Abstract Objective: This study had the purpose investigate the physical activity (PA) and sedentary time profile of children with cerebral palsy and its association with body composition. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 53 children, between 2 and 10 years old, enrolled in three health services Recife-city, northeast of Brazil. Sedentary and PA were measured for a week using the ActiGraph GTX3 accelerometer. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and an electrical bioimpedance device. Results: Time on PA was one hour longer among the mild/moderate CP compared to severe ones, but, sedentary time is similar. Dyskinetic children spent more time in PA, but also in sedentary activities (15.5 hours a day) than spastic ones (12.8). Stunting occurred in 15 (30%) of the sample, all children with stunting had severe impairment. Underweight occurred in 25% of the severe group and 11.8% in the mild/moderate group. Overweight affected 3% of the sample; no overweight children were in the severe group. Body fat% was inversely related to time spent in moderate to vigorous PA. Conclusions: Children with CP spend more than a half of their daily time in sedentary activity. In contrast, children with mild to moderate CP spent twice as much time in moderate to vigorous PA and had a tendency (p = 0.07) to spend 50% more time in light PA. Moreover, time spent on moderate to vigorous activity was inversely related to fat mass.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre o uso da dieta enteral artesanal em crianças, no que se refere a composição nutricional, satisfação familiar e desfechos em saúde. Fontes de dados: Foi realizado levantamento nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando a estratégia de busca blenderized tube feeding OR blended tube feeding OR homemade OR pureed AND enteral nutrition AND enteral tube. Os artigos selecionados foram avaliados quanto à qualidade metodológica por meio de dois instrumentos: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e classificação hierárquica das evidências. Síntese dos dados: Após análise, 11 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou melhora dos desfechos em saúde e maior satisfação familiar após a substituição da dieta enteral industrializada pela dieta enteral artesanal. Conclusões: Observou-se que foi possível garantir uma composição nutricional adequada na dieta enteral artesanal quando orientada e monitorada pela equipe de saúde. Adicionalmente, o seu uso esteve relacionado a desfechos positivos em saúde, como redução das internações hospitalares e redução dos sintomas gastrointestinais. A frequência de satisfação familiar foi elevada.%

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze scientific evidence on the use of blenderized tube feeding in children regarding nutritional composition, family satisfaction, and health outcomes. Data source: Survey was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases using the following search terms: blenderized tube feeding OR blended tube feeding OR homemade OR pureed AND enteral nutrition AND enteral tube. The methodological quality of the selected articles was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme and Hierarchical Classification of Evidence. Data synthesis: After analysis, 11 articles were included in the present review. Most studies demonstrated improvements in health outcomes and greater family satisfaction after replacing the commercial enteral feeding with blenderized tube feeding. Conclusions: When guided and monitored by the healthcare team, a blenderized tube feeding ensures an adequate nutritional composition. The use of this method is also associated with positive health outcomes such as reductions in gastrointestinal symptoms and hospitalizations. Moreover, a high frequency of family satisfaction was verified.%

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o crescimento linear e o ganho de peso de lactentes com suspeita de alergia à proteína do leite de vaca, com manifestações gastrointestinais, atendidos em um ambulatório de gastropediatria. