ABSTRACT Background: Despite the importance of Plathymenia reticulata for forestry and ecological purposes, a protocol for the vegetative propagation of the species remains unclear mainly due to the low adventitious rooting of the propagules of the species. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the rooting of mini-cuttings of juvenile materials of P. reticulata and our hypothesis: (1) maintaining propagules under mist chamber for different periods affects the rooting process; (2) the mini-stump management system due to the restriction of the root system affects the production of mini-cuttings and the quality of clonal seedlings. Results: It was not necessary for more than 30 days in a mist chamber to induce rooting. The highest percentage of rooting was obtained 50 days after staking. Mini-gardens set up in suspended seed bed and tubes (280 cm3) had the average mini-cuttings productivity of 4.32 and 2.06, respectively, over 270 days of exploration (monthly collections). At 120 days after staking, there was no difference in the survival and in the final quality of clonal seedlings produced. However, clonal seedlings from mini-garden in tubes had higher height, leaf area, and number of first-order roots. Regardless of the mini-garden management, the clonal seedling production index was 50%. Conclusion: We can conclude that P. reticulata seedling production via mini-cutting technique is possible.

Resumo O estado nutricional da planta-matriz é imprescindível para a manutenção do seu vigor vegetativo, fundamental para a produção de miniestacas. Portanto, o fornecimento de nutrientes em quantidades ideais durante o manejo das minicepas influencia o sucesso da propagação. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar e comparar a produtividade do minijardim, os nutrientes exportados pelas brotações de três clones de Toona ciliata var. australis e o consumo total destes nutrientes durante o período de produção. Em cada coleta de brotação foi quantificada a sobrevivência, o número de brotações e de miniestacas produzidas por minicepa e, realizado o monitoramento nutricional em 18 coletas. Ao final, as minicepas foram extraídas dos canaletões para realizar a análise nutricional completa. São apresentadas as curvas de consumo durante 432 dias e os valores totais utilizados no processo. Ao final de 18 coletas de brotações, o clone TC3 foi mais produtivo. Os clones TC3 e TC15 são mais eficientes na conversão dos nutrientes absorvidos para produção de brotações e de miniestacas. A partir da 10ª coleta de miniestacas é indicada a reposição nutricional visando manter a produtividade do minijardim sempre constante. O potássio, o nitrogênio e o cálcio são os nutrientes mais exportados pelas coletas das brotações dos três clones de cedro-australiano.

Abstract The nutritional status of the mother plant is essential for the maintenance of vegetative vigor, vital for the production of cuttings. Therefore, the supply of nutrients in optimal amounts during handling of ministumps influences the success of propagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the productivity of minigarden, nutrients exported by the shoots of three clones of Toona ciliata var. australis and the total consumption of these nutrients during the production period. In each budding collection, the survival was measured, the number of shoots and cuttings produced by the ministump and, the nutritional monitoring was carried out in 18 collections. In the end, the mini-stumps were drawn from gutters to perform a complete nutritional analysis. the consumption curves for 432 days and the total amounts used in the process are presented. The TC3 clone was more productive in the 18 collections of shoots. The TC3 and TC15 clone were more efficient at converting nutrients absorbed to produce sprouts and cuttings. From the 10th collection of cuttings is shown nutritional supplementation to maintain the productivity of the always constant mini-garden. The potassium, nitrogen and calcium are the most exported nutrients by the shoots of the Australian cedar clones.

Resumo O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do lodo de esgoto tratado (LET) associado a substrato à base de casca de pinus (SC1) ou à base de fibra de coco (SC2), em diferentes proporções, como substrato para produção de mudas de vinhático. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, localizada na unidade de apoio a pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, de junho a novembro de 2016. Utilizaram-se 20, 40, 60, 80% de LET associados ao SC1 ou ao SC2, 100% de LET e o tratamento com SC1 com adubação convencional (controle). O lodo de esgoto foi higienizado com adição de cal a 15% do peso seco. Os resultados revelam que as menores proporções de LET no substrato resultaram em mudas com melhor crescimento em altura, diâmetro do coleto, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, comprimento e volume radicular. A nodulação foi negativamente influenciada nas mudas produzidas em proporções acima de 20% de LET. A agregação do torrão ao substrato não foi influenciada pela adição de LET, entretanto, houve aumento da curvatura do torrão nas mudas produzidas em maiores quantidades de LET. O conteúdo da parte aérea de N, P e K foi menor nas mudas produzidas em substrato com LET. Para produção de mudas de vinhático, sugere-se a proporção de 20% de lodo de esgoto associado ao SC1 ou SC2, não havendo prejuízos em relação às mudas produzidas em substrato comercial adubado, utilizado comercialmente.

