 1996, em um intervalo de quatro a cinco meses entre uma e outra. A agregação da doença foi observada por meio da análise do índice de dispersão (Ib), o qual foi calculado dividindo-se a área em quadrantes. A dinâmica espacial da CVC foi avaliada por análises de semivariogramas e apresentou padrão agregado da doença no campo formando reboleiras de 10 a 14 m. Para cada modelo ajustado, um mapa de krigagem foi gerado para uma melhor visualização da distribuição da doença. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados. Observou-se também por meio dos mapas de krigagem que a incidência da CVC aumentou em períodos onde as plantas se encontravam em desenvolvimento vegetativo, coincidindo com maior ocorrência esperada de insetos vetores da bactéria no campo.

The spatial dynamics of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) was studied in a five-year old commercial orchard of 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sp.) trees, located in the northern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. One thousand trees were assessed in 25 rows of 40 trees, planted at 8 x 5 m spacing. Disease incidence data were taken beginning in March 1994 and ending in January 1996, at intervals of four to five months. Disease aggregation was observed through the dispersion index analysis (Ib), which was calculated by dividing the area into quadrants. CVC spatial dynamics was examined using semivariogram analysis, which revealed that the disease was aggregated in the field forming foci of 10 to 14 m. For each well-fitted model, a kriging map was created to better visualize the distribution of the disease. The spherical model was the best fit for the data in this study. Kriging maps also revealed that the incidence of CVC increased in periods during which the trees underwent vegetative growth, coinciding with greater expected occurrence of insect vectors of the bacterium in the field.

A evolução de lançamentos e de flores de cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum) com sintomas de vassoura-de-bruxa e a produção de basidiocarpos do patógeno (Crinipellis perniciosa) foram monitoradas em plantas enxertada e não-enxertadas de um campo experimental no município de Belém, PA. Modelos epidemiológicos (logístico, Gompertz, e as somas logístico + logístico e Gompertz + Gompertz) foram ajustados a curvas de progresso da doença bianuais (1993 e 1994 para incidência da doença em lançamentos e basidiocarpos produzidos nesses lançamentos) e anuais (1994), para incidência da doença em flores e basidiocarpos produzidos nessas flores. A soma de duas equações logísticas apresentou bom ajuste aos dados bianuais e o modelo logístico, aos dados anuais. O início da manifestação dos sintomas esteve, geralmente, associado ao período seco enquanto que a produção de basidiocarpos coincidiu com o período chuvoso. A maior emissão de vassouras-de-bruxa ocorreu de julho a outubro e a maior frutificação, entre maio e julho.

An experimental field study was carried out in Belém, Pará, Brazil, in order to monitor the evolution of two diseases in grafted and non-grafted plants: 1) the amount of cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum) sprouts and flowers with symptoms of witches' broom and 2) the presence of basidiocarps of the pathogen Crinipellis perniciosa. Epidemiological models (logistic, Gompertz, logistic + logistic and Gompertz + Gompertz) were fit to biannual disease progress curves (1993 and 1994 for the incidence of the disease in the sprouts and for basidiocarp production in the sprouts) and annual (1994) for the disease incidence on flowers and for basidiocarps produced in the flowers. The sum of the two logistic equations fit well with biannual data and the logistic model fit the annual data. The appearance of symptoms was generally associated with the dry period, whereas the production of basidiocarps occurred during the rainy period. The amount of witches' broom was highest from July to October and the most fungus fruiting bodies was detected in May-July.