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com informações demográficas, clínicas, antropométricas e dietéticas de 84 lactentes que iniciaram atendimento entre 2015 e 2018 e foram acompanhados durante seis meses. Foram avaliados os índices estatura/idade, peso/idade e índice de massa corporal/idade em escore-z, segundo os pontos de corte da Organização Mundial de Saúde de 2006. Considerou-se crescimento acelerado (ou catch-up growth) um ganho ?0,67 escore-z nos referidos índices, avaliados em três e seis meses. Resultados No baseline, a mediana de idade foi 4,0 meses e 88,1% dos lactentes já estavam em dieta de exclusão. A frequência de baixa estatura foi de 15,5% e a de baixo peso foi de 8,3% e de 3,6% segundo os índices peso/idade e índice de massa corporal/idade, respectivamente. Houve elevado crescimento de recuperação durante o período de acompanhamento, mas que não configurou catch up. Nos meninos, ganhos no peso/idade e índice de massa corporal/idade foram significantes (p=0,02 e p=0,01) e próximos do limiar que caracteriza catch up: 0,58 e 0,59, respectivamente. Nas meninas, foram observados ganhos significantes na estatura/idade e peso/idade, de 0,38 e 0,37 (p=0,02 para ambos). Conclusão Demonstrou-se que lactentes com suspeita de alergia à proteína do leite de vaca, com manifestações gastrointestinais, deveriam ter acesso precoce ao aconselhamento nutricional para evitar exposição ao alimento alergênico, controlar sintomas e, assim, evitar a desnutrição ou garantir recuperação nutricional adequada.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess linear growth and weight gain in infants with suspected cow’s milk protein allergy with gastrointestinal manifestations, seen at a gastropediatrics clinic. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted with demographic, clinical, anthropometric and dietary information on 84 infants first seen between 2015 and 2018 and followed-up for six months. Stature-for-age, weight-for-age, and body mass index-for-age in z-scores were evaluated according to the cut off points established by the World Health Organization in 2006. Accelerated growth or catch-up was considered a gain ?0.67 in the z-score of the referred indices, evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Results Median age at baseline was 4.0 months and 88.1% of the infants were already in diet exclusion. Regarding the anthropometric evaluation short stature frequency was 15.5% and the underweight frequency was 8.3% and 3.6% respectively based on the weight-for-age and body mass index-for-age indices. High recovery growth was observed during the follow-up period but was not considered catch up. In boys, the gains in weight-for-age and body mass index-for-age were significant (p=0.02 and p=0.01 respectively) and close to the threshold that characterizes the catch up, 0.58 and 0.59, respectively. In girls, significant gains in stature-for-age and weight-for-age (0.38 and 0.37 respectively, p=0.02 for both) were observed. Conclusion Infants with suspected cow’s milk protein allergy with gastrointestinal manifestations should have early access to specialized nutritional counseling to avoid exposure to allergenic food and control allergy symptoms, thereby avoiding malnutrition and ensuring adequate nutritional recovery.

RESUMO Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os estilos alimentares adotados por mães adolescentes e as práticas e consumo alimentar dos seus filhos lactentes. Métodos Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, comparando um grupo de díades de 50 mães adolescentes (15 a 19 anos) e outro de 62 mães adultas (24 a 44 anos) e seus filhos lactentes (9 a 24 meses), atendidos em três unidades de Saúde da Família da Cidade do Recife. As mães foram entrevistadas para obtenção de dados socioeconômicos e das práticas alimentares, avaliadas pelos Indicadores de Práticas Alimentares Infantis da Criança Pequena. Os estilos alimentares foram classificados em responsivo, autoritário e passivo, segundo formulário adaptado de Carvalhaes, Perosa e Silveira de 2009. Foi calculada a frequência de consumo alimentar para seis grupos de alimentos (1. Pães e cereais; 2. Frutas, legumes e verduras; 3. Carnes, miúdos, ovos e feijão; 4. Leite e produtos lácteos; 5. Açúcares, doces e gorduras; 6. Industrializados). Realizou-se antropometria das crianças, e o índice de massa corporal por idade foi classificado em escore-Z de acordo com as curvas padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde, 2006. Resultados As mães adolescentes iniciaram alimentação complementar mais frequentemente antes do sétimo mês (p=0,02), apresentaram estilos menos responsivos (p=0,04) e mais autoritários de alimentação (p=0,01). Seus filhos receberam mais alimentos com açúcares, óleos e gorduras (p=0,02), sendo observada tendência a menor oferta de carnes, miúdos, ovos e feijão (p=0,06) do que aos filhos de mães adultas. Conclusão Mães adolescentes adotam estilos alimentares menos responsivos e oferecem alimentação complementar mais inadequada para seus filhos lactentes.