Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the best timing and feasibility of intrathecal application of sodium monosialoganglioside (GM1) after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats as an experimental model. Methods Forty Wistar rats were submitted to contusion spinal cord injury after laminectomy. The animals were randomized and divided into four groups: Group 1 - Intrathecal application of GM1 24 hours after contusion; Group 2 - Intrathecal application of GM1 48 hours after contusion; Group 3 - intrathecal application of GM1 72 hours after contusion; Group 4 - Sham, with laminectomy and intrathecal application of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, without contusion. The recovery of locomotor function was evaluated at seven different moments by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test. They were also assessed by the horizontal ladder, with sensory-motor behavioral assessment criteria, pre-and postoperatively. Results This experimental study showed better functional scores in the group submitted to the application of GM1, with statistically significant results, showing a mean increase when evaluated on known motor tests like the horizontal ladder and BBB, at all times of evaluation (p < 0.05), especially in group 2 (48 hours after spinal cord injury). Also, fewer mistakes and slips over the horizontal ladder were observed, and many points were achieved at the BBB scale analysis. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the intrathecal application of GM1 after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats is feasible. The application 48 hours after the injury presented the best functional results.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como se efetivam as relações das religiosidades evangélicas com os meios de comunicação na contemporaneidade com base em testemunhos de conversão de pessoas consideradas famosas e componentes do mundo artístico no Brasil. Tendo como apoio teórico-metodológico a antropologia das emoções e das moralidades, busca-se discorrer ao longo do texto acerca dos estilos discursivos dessas narrativas testemunhais. Os juízos da fama, isto é, as avaliações e os julgamentos morais das experiências vivenciadas no show business brasileiro pelas artistas evangélicas aqui estudadas versam sobre o bem e o mal, o renome e o esquecimento, as alegrias e os sofrimentos, interpretações que acompanham os movimentos típicos de carreiras instáveis construídas no contexto da indústria cultural.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to investigate how the relationship between evangelical religiosities and the media in the present day is effected based on the testimonies of conversion of people considered famous and components of the artistic world in Brazil. Based on the theories and methods develop by the anthropology of emotions and moralities, we seek to analyze the discursive styles of these testimonial narratives. The judgments of fame, that is, the evaluations and moral judgments of the experiences lived in Brazilian show business effectuated by the evangelical artists studied in this text deal with good and evil, renown and forgetfulness, joys and sufferings, interpretations that accompany the typical movements of unstable careers built in the context of the cultural industry.

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar os momentos de interrupções em trajetórias evangélicas no Brasil contemporâneo; ou seja, analisar os processos de suspensão, paragem, refluxo e (des)continuidade, ocorridos ao longo dos desdobramentos das vidas religiosas de pessoas convertidas ao pentecostalismo. Tendo como base teórico-metodológica a antropologia das emoções e das moralidades, o trabalho debruça-se sobre as biografias de três artistas brasileiras evangélicas. Entende-se, neste texto, que as interrupções são eventos propícios para a produção de dramas morais e emocionais, por meio de histórias que são contadas de distintas formas discursivas. Nesse sentido, o propósito é acompanhar de maneira pormenorizada as flutuações éticas e subjetivas frente às demandas mundanas e sagradas experimentadas por estas artistas, realçando suas ações para lidar com as incertezas e sofrimentos do cotidiano, através do manejo que fazem das palavras e do modo como narram seus períodos de instabilidade na fé.

The objective of this article is to study the moments of interruptions in evangelical trajectories in contemporary Brazil, that is, to analyze the processes of suspension, stop, reflux and continuity that occurred throughout the unfolding of the religious lives of people converted to Pentecostalism. Based on the theoretical and methodological approach of the anthropology of emotions and moralities, the work focuses on the biographies of three evangelical Brazilian artists. It is understood in this text that interruptions are propitious events for the production of moral and emotional dramas through stories that are told in different discursive forms. In this sense, the purpose here is to follow in detail the ethical and subjective fluctuations in the face of the mundane and sacred demands experienced by these artists, highlighting their actions to deal with the uncertainties and suffering of everyday life through the handling of words and the way they narrate their periods of instability in the faith.