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the treated sewage sludge (LET) associated with commercial substrate based on pinus bark (SC1) or based on coconut fiber (SC2), in different proportions, as substrate for the production of vinhático seedlings. The study was led in a greenhouse, located in the research support unit of the State University of North Fluminense. The treatments considered as substrates were 20, 40, 60, 80% of LET associated with SC1 or SC2, 100% of LET and the treatment with SC1 with conventional fertilization (control). The sewage sludge was sanitized with addition of lime to 15% of dry weight. The results showed that the lower LET proportions in the substrate resulted in seedlings with better growth in height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root system, root length and volume. The nodulation was negatively influenced in the seedlings produced in proportions above 20% LET. The aggregation of the clod was not influenced by the addition of LET, however, there was increase of the curvature of the clod in the seedlings produced in larger amounts of LET. The shoot content of N, P and K was lower in the seedlings with LET. For the production of vinatic seedlings, 20% of sewage sludge associated with SC1 or SC2, is suggested, with no losses in relation to the seedlings produced in commercial substrate that received fertilization, used commercially.

RESUMO O vinhático (Plathymenia reticulata Benth) é uma das espécies nativas do Brasil, de interesse econômico e ambiental. Sua propagação tem sido realizada por sementes, entretanto, o difícil acesso às matrizes, os intervalos longos de frutificação e dificuldade de armazenamento destacam a importância de técnicas que permitam a propagação clonal da espécie. Estudos conduzidos com minicepas de vinhático, advindas de mudas produzidas por sementes têm demonstrado que, embora as minicepas apresentem boa brotação, o enraizamento das miniestacas é muito baixo. Com isso, objetivou-se neste trabalho, avaliar a produção de mudas de vinhático por miniestaquia, utilizando diferentes técnicas de manejo para induzir o enraizamento. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, sendo que, no primeiro, as minicepas foram obtidas a partir de mudas produzidas via semente de progênies de onze matrizes, das quais se promoveu a coleta sucessiva de miniestacas, sendo estas submetidas a diferentes concentrações do regulador de crescimento AIB (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 e 8.000 mg.L-1). No segundo experimento foi utilizado o manejo de luz (sombreamento na base da brotação e sombreamento total da minicepa) e de nutriente, com aplicação de nitrogênio (4 g.L-1 de ureia) nas minicepas. As miniestacas produzidas foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade de enraizamento e anatomia na base da miniestaca. No primeiro experimento verificou-se uma variação de sobrevivência e tolerância à poda apical entre as progênies das matrizes analisadas, com destaque para progênie da matriz DOM, que apresentou o maior percentual na primeira coleta (88,2%), e uma sensibilidade das progênies NELI, ZE1 e ZE2 aos efeitos do manejo e às condições ambientais no minijardim clonal. O vinhático respondeu de forma positiva à coleta sucessiva de brotações, com aumento do número de brotações produzidas a partir do quarto mês de coleta (210 dias). Não houve efeito significativo no enraizamento de mudas de vinhático quando submetido a concentrações crescentes de AIB, nem quanto ao tipo de manejo de luz e nitrogênio utilizados para estimular o enraizamento de miniestacas. Não foram observadas barreiras anatômicas ao enraizamento dos clones nos diferentes tipos de manejos avaliados.

