ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the Chenopodium ambrosioides L (mastruz) extract for preventing bone loss and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for inducing osteoporosis. After surgery, they were divided into two groups: Ovariectomy-control group (G1, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml distilled water by gavage for 30 days, and Ovariectomy plus mastruz group (G2, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz at 10% concentration (50mg) daily, for the same period. Then, the blood of the animals was collected for further biochemical analysis (liver function) and tibia and liver were removed for histological and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS: The cortical bone was significantly larger in the G2 than G1, whereas G1 presented the highest amount of adipocytes in the bone marrow (p<0.05). The blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly higher, whereas globulin and lactate dehydrogenase were smaller in G2 than G1. CONCLUSION: The hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz has effects on bone metabolism by changing blood proteins and enzymes and preventing both bone loss and the substitution of bone marrow cells by

Pulpotomy in deciduous teeth is a controversial issue, especially with regard to alternative materials used for the direct pulp capping of the root canal pulp tissue. The aim of the present study was to perform a histological analysis of the initial reaction of the root canal pulp tissue in rats, following pulpotomy and pulp capping with (1) green propolis extract, (2) iodoform paste, (3) green propolis extract + iodoform and (4) calcium hydroxide paste with saline solution. Analyses were performed after 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days. The substances containing green propolis extract and iodoform led to the production of an intense inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis in the root canal pulp tissue throughout the analyses. In the calcium hydroxide group, inflammatory infiltrate only prevailed at the 72-hour evaluation. Among the substances tested, calcium hydroxide paste induced the lowest intensity of inflammatory response in the root canal pulp tissue. Longer studies should be carried out to analyze the pulp repair process following pulpotomy and pulp capping with the compounds analyzed.

Objetivo: analisar na literatura a política de inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência após a criação da Política Nacional para a integração da pessoa em situação de deficiência no Brasil. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da produção científica brasileira contida no Banco de Dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Para a seleção dos artigos foram utilizadas combinações entre os descritores seguintes: políticas públicas, inclusão social, deficiente, pessoas com deficiência e trabalho. Foram incluídos os artigos publicados em revistas nacionais entre os anos de 2000 até 2009 nas áreas de Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Humanas. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 253 artigos, sendo selecionados 17. Para fins da análise, os resultados foram subdivididos em categorias temáticas: saúde e inclusão, educação e inclusão, e trabalho e inclusão. Discussão: Verifica-se que as ações de saúde estão direcionadas ao assistencialismo, sem aprofundar nas questões sociais. Á importante salientar que na educação, existem dificuldades para a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência no ensino público regular, bem como a falta de capacitação dos profissionais das áreas de educação e saúde para tratar estas pessoas; verifica-se também que a legislação trabalhista para as pessoas com deficiências, ainda precisam de algumas regulamentações. Conclusões: A criação de legislações e suas respectivas regulamentações não são suficientes para a efetiva inclusão social das pessoas com deficiências, sendo necessárias ações intersectoriais, conforme disposto nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil para uma conscientização social sobre as potencialidades destas pessoas, provendo condições humanas e materiais que lhes permitam viver como cidadãos.

Objetivo: analizar en la literatura la política de inclusión social de las personas con deficiencia después de la creación de la Política Nacional para la integración de la Persona en situación de discapacidad en Brasil. Método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la producción científica brasileña constante en el banco de datos de la Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Para la selección de los artículos se utilizaron combinaciones entre los descriptores: políticas públicas, inclusión social, deficiente, personas con deficiencia y trabajo. Fueron incluidos los artículos publicados en revistas nacionales entre los años de 2000 al 2009 en las áreas de Ciencias de la Salud y Humanas. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 253 artículos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 17. Para análisis se subdividieron los resultados en categorías temáticas: salud e inclusión, educación e inclusión, y trabajo e inclusión. Discusión: Se nota que las acciones de salud están direccionadas al asistencialismo, sin profundizar en las cuestiones sociales. Es de resaltar que en la educación, hay dificultades para la inclusión de la persona con deficiencia en la enseñanza pública regular, así como la carencia en la capacitación de los profesionales de las áreas de educación y salud para tratar a estas personas; se evidencia también, que la legislación laboral dirigida hacia las personas con deficiencia, aún necesita de algunas reglamentaciones. Conclusiones: La creación de legislaciones y sus respectivas reglamentaciones no son suficientes para la efectiva inclusión social de las personas con deficiencia, siendo necesarias acciones intersectoriales, conforme rezan los principios del Sistema Único de Salud de Brazil, para una concientización social acerca de las potencialidades de éstas personas, proporcionando condiciones humanas y materiales que les permitan vivir como ciudadanos.