L'objectif de cet article est d’étudier les moments d’interruptions des trajectoires évangéliques du Brésil contemporain, c'est-à-dire d’analyser les processus de suspension, d’arrêt, de reflux et de (dis)continuité survenus au cours du déroulement de la vie religieuse des personnes converties au Pentecôtisme. Suivant la base théorique et méthodologique de l’anthropologie des émotions et des morales, le travail se concentre sur les biographies de trois artistes évangéliques brésiliens. Il est entendu dans ce texte que les interruptions sont des événements propices à la production de drames moraux et émotionnels à travers les histoires racontées de différentes manières discursives. En ce sens, il s’agit de suivre en détail les fluctuations éthiques et subjectives face aux exigences mondaines et sacrées vécues par ces artistes, en mettant en évidence leurs actions pour faire face aux incertitudes et aux souffrances de la vie quotidienne à travers la manipulation des mots et des façons dont ils racontent leurs périodes d'instabilité dans la foi.

RESUMO Nobres e Anjos: um estudo de tóxicos e hierarquia foi a tese de doutoramento de Gilberto Velho (1945-2012), defendida em 1975 na Universidade de São Paulo, mas publicada apenas no ano de 1998. Este ensaio procura estimular um duplo movimento ao retomar uma obra que há quarenta e cinco anos serve de inspiração a inúmeros antropólogos: num primeiro plano, relembrar e situar as vivências de juventudes que encontraram suas formas de estar na cidade associadas às satisfações subjetivas geradas pelo uso de drogas nas franjas de um regime autoritário. Por outro lado, refletir sobre a maneira pela qual esse campo plural da antropologia urbana tem se constituído na prática e teoricamente entre nós, considerando a obra de Velho como referência central para a afirmação de um modo específico e original de estudo das cidades nas teorias sociais brasileiras - o que nomearemos aqui de antropologia de urbanas sensibilidades.

ABSTRACT Nobres e Anjos: um estudo de tóxicos e hierarquia (Nobles and Angels: a study of toxicology and hierarchy) was the doctoral thesis of Gilberto Velho (1945-2012), defended in 1975 at the University of São Paulo, but published only in 1998. This article invites a double movement by returning to a book that, for forty-five years, has remained an inspiration for countless anthropologists: first, we remember and situate the experiences of youths who found their ways of being in the city associated with the subjective satisfactions generated by the use of drugs during an authoritarian regime. Second, we reflect on how this plural field of urban anthropology has been constituted in practice and in theory, considering the work of Velho as a central reference for the affirmation of a specific and original way of studying cities in Brazilian social theories - what we will here call an anthropology of urban sensibilities.

RESUMEN Nobres e Anjos: um estudo de tóxicos e hierarquia (Nobles y Ángeles: un estudio de toxicología y jerarquía) fue la tesis doctoral de Gilberto Velho (1945-2012), defendida en 1975 en la Universidad de São Paulo, pero publicada solo en 1998. Este ensayo trata de estimular un doble movimiento al reanudar un trabajo que durante cuarenta y cinco años ha sido la inspiración de innumerables antropólogos: en primer plano, recordar y situar las experiencias de las juventudes que encontraron sus formas de estar en la ciudad asociadas con las satisfacciones subjetivas generadas por el uso de drogas en un régimen autoritario. Por otro lado, analizar la forma en que este campo plural de antropología urbana se ha constituido práctica y teóricamente entre nosotros, considerando el trabajo de Velho como referencia central para la afirmación de una forma específica y original de estudiar las ciudades en las teorías sociales brasileñas - lo que aquí llamaremos la antropología de las sensibilidades urbanas.

Resumo O testemunho religioso é um gênero de narração de histórias de vida estruturado numa linguagem dos sentimentos. Ele explora a “vida interior” do converso através da elaboração e exposição pública de seus suplícios. Nesse sentido, a partir da análise dos testemunhos de artistas mulheres convertidas ao pentecostalismo, o artigo tem como propósito acompanhar o processo de constituição dos sofreres que perpassam suas narrativas. Nesses testemunhos, o sofrimento é uma categoria nativa acionada para qualificar estados emocionais negativos e que se articula a expressões como “dor”, “vazio” e “angústia”. Proponho neste trabalho uma abordagem teórica que procura revelar as temporalidades existentes na construção dessas sensibilidades evangélicas. Busca-se explicitar as estratégias que tais artistas encontram para lidar com as dores do cotidiano e tentarem uma recuperação existencial de si depois de passarem por experiências subjetivas tortuosas, o que chamarei aqui com base na literatura antropológica de “refazendo um mundo”.