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate feeding styles of adolescent mothers and complementary feeding practices of their infants. Methods A cross-sectional study comparing a group of dyads of 50 adolescent mothers (ages 15 to 19) with 62 adult mothers (ages 24 to 44) and their infants (9 to 24 months) was performed. All mothers and infants were assisted by three basic health family units in the city of Recife, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured interview on socioeconomic conditions, maternal styles of feeding the child, and evaluation of infant feeding practices. The food styles were classified as responsive, authoritative, and passive, according to the adapted form of Carvalhaes, Perosa and Silveira of 2009. The frequency of food intake was calculated for six food groups (1. Bread and cereals; 2. Fruits and vegetables; 3. Meat, eggs, and beans; 4. Milk and dairy products; 5. Sugars, sweets, and fats; 6. Industrialized food). Children’s anthropometry and body mass index by age were classified into Z-score according to the World Health Organization Standard Curves, 2006. Results Adolescent mothers began complementary feeding more frequently before the seventh month (.=0,02), presented less responsive (.=0.04) and more authoritarian feeding styles (.=0.01), and their children received more foods with sugars, oils, and fats (.=0.02), and less meat, eggs, and beans (.=0.06) than the children of adult mothers. Conclusion Adolescent mothers adopt less responsive eating styles and offer more inadequate complementary feeding for their infants.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar frequência da desnutrição e consumo alimentar de crianças com paralisia cerebral de acordo com a idade do início do tratamento de reabilitação fonoaudiológica e nutricional. Métodos Foram incluídas crianças de 2 a 11 anos com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral e que tinham até três meses de reabilitação fonoaudiológica e nutricional em dois centros de referência em Recife, Pernambuco. Submetidas a medidas de peso, altura do joelho, circunferência do braço e dobra cutânea tricipital. Peso, estatura estimada e índice de massa corporal foram classificados em escore-Z pelas curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Circunferência braquial, dobra cutânea tricipital e circunferência muscular do braço foram classificados segundo Frisancho. Utilizou-se o recordatório das 24 horas para calcular consumo de calorias, proteínas, cálcio, ferro, vitamina A e zinco, pelo software NutriWin®. Resultados Foram avaliados 68 pacientes. Crianças maiores que cinco anos tiveram maior frequência de desnutrição quando se considerava peso (p=0,02) e ou circunferência muscular do braço (p<0,001) apesar de menor desnutrição pela dobra tricipital (p=0,002). Estas também tinham menor consumo de calorias/kg/dia, proteína/kg/dia e cálcio do que os menores. Conclusão O maior comprometimento nutricional a partir de cinco anos sugere que intervenções nutricionais e fonoaudioló-gicas poderiam ter maior efeito caso fossem realizadas antes dessa idade.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the frequency of malnutrition and food consumption of children with cerebral palsy according to the age at the beginning of speech and hearing rehabilitation treatment. Methods Two to eleven-year-old children diagnosed with cerebral palsy who had up to three months of speech-language and nutritional rehabilitation were included in two reference centers in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The following measurement of the children were taken: weight, knee height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold. Weight, estimated height and body mass index were classified into Z-scores according to the World Health Organization curves. Brachial circumference, triceps skinfold and arm circumference were classified according to Frisancho. The 24-hour recall was used to calculate intake of calories, proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and zinc using the NutriWin software. Results A total of 68 patients were evaluated. Children older than five had a higher frequency of malnutrition when weight (.=0.02) and arm circumference (.<0.001) were considered, although there was less triceps malnutrition (.=0.002). These also had lower calorie consumption per kg/day, protein/kg/day and calcium than the younger children. Conclusion The greatest nutritional impairment after the age of five suggests that nutritional and speech therapy interventions could have a greater effect if they were performed before that age.