Objective: This study aimed at analyzing literature about the policy of social inclusion of handicapped people after the National Policy for integration of handicapped people was created in Brazil. Methodology: Systematic review of the regular Brazilian scientific production in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. For the purpose of choosing the articles, a combination of the following descriptors was used: public policies, social inclusion, deficient, handicapped people and work. Articles published in national magazines between 2000 and 2009 in the areas of Health and Human Science areas were included. Results: A total of 253 articles were obtained. From these articles, 17 were chosen. For the analysis, results were divided in subgroups according to the following theme categories: Health and inclusion, education and inclusion, and work and inclusion. Discussion: It was evidenced that health measures are oriented to welfarism without considering the social issues in depth. It is worth highlighting that in education there are difficulties for inclusion of handicapped people in regular public education, as well as deficiencies in the training of education and health professionals to treat these people. Likewise, it was also observed that labor legislation oriented to handicapped people still needs some regulations. Conclusions: Enactment of laws and their corresponding regulations are not enough for the effective social inclusion of handicapped people, since inter-branch actions are necessary, as enshrined in the principles of the Brazilian Unique Health System for social awareness about the potential of these people ensuring them human and material conditions for they are able to live as citizens.

Orthodontic movement is process of transformation of a physical stimulation into a force applied to a tooth, with a biological response identified as bone remodelling. Although it is possible to measure the force applied on a tooth, its distribution around the root is irregular forming areas of higher concentration of tensions, which do not correspond to the force initially applied. To evaluate the behavior of the periodontal ligament after the application of an external action and to prove which would be the areas of higher tension generated in the periodontium, the Finite Elements Method (FEM) was used in comparison to the results obtained in vivo on experimental models in rat. To test the error susceptibility of the technique used in the experimental model, the force application was simulated in three different heights on the mesial surface of the molar. The resulting histological analysis was compared with the result obtained for the computational code and disclosed that the greater focus of osteoclasts in activity had coincided with the compressed areas of the periodontal ligament. The alteration of points of force application generated areas of more extensive deformations in the periodontal ligament, as the point of application was more distant of the initial point, the horizontal force vector became bigger. These results demonstrate that the FEM is an adequate tool to study the distribution of orthodontic forces. The sensitivity of the experimental model used was also observed in relation to the installation of the dental movement device, which should be considered depending on the objective of the research.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito de ácido hialurônico (AH) e do GA na cicatrização de feridas intestinais. MÉTODOS: O extrato semipurificado dos ovos do molusco foi obtido por fracionamento com sulfato de amônio e purificação por cromatografia de troca-iônica. Os galactanos obtidos foram eluídos em água (galactano neutro) e em 0.1 e 0.2M NaCl (galactanos acídicos). O estudo em vivo foi executado com 45 ratos Wistar, separados em três grupos (n=15). Soluções contendo AH 1%, GA 1% ou solução salina 0,9%, foram aplicadas topicamente nas suturas das feridas longitudinais localizadas no intestino delgado dos ratos. Depois de 05, 10 e 21 dias os animais foram sacrificados e biópsias dos tecidos cicatrizados foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: A graduação histológica foi mais significante para os grupos do AH e GA quando comparado ao grupo C. O GA estimulou o aparecimento de macrófagos, células gigantes e aumentou a concentração de colágeno na área da ferida quando comparado ao AH. CONCLUSÃO: O uso tópico de GA em feridas intestinais promoveu a antecipação de eventos que são importantes na cicatrização de feridas.

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and of AG on the healing of intestine wounds. METHODS: The semi-purified extract of the eggs of the mollusc was obtained by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and purification for ion-exchange chromatography. The obtained galactans were eluted in water (neutral galactan) and in 0.1 and 0.2M NaCl (acidic galactans). The in vivo study was performed with 45 "Wistar" rats, separated in three groups (n=15). Solutions containing HA 1%, GA 1% or saline solution 0,9%, was placed topically on the sutures of wounds in the small intestine of the rats. After 05, 10 and 21 days the animals were sacrificed and biopsy of the healing tissue was done. RESULTS: The hystologic grading was more significant for HA and AG groups when compared to the group C. AG stimulated the appearance of macrophages, giant cells and increase in the concentration of collagen in the area of the wound when compared to HA. CONCLUSION: The topical use of GA in intestinal wounds promoted the anticipation of events that are important in the wound healing.

