Resumo Anastrepha fraterculus a mosca-das-frutas-sul-americana, é uma importante praga em pomares de macieira do sul do Brasil, principalmente em pequenas propriedades, onde costuma causar perda total da safra. Experimentos foram conduzidos com objetivo de avaliar, por quatro safras (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014) em pomares de maçã orgânica e convencional no sul do Brasil, a formulação de isca tóxica ANAMED® (óleos e ceras 49,0% + atrativo M7 24,2% + inseticida spinosad 0,1%) quanto à capacidade de reduzir a população da espécie. As aplicações da ANAMED começaram após o raleio, quando as frutas estavam com diâmetro médio de 20 mm, sendo reaplicada a cada 14 dias até a colheita. ANAMED foi pulverizado na vegetação de borda dos pomares a uma taxa de 1,0 kg.ha-1. Moscas-da-frutas foram monitoradas semanalmente usando armadilhas McPhail iscadas com levedura Torula®. Frutos danificados foram avaliados sete dias antes da colheita. As aplicações de iscas tóxicas ANAMED reduziu a população de adultos de moscas-das-frutas e danos em frutos em todas as safras, exceto no primeiro ano de avaliação (2009/2010). Em conclusão, o uso sequencial da isca tóxica ANAMED ao longo do tempo reduziu significativamente as populações de A. fraterculus e a porcentagem de frutos danificados por esta praga.

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus the South American fruit fly, is an important insect pest in apple orchards of southern Brazil, especially in small farms, where it often causes total crop loss. Experiments were conducted to evaluate, during four crop seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014) in organic and conventional apple orchards in southern Brazil, the toxic bait formulation ANAMED™ (oils and waxes 49.0% + M7 attractant 24.2% + spinosad insecticide 0.1%) for its capacity to reduce the South American fruit fly population. ANAMED applications started after apples with an average diameter of 20 mm had been thinned, and they were made every 14 days until harvest. ANAMED was sprayed on non-crop vegetation growing on the edges of the orchards at a rate of 1.0 kg.ha-1. Adult fruit flies were monitored weekly using McPhail traps baited with Torula™ yeast. Injured fruits were evaluated seven days before harvest. ANAMED reduced the adult population of trapped fruit flies captured in all crop seasons and the injured fruit, except for the first year of evaluation (2009/2010). In conclusion, the sequential use of ANAMED toxic bait over time significantly reduced adult populations of A. fraterculus and the percentage of fruits injured by this pest.

ABSTRACT The South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) is one of the major insect pests of economic importance in vineyards of Southern Brazil. Understanding species behavior and knowing the moments when their population peaks occur can help producers and technicians to define management strategies. This work was carried out the spatial and temporal distribution of the A. fraterculus in two commercial vineyards of variety ‘Moscato Branco’ for two crop seasons. To evaluate the A. fraterculus distribution, we used the mass trapping system with handmade traps (transparent plastic bottles of polyethylene terephthalate - PET), baited with hydrolyzed protein CeraTrap™. The evaluations were performed every two weeks, counting the total number of adults found per trap in each vineyard. From the number of insects caught per trap, data analysis was performed using geostatistics, through semivariograms. The spatio-temporal fruit fly distribution was evaluated by thematic maps, using the inverse square distance interpolation. The semivariograms showed that most of the reviews were ‘pure nugget’ effect, indicating the absence of spatial data dependence. The spatio-temporal distribution maps allow us to assert that A. fraterculus shows invasive behavior in the vineyard, with its entry from the edges to the center, associated with the fruit ripening.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros biológicos e a tabela de vida de fertilidade da broca-do-morangueiro (Lobiopa insularis) criada em dieta artificial à base de frutos de morangueiro, em condições de laboratório. A duração e a viabilidade média dos períodos embrionário, larval, pupal e ovo-adulto foram de: 4,1±1,5 dias e 80,6%; 22,2±5,0 dias e 60%; 10,8±2,3 dias e 90%; e 37,1±8,8 dias e 43,5%, respectivamente. Os períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-oviposição foram de 96±18,9, 133±27,5 e 77±16,3 dias. A longevidade de machos (271±20,7 dias) foi menor do que a de fêmeas (318±14,9 dias). Há potencial de utilização de dieta artificial à base de morangos para a multiplicação da broca-do-morangueiro em laboratório.

The objective of this work was to determine the biological parameters and fertility life table of the strawberry sap beetle (Lobiopa insularis) reared on artificial diet in laboratory conditions. The duration and the average viability of the embryonic, larval, pupal, and egg-to-adult periods were: 4.1±1.5 days and 80.6%; 22.2±5.0 days and 60%; 10.8±2.3 days and 90%; and 37.1±8.8 days and 43.5%, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods were 96±18.9, 133±27.5, and 77±16.3 days. The longevity of males (271±20.7 days) was lower than that of females (318±14.9 days). There is potential for using artificial diet based on strawberries for the multiplication of the strawberry sap beetle in laboratory.

A biologia de Spodoptera eridania foi estudada em laboratório (22±1ºC, UR 70±10%, fotofase de 14 horas), em folhas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Aromas') e videira (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon'). A duração e a viabilidade do ciclo total foram, respectivamente, de 52,2±1,32 dias e 37,6% para morangueiro e 42,2±0,45 dias e 25,5% para videira. A razão sexual em morangueiro foi de 0,58, e 0,48 em videira. A longevidade média de machos e fêmeas em morangueiro foi de 16,3±1,16 e 15,8±1,85 dias, respectivamente, e 5,6±0,88 e 7,3±0,83 dias em videira. A fecundidade média total foi de 1.747,5±187,32 ovos por fêmea em morangueiro, e 1.764,9±289,04 em videira. A tabela de vida de fertilidade mostrou que a taxa líquida de reprodução e a razão finita de aumento foram de 394,89 e 1,10, respectivamente, para morangueiro, e de 213,98 e 1,12 para videira. As culturas do morangueiro cv. 'Aromas' e da videira cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' são hospedeiras favoráveis e equivalentes quanto ao potencial de crescimento populacional de S. eridania.

The biology of Spodoptera eridania was studied in the laboratory (22±1ºC, RH 70±10%, 14 hours of photoperiod) in leaves of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Aromas') and grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon'). The duration and viability of the entire cycle were respectively 52.2±1.32 days and 37.6% for strawberry and 42.2±0.45 days and 25.5% for grapes. The sex ratio in strawberry was 0.58 and 0.48 on grape. The average longevity of males and females in strawberry was 16.3±1.16 and 15.8±1.85 days, respectively, and 5.6±0.88 and 7.3±0.83 days in grape. The mean fecundity was 1,747.5±187.32 eggs per female in strawberry and 1,764.9±289.04 on grape. The life table of fertility showed that the net reproduction rate and finite rate of increase were 394.89 and 1.10, respectively, for strawberry and 213.98 and 1.12 for grapevine. Strawberry cv. 'Aromas' and grape cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' are suitable hosts providing similar population growth rates of S. eridania.