Abstract Religious testimony is a genre of life storytelling structured in a language of feelings. It explores the “inner life” of the convert through the public exposure of his torments. From the analysis of the testimonies of women artists converted to pentecostalism, the article is intended to accompany the process of constitution of sufferers who pass through their narratives. Suffering is a native category triggered to qualify negative emotional states and is articulated with expressions such as “pain”, “emptiness” and “anguish”. I propose in this work a theoretical approach that seeks to reveal the temporalities that exist in the construction of these evangelical sensibilities. It seeks to explain the strategies that such artists find to deal with the pains of daily life and to try an existential recovery of self after passing through tortuous subjective experiences, what I will call based on the anthropological literature of “remaking a world”.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma história do audiovisual no Brasil a partir da experiência das chacretes, dançarinas que acompanhavam Chacrinha, nos anos 1970, no programa de televisão que apresentava. Busca-se refletir sobre as questões de gênero e sexualidade recorrentes nas estratégias de mercado adotadas pelos produtores de TV. A fim de matizar tais narrativas técnico-científicas de busca pela audiência, a proposta é realçar também as conexões afetivas tecidas pelas chacretes com seus telespectadores, particularmente com as "mulheres donas de casa", "público-alvo" dos programas de auditório.

Abstract The objective of the article is to contribute to a history of audiovisual production in Brazil based on the experience of chacretes, who were dancers on the television program "Chacrinha" in the 1970s. The text reflects on recurrent gender and sexuality issues in the market strategies adopted by TV producers. To qualify the technical-scientific narratives used to attract audiences, the affective connections created by the chacretes with their viewers is also highlighted, particularly with the "housewives"who were the"target audience" of the programs recorded before live audiences.

Resumo Diante da emergência de inúmeras artistas que compõem a cultura popular se declarando evangélicas na atualidade, o objetivo principal deste artigo é investigar os sentidos, estilos e efeitos de suas narrativas testemunhais. Mais precisamente, busco analisar como diferentes dispositivos midiáticos (livros, televisão, internet) agem na produção de suas subjetividades religiosas, verificando assim como se efetivam as relações do pentecostalismo com os meios de comunicação de massa nos dias de hoje. A partir do estudo de caso de uma celebridade evangélica, procuro analisar como as tecnologias comunicativas oferecem novos significados à maneira como comumente conhecemos a manifestação desses típicos atos de fala cristãos. Além disso, se constatará também o quanto o universo da família torna-se importante no auxílio da construção dessas narrativas de testemunho, graças a uma série de conexões midiáticas estabelecida entre aquele que narra e sua parentela.

Abstract In the face of the emergence of countless artists who constitute popular culture declaring themselves evangelicals, the main objective of this article is to investigate the meanings, styles and effects of their testimony narratives. More precisely, we seek to analyze how different media devices (books, television, internet) act in the production of their religious subjectivities, verifying how effective are the relations of pentecostalism with the mass media in the present day. Based on the case study of an evangelical celebrity, we seek to analyze more specifically how communicative technologies offer other meanings as we commonly know the manifestation of these typical Christian speech acts. In addition, we will also find out how the family universe becomes important in the construction of these witness narratives, thanks to a series of media connections established between the narrator and his kinship.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of combined treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and methylprednisolone in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats received a moderate spinal cord injury and were divided into four groups: control (no treatment); G-CSF (G-CSF at the time of injury and daily over the next five days); methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone for 24 h); and G-CSF/Methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone for 24 h and G-CSF at the time of injury and daily over the next five days). Functional evaluation was performed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 following injury. Motor-evoked potentials were evaluated. Histological examination of the spinal cord lesion was performed immediately after euthanasia on day 42. RESULTS: Eight animals were excluded (2 from each group) due to infection, a normal Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score at their first evaluation, or autophagy, and 32 were evaluated. The combination of methylprednisolone and G-CSF promoted greater functional improvement than methylprednisolone or G-CSF alone (p<0.001). This combination also exhibited a synergistic effect, with improvements in hyperemia and cellular infiltration at the injury site (p<0.001). The groups displayed no neurophysiological differences (latency p=0.85; amplitude p=0.75). CONCLUSION: Methylprednisolone plus G-CSF promotes functional and histological improvements superior to those achieved by either of these drugs alone when treating spinal cord contusion injuries in rats. Combining the two drugs did have a synergistic effect.