ABSTRACT Vinatic (Plathymenia reticulata Benth.) is one of the native species of Brazil, of economic and environmental interest. Its propagation has been carried out by seeds, however, the difficult access to the matrices, long intervals of fruiting and difficulty of storage, emphasize the importance of techniques that allow the clonal propagation of the species. Studies conducted with vinatic minitumps, coming from seedlings have shown that although the ministumps show good sprouting, the minicutting rooting is very low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of vinatic seedlings by minicutting using different management to induce rooting. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and, in the first experiment, the minitumps were obtained from seedlings produced from progenies of eleven matrices, from which the successive collection of minicuttings was promoted, these being submitted to different concentrations of the IBA growth regulator (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 and 8.000 mg.L-1). In the second experiment, light management (shading at buds base and total shading of minitump) and nutrient were used, with nitrogen application (4 g.L-1 urea) in the minitumps. The minicuttings produced were evaluated for rooting capacity and anatomy at the base of the minicuttings. In the first experiment there was a variation of survival and tip pruning tolerance among the progenies of the matrices analyzed, with emphasis on progeny of the DOM matrix, which presented the highest survival percentage in the first collection (88,2%), and a sensitivity of NELI, ZE1 and ZE2 progenies to the management in the clonal minigarden. Vinatic responded positively to the successive collection of sprouts, with an increase in the number of sprouts produced from the fourth month of collection (210 days). There was no significant effect on rooting of vinatic plants when submitted to increasing concentrations of IBA, nor on the type of light and nitrogen management used to stimulate the minicuttings rooting. No anatomical barriers were observed to the rooting of the minicuttings in the different managements evaluated.

ABSTRACT Khaya ivorensis stands out because of the quality of the wood and high economic value. Its propagation has been carried out by seeds, an obstacle in the production in large scale seedlings, since the seeds present high value and they result in heterogenous stands. The vegetative propagation is an alternative to overcome these problems. The aim of this work was to verify the feasibility of mini-cutting for african mahogany, evaluating the pro- ductivity of the mini-stumps, the rooting of mini-cuttings using different concentrations of IBA and the clonal seedlings quality. The mini-stumps were produced from seeds in tubes, pruned at 8 cm, at 60 days. At 100 days after apical pruning, the fi rst sprouts col- lection was performed, and the mini-cuttings were submitted to concentrations of IBA (0; 2,000; 4,000 and 6,000 mg.L-1) for rooting evaluation. The seedlings were transplanted to clonal mini-garden, in which four collections of mini-cuttings were performed. Clonal seedlings quality was evaluated at 120 days after staking. The species showed tolerance to apical pruning and successive collections of mini-cuttings, with 96.4% survival and more than 92% of the mini-stumps producing mini-cuttings. It was observed 100% survival and rooting of mini-cuttings. There was no effect of the IBA on the rooting percent- age of the mini-cuttings, however, the higher concentration of IBA increase the thinner root production. The fi nal clonal seedling quality has similar growth for all treatments.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de miniestacas e a necessidade de aplicação de ácido indolbutírico sobre o enraizamento e qualidade das mudas formadas de Handroanthus heptaphyllus. As miniestacas apicais e intermediárias foram obtidas em minijardim multiclonal formado a partir de sementes. As miniestacas foram preparadas com 5 cm de comprimento, um par de folhas reduzidas a 50% da área foliar e estaqueadas sem e com AIB na concentração de 8000 mg L-1. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30 dias, na expedição do setor de enraizamento e aos 120 dias, quando a muda se encontrava formada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 (três épocas de coleta, duas concentrações de AIB e duas posições do propágulo), com quatro repetições, sendo 12 miniestacas por repetição. De acordo com os resultados, o AIB não foi necessário para o enraizamento das miniestacas, entretanto, sua utilização promove incremento do número e comprimento de raízes. As miniestacas intermediárias proporcionaram maior massa seca de raízes aos 30 dias após o estaqueamento, e aos 120 dias, maior número de folhas e de raízes. A época de coleta influenciou a qualidade final das mudas. Aquelas produzidas na última coleta (oitavo) apresentaram valores médios inferiores nas características biométricas, exceto para o comprimento e número de raízes de primeira ordem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of type of cuttings and the need for application of IBA on rooting and quality of the seedlings formed Handroanthus heptaphyllus. The apical and intermediate cuttings were obtained in multiclonal minigarden formed from seeds. The cuttings were prepared with 5 cm length, a pair of leaves reduced to 50% of leaf area without staked and IBA at a concentration of 8000 mg L-1. Evaluations were performed at 30 days, the expedition rooting sector and at 120 days, when the change was in formed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3 x 2 x 2 (three sampling times, two concentrations of IBA and two positions of propagules), with four replications, with 12 cuttings per replicate. According to the results, the IBA was not necessary for the rooting of the shoots, however, their use promotes an increase in the number and length of roots. The intermediate cuttings showed higher dry mass of roots at 30 days after striking, and at 120 days, more leaves and roots. The collection time influenced the final quality of the seedlings. Those produced in the last collection (eighth) had lower mean scores in biometric characteristics, except for the length and number of roots of the first order.