OBJETIVO: Tem sido demonstrado que a icterícia obstrutiva provoca depressão do sistema imunológico, mudança no padrão de colonização bacteriana dos intestinos e passagem de bactérias da luz intestinal para a circulação porta e sistêmica. Estudo experimental em ratos procurou observar a possibilidade de translocação bacteriana para os pulmões após a ligadura do colédoco. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar pesando de 178 a 215g, separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos iguais. Nos ratos do grupo I foi feita a ligadura do colédoco e nos do grupo II apenas a manipulação do colédoco com pinça atraumática (sham operation). No sétimo dia de observação os animais foram mortos com superdose de anestésico, sangue foi colhido para dosagem de bilirrubinas e os pulmões ressecados sob condições assépticas. Metade de cada pulmão foi homogeneizada e semeada em meios de cultura ágar McConkey e ágar sangue. A outra metade serviu para exame histopatológico -coloração hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t, com significância 0,05. RESULTADOS: revelaram bilirrubina total em média 18,7±3,6 no grupo I e 0,7±0,2 no grupo II. No grupo I foram isoladas colônias de Klebsiela sp nos pulmões de 30% dos animais e E. coli em 20%, e os escores histopatológicos atingiram a média 6,2±2,08. No grupo II não foram detectadas bactérias nos pulmões e os escores do exame histopatológico atingiram 1,8±1,16. A diferença dos dados analisados mostrou-se significativa (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a icterícia obstrutiva por ligadura do colédoco em ratos provocou translocação de germes Gram-negativos para os pulmões e resultou em alterações histopatológicas significativas.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that obstructive jaundice provokes depression of the immunologic system, changes the pattern of intestinal bacterial colonization and possibly permits bacterial translocation lumen to the portal and systemic circulations. An experimental study performed done in rats to assess the incidence of enteric bacteria translocation to the lungs after choledocus closure. METHOD: Twenty Wistar male rats weighing 178 to 215g were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In group I, (n=10) it the choledocus was tied with 0000 silk suture and in group II the choledocus was manipulated with atraumatic instrument (sham operation). In the 7th day the animals were killed with anesthetic overdose, blood sample was colected for bilirrubin dosage and the lungs were ressected under aseptic conditions. Half of each lung was homogenized and cultured in agar McConkey and agar blood. The other half was processed by conventional histologic methods. The sections were cut and stained by Gram, haematoxilin and eosin and examined with light microscopy. Data were analyzed by t test (p <0,05). RESULTS: Mean total bilirrubin was 18,7±3,6 and 0,7±0,2 in groups I and II, respectively (p<0,05). Colonies of Klebsiela sp were isolated in the lungs of 30% and E. coli in 20% of group I, and histopathological scores presented an average of 6.2±2.08. No bacteria was detected in the lungs of group II and the scores histopathological reached 1,8±1,16 (p <0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Obstructive resulting jaundice in rats promotes translocation of Gram negative bacteria to the lungs, resulting in significant histopatologic alterations.

É grande o número de pessoas que inalam nicotina diariamente através do hábito de fumar e eventualmente têm que ser submetidos a intervenção cirúrgica no aparelho digestivo. Sendo a nicotina um agente que tem sido implicado no retardo da cicatrização das feridas, foi realizado estudo experimental em ratos com o objetivo de testar o seu efeito na evolução histológica da cicatrização de anastomoses intestinais. Foram utilizados 17 ratos Wistar com média de peso 275±14g, divididos aleatoriamente em grupo I (n=9) e grupo II (n=8), anestesiados com éter sulfúrico e operados com técnica asséptica. A nicotina foi administrada por via subcutânea na dose de 5mg/kg em dias alternados, durante 17 dias nos ratos do grupo I e foi usado placebo no grupo II. Após sete dias de uso da nicotina e do placebo, foi feita secção transversal do jejuno a 5 cm do duodeno e anastomose com polipropileno 6-0. No décimo dia os ratos foram mortos com superdose de éter sulfúrico e foi feita biópsia da anastomose. Após processamento dos cortes histológicos e coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina, os dados foram quantificados por escores. A análise histológica revelou que o grupo I atingiu o escore 135 (média 15±4,41) e o grupo II, 218 (média 27,25±4,89). De acordo com o teste t, a diferença mostrou-se significativa (p<0,05). Os dados permitem concluir que a nicotina, quando administrada por via subcutânea em ratos, contribui para prejudicar a cicatrização de anastomoses intestinais.