OBJECTIVE: To standardize a spinal cord lesion mouse model. METHODS: Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: four experimental groups and one control group (sham). The experimental groups were subjected to spinal cord lesion by a weight drop from different heights after laminectomy whereas the sham group only underwent laminectomy. Mice were observed for six weeks, and functional behavior scales were applied. The mice were then euthanized, and histological investigations were performed to confirm and score spinal cord lesion. The findings were evaluated to prove whether the method of administering spinal cord lesion was effective and different among the groups. Additionally, we correlated the results of the functional scales with the results from the histology evaluations to identify which scale is more reliable. RESULTS: One mouse presented autophagia, and six mice died during the experiment. Because four of the mice that died were in Group 5, Group 5 was excluded from the study. All the functional scales assessed proved to be significantly different from each other, and mice presented functional evolution during the experiment. Spinal cord lesion was confirmed by histology, and the results showed a high correlation between the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale and the Basso Mouse Scale. The mouse function scale showed a moderate to high correlation with the histological findings, and the horizontal ladder test had a high correlation with neurologic degeneration but no correlation with the other histological parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION: This spinal cord lesion mouse model proved to be effective and reliable with exception of lesions caused by a 10-g drop from 50 mm, which resulted in unacceptable mortality. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale and Basso Mouse Scale are the most reliable functional assessments, and but the horizontal ladder test is not recommended.

A proposta deste artigo é contribuir para uma etnografia do sentimento de solidão e abandono na velhice. Tal abordagem será efetuada a partir da análise da trajetória das chacretes, nome artístico de antigas dançarinas eróticas que durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980 foram famosas personagens da televisão brasileira. A solidão é entendida neste artigo como uma experiência emocional oriunda das negociações sociais cotidianas operadas pelos sujeitos acerca de suas próprias vidas. Tendo como base o caso de uma chacrete, é analisado ao longo do texto o trabalho da passagem do tempo na fabulação e na descrição de sentimentos considerados violentos e tortuosos por quem os vivencia. A experiência extrema de dor, sofrimento e solidão de uma mulher envelhecida liga-se a um trabalho de gestão de palavras e lembranças acerca de seu passado, demonstrando ser a solidão não um sentimento idiossincrático, “não relacional”, mas, pelo contrário, resultado de contatos e trocas sociais.

The purpose of this article is to contribute to an ethnography of loneliness and abandonment that may affect some people in certain moments of their lives. Such approach will be made here from the analysis of the trajectory of chacretes, erotic dancers who during the 1970s and 1980s were famous characters of Brazilian television. Loneliness is understood in this text as an emotional experience resulting from the daily negotiations operated by the subjects about their own lives. Based on the case of a single chacrete, the analysis focuses on the work of the passage of time in the fabling and description of feelings considered violent and tortuous by those who experience them. The extreme experience of pain, suffering and loneliness of an aging woman promotes the management of words and memories about her past, demonstrating that loneliness is not an idiosyncratic sentiment, “non-relational”, but rather the result of contacts and social exchanges.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and histological effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin after experimental spinal cord contusion injury. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats underwent experimental spinal cord lesioning using an NYU-Impactor device and were randomly divided into the following groups, which received treatment intraperitoneally. The G(M1) group received ganglioside G(M1) (30 mg/kg); the erythropoietin group received erythropoietin (1000 IU/kg); the combined group received both drugs; and the saline group received saline (0.9%) as a control. A fifth group was the laminectomy group, in which the animals were subjected to laminectomy alone, without spinal lesioning or treatment. The animals were evaluated according to the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, motor evoked potential recordings and, after euthanasia, histological analysis of spinal cord tissue. RESULTS: The erythropoietin group had higher BBB scores than the G(M1) group. The combined group had the highest BBB scores, and the saline group had the lowest BBB scores. No significant difference in latency was observed between the three groups that underwent spinal cord lesioning and intervention. However, the combined group showed a significantly higher signal amplitude than the other treatment groups or the saline group (p<0.01). Histological tissue analysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Axonal index was significantly enhanced in the combined group than any other intervention (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: G(M1) and erythropoietin exert therapeutic effects on axonal regeneration and electrophysiological and motor functions in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord lesioning and administering these two substances in combination potentiates their effects.