Resumo Objetivos: Descrever as recomendações atuais sobre a melhor maneira de conduzir o paciente pediátrico com doença diarreica aguda. Fonte dos dados: PubMed, Scopus, Scholar Google. Síntese dos dados: Houve pouco avanço no uso dos sais de reidratação oral (SRO) nas últimas décadas apesar de ser amplamente divulgado por meio de diretrizes internacionais. Vários estudos vêm sendo feitos na tentativa de melhorar a eficácia do SRO. Hidratação venosa com solução salina isotônica, infundida de forma rápida, deve ser indicada em casos de desidratação grave. A nutrição deve ser assegurada logo após a resolução da desidratação e é primordial para a saúde intestinal e imunológica. Restrições alimentares usualmente não são benéficas e podem ser prejudiciais. As medicações sintomáticas têm indicação restrita e antibióticos são indicados em casos específicos, cólera e shiguelose moderada a grave. Conclusões: A hidratação e a nutrição continuam a ser as intervenções com melhor impacto sobre o curso da diarreia aguda.

Abstract Objectives: To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatric patients with acute diarrheal disease. Data source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Data summary: There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in recent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines. Several studies have been performed to improve the effectiveness of ORS. Intravenous hydration with isotonic saline solution, quickly infused, should be given in cases of severe dehydration. Nutrition should be ensured after the dehydration resolution, and is essential for intestinal and immune health. Dietary restrictions are usually not beneficial and may be harmful. Symptomatic medications have limited indication and antibiotics are indicated in specific cases, such as cholera and moderate to severe shigellosis. Conclusions: Hydration and nutrition are the interventions with the greatest impact on the course of acute diarrhea.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar um questionário específico para avaliação de qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças e adolescentes com doença celíaca (DC), o Celiac Disease DUX (CDDUX). MÉTODO: Foram seguidas as etapas descritas por Reichenheim e Moraes (2007) para obtenção de equivalências conceitual, de itens, semântica, operacional e de mensuração. Participaram do estudo quatro gastroenterologistas pediátricos, um profissional com experiência em validação de instrumentos, três professores de inglês e 33 pacientes celíacos, entre oito e 18 anos, com seus responsáveis. Foram comparados os escores de QV obtidos dos pacientes com os obtidos por meio dos seus responsáveis. Dentro do grupo de pacientes, compararam-se os escores em relação ao sexo e idade. RESULTADOS: Todos os itens foram considerados pertinentes ao construto e foi atingida boa equivalência semântica da versão. A análise fatorial exploratória demonstrou carga fatorial adequada de todos os itens e boa consistência interna, com a de Cronbach de 0,81. Foi evidenciada diferença significativa entre o escore final do CDDUX de crianças e seus pais. Não houve diferença do escore final do questionário em relação ao sexo ou à idade. CONCLUSÃO: A tradução e adaptação seguiram adequadamente as etapas propostas, com a equivalência sendo atingida de maneira satisfatória. O instrumento traduzido mostrou-se válido para avaliação da QV de crianças e adolescentes com DC.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a specific questionnaire for the evaluation of celiac children and adolescents, the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX). METHODS: The steps suggested by Reichenheim and Moraes (2007) were followed to obtain conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalences. Four pediatric gastroenterologists; a researcher with tool validation background; three English teachers; and 33 celiac patients, aged 8-18 years, and their caregivers participated in the study. The scores of celiac patients and those obtained from their caregivers were compared. Among the patients, the scores were compared in relation to gender and age. RESULTS: All items were considered relevant to the construct and good semantic equivalence of the version was acquired. During measurement equivalence, the exploratory factor analysis showed appropriate weight of all items and good internal consistency, with Cronbach's a of 0.81. Significant difference was found among the final scores of children and their caregivers. There was no difference among the final scores in relation to gender or age. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire was translated and adapted according to all the proposed steps, with all equivalences adequately met. It is a valid tool to access the QoL of celiac children and adolescents in the translated language.