It is great the number of patients that inhale nicotine daily through the habit of smoking and eventually they have to be submitted to operations in the digestive tract. Being the nicoti11e an agent that has been implied in the retard of wound healing, an experimental study was accomplished in rats in order to test its effect in the histological evolution of the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Seventeen Wistar rats weighting 275 ± 14g were used. They were randomly divided in group I (n=9) and group II (n=8), anesthetized with sulfuric ether and operated with aseptic technique. The nicotine was administered subcutaneously in the dose of 5mg/kg in alternate days, during 17 days in the group I rats, and placebo was used in the group II. After seven days of nicotine and placebo use, the jejunum was sectioned and an anastomosis was done with polipropilene 6-0. In the 10th day the rats were killed with overdose of sulfuric ether and a biopsy of the anastomosis was made. The seccions were processed and colored with hematoxiline-eosine and the histological data were quantified through scores. The histological analysis revealed that the group I reached the score 135 (average 15±4,41) and the group II 218 (average 27,25±4,89). In agreement with the t test, the difference was significant (p <0,05). The data allow to conclude that the nicotine, when administered subcutaneously in rats, contributes to retard the healing of intestinal anastomoses.

Estudo com o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade de ocorrência de translocação bacteriana para os rins de ratos, após ligadura de colédoco. Foram utilizados 29 ratos Wistar com peso médio de 171 ± 12,6g. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo I (n=14) e grupo II (n=15). Com técnica asséptica, nos ratos no grupo I foi feita ligadura de colédoco com fio de seda nº 3 zeros e no grupo II foi simulada a ligadura com a simples manipulação do colédoco com pinça de Adson ("sham operation"). No 7º dia pós-operatório os animais foram sacrificados e ressecados os rins para exame histopatológico (coloração H.E.) e microbiológico (meios agar sangue e agar MacConkey). Houve crescimento bacteriano de Klebsiela sp em 28,5% dos casos no grupo I e foram observadas alterações histopatológicas significativas no mesmo grupo. As diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes quando foram comparados os 2 grupos (p<0,05). Concluímos que a icterícia obstrutiva em ratos provoca translocação bacteriana para os rins e alterações histopatológicas associadas.

Experimental study in order to determine if obstructive jaundice promotes basterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract to the kidney in rats. We used 29 Wistar male rats weighing 171±12,6g. They were ramdomly separated in goup I (n=14) and group II (n=15) and operated with asseptic technic. The group I underwent common bile ducts ligature with number 000 silk suture, and in group II (control) the common bile ducts were manipulated with Adson forceps, as a sham operation. On 7th postoperative day the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthesic and had their kidneys resected. Portions of each kidney were harvested for quantitation of bacterial translocation and histopatologic examination. The incidance of bacterial translocation was 28,5% (Klebsiella sp) in group I and 0% in group II (p<0,05). Intersticial edema, nephrosis and tubular degeneration were observed in group I and the histology was normal in group II. The authors conclude that obstructive ajundice promotes bacterial translocation to the kidney, associted to histopatological alterations in this organ.

Com objetivo de estudar afrequência e etiologia das lesões do tubo digestivo na Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), foram analisadas retrospectivamente 45 necrópsias consecutivas de pacientes adultos portadores do vírus da AIDS. Lesões macroscópicas e cortes histológicos de amostras da boca à região anal foram estudados, sendo as lâminas coradas por HE, métodos histoquímicos ou imunohistoquímicos. Trinta e sete (82,3 %)pacientes apresentaram lesões no tubo digestivo. O local mais freqüente de lesões foi a boca (73,3%), seguido do cólon (55,5%). Lesões múltiplas foram identificadas em 17 (37,7%) casos. O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi infecção pelo citomegalovírus (35,7%) identificado predominantemente no cólon. Candidíasefoi mais freqüente na boca (26,6%) e infecção herpética no esôfago (8,8%). Verificou-se leucoplasiapilosa oral em 16 (35,5%) eneoplasias emsete (15,5%). Asneoplasias incluíram quatro sarcomas de Kaposi, dois Carcinomas intramucosos anais e um linfoma gástrico. Os dados do presente estudo confirmam a importância do trato gastrointestinal como sede de alterações patológicas relacionadas à AIDS.

This study was designed to evaluate restropectivefy the frequency and etiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) lesions in 45 consecutive necropsies of adult patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Gross descriptions and histological sections of the GI tract, from mouth to anus, were reviewed. The slides were H&E stained, and when necessary special stains and immunohistochemicalmethods were also employed. There were lesions in GI tract in 37(82.3%) patients; the mouth was the segment mostfrequently involved (73.3% of the cases), followed by the colon (55.5%). Multiple lesions occurred in 17 (37.7%) cases. Cytomegalovirus caused colonic lesions in 35.7% of the cases. Candidiasis was observed in 26.6% mainly in the mouth and herpes simplex (8.8%) was the important agent of esophageal lesions. Oral hairy leukoplasia associated with HPV was found in 16 (35.5%) cases. Neoplasia was diagnosed in 7 (15.5%) cases: four Kaposi's sarcoma, two anal intramucosal carcinomas and one gastric lymphoma. Our data confirm the high frequency and variety of GI tract alterations in AIDS.