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a positividade sorológica para doença celíaca em um grupo de adolescentes e adultos jovens da cidade do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por estudantes matriculados nos cursos de graduação do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Os estudantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para pesquisa sorológica do anticorpo antitransglutaminase tecidual humana e responderam a questionário sobre sintomas e condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. O anticorpo antitrans-glutaminase foi pesquisado por técnica de Elisa, considerando-se positivos valores acima de 10 U/mL, conforme estabelecido pelo fabricante. Nos pacientes que tiveram sorologia positiva para o anticorpo antitransglutaminase realizou-se a sorologia para o anticorpo antiendomíseo, por imunofluorescência indireta, utilizando kit comercialmente disponível. RESULTADOS: seiscentos e oitenta e três universitários participaram da pesquisa. Os estudantes tinham entre 18 e 30 anos e mediana de idade de 21 anos. O anticorpo antitransglutaminase foi positivo em 12/683, soroprevalência de 1,76% (IC95%: 0,95-3,13%). O anticorpo antiendomíseo foi realizado em 11 amostras e reagente em quatro. Oito estudantes com sorologia positiva tinham sintomas e/ou condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. CONCLUSÕES: a elevada presença de anticorpos anti-transglutaminase encontrada neste estudo é semelhante a da Europa e Estados Unidos da América, sugere a possibilidade da triagem sorológica mesmo em populações consideradas de baixo risco.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate serum for celiac disease in a group of adolescents and young adults in the city of Recife, in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHODS: the sample was made up of students enrolled on undergraduate courses at the Center for Health Sciences of the Federal University of Pernambuco. A blood sample was taken from the students to test their serum for the human tissue antitransglutaminase antibody and they were asked to complete a questionnaire on the symptoms and morbid conditions associated with celiac disease. THE antitransglutaminase was identified using the Elisa technique, taking positive values to be those above 10 U/mL, as recommended by the manufacturer. Patients who tested positive for the antitransglutaminase antibody were subsequently tested for the antiendomysial antibody, by indirect immunofluorescence, using the commercially available kit. RESULTS: six hundred and eight-three university students took part in the study. They were aged between 18 and 30 years, with a mean age of 21 years. The antitransglutaminase antibody was found in 12/683, a prevalence of 1.76% (CI95%: 0.95-3.13%). The antiendomysial antibody test was carried out in eleven these samples and the reagent in four. Eight students tested positive and/or had morbid conditions associated with celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: the high levels of anti-transglutaminase antibodies found in this study were similar to those found in Europe and the United States suggesting that serological triage can be carried out even in populations considered to be low risk.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 and the alleles A1*05, A1*0201, B1*0201 and B1*0302 in individuals with celiac disease in Recife, northeastern Brazil. METHODS: HLA DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping was performed for 73 individuals with celiac disease and 126 first-degree relatives with negative transglutaminase serology. The alleles DQA1*05, DQA1*0201, DQB1*02 and DQB1*0302 were identified by sequencing using specific primers and the EU-DQ kit from the Eurospital Laboratory, Trieste, Italy and double-checked by the All Set SPP kit (Dynal). RESULTS: Among the 73 cases, 50 (68.5%) had the genotype DQ2, 13 (17.8%) had DQ8, 5 (6.8%) had DQ2 and DQ8, and 5 did not have any of these genotypes. Among the 5 negative individuals, four had the B1*02 allele and one did not have any of the alleles studied. B1*02 was the most frequent allele in both groups (94% in the patients and 89% in the control relatives). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, celiac disease was associated with the genotypes DQ2 and DQ8. DQ2 predominated, but the distribution of the frequencies was different from what has been found in European populations and was closer to what has been found in the Americas. The high frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 that were found in first-degree relatives would make it difficult to use these HLA genotypes for routine diagnosis of celiac disease in this group.