Abstract Background Cerebral changes occur in individuals with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1 )-associated myelopathy (HAM) and seem to predominate in subcortical areas. Little is known about the cognitive decline in the elderly living with HTLV-1. Objective To evaluate the cognitive aging of individuals infected with HTLV-1 aged ≥ 50 years. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of former blood donors infected with HTLV-1 who have been followed in the cohort of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on HTLV-1 since 1997. The groups of study consisted of 79 HTLV-1 infected individuals aged ≥ 50 years, with 41 of them presenting symptomatic HAM and 38 being asymptomatic carriers, and 59 seronegative individuals (controls) aged ≥ 60 years. All were submitted to the P300 electrophysiological test and neuropsychological tests. Results Individuals with HAM presented delayed P300 latency in relation to the other groups, and this latency delay increased progressively with aging. The performance of this group in the neuropsychological tests was also the worst. The HTLV-1- asymptomatic group performance was similar to that of the control group. Conclusions Individuals with HAM presented cognitive decline that progressed with aging and, although HTLV-1-asymptomatic carriers appear to present cognitive aging similar to that of healthy elderly people, concern about a subclinical cognitive impairment is warranted in this population.

Resumo Antecedentes Alterações cerebrais ocorrem em indivíduos com mielopatia associada ao vírus da leucemia de células T humanas tipo 1 (HTLV-1) (HAM) e parecem predominar em áreas subcorticais. Pouco se sabe sobre o declínio cognitivo em idosos vivendo com HTLV-1. Objetivo Avaliar o envelhecimento cognitivo de indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 com idade ≥ 50 anos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal com ex-doadores de sangue infectados pelo HTLV-1 acompanhados na coorte do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em HTLV-1 há 20 anos. Os grupos de estudo foram compostos por 79 indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 com idade ≥ 50 anos, sendo que 41 apresentavam HAM e 38 eram portadores assintomáticos, e 59 indivíduos soronegativos (controles) com idade ≥ 60 anos. Todos foram submetidos ao teste eletrofisiológico P300 e testes neuropsicológicos. Resultados Indivíduos com HAM apresentaram atraso na latência do P300 em relação aos demais grupos, e esse atraso de latência aumentou progressivamente com o envelhecimento. O desempenho desse grupo nos testes neuropsicológicos também foi o pior. O desempenho do grupo HTLV-1- assintomático foi semelhante ao do grupo controle. Conclusão Indivíduos com HAM apresentaram declínio cognitivo que progrediu com o envelhecimento e, embora os portadores assintomáticos do HTLV-1 pareçam apresentar envelhecimento cognitivo semelhante ao dos idosos saudáveis, justificase a preocupação com um comprometimento cognitivo subclínico nessa população.

ABSTRACT Nutri-priming is a low-cost and highly effective way of supplying seeds with micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of the Pérola cultivar of the common bean under nutrient solutions containing molybdenum, cobalt and zinc for different imbibition times. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and greenhouse of the State University of Goiás UEG - UnU Ipameri, using a completely randomised experimental design, with eight micronutrient treatments (T1. Control; T2. Mo; T3. Zn; T4. Co; T5. Mo + Co; T6. Mo + Zn; T7. Zn + Co; T8. Mo + Co + Zn) and six imbibition times (6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours). The variables under analysis were seed imbibition, germination test, first germination count, accelerated ageing, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length, total length, fresh weight, dry weight, and shoot and root biomass. The micronutrients afforded an increase in germination in the seed batches under evaluation; on the other hand, imbibition times of greater than four hours reduced the germination capacity of the seeds. It can be concluded that nutri-priming in the common bean is only beneficial for an imbibition time of up to four hours.

ABSTRACT Information on irrigation management is essential for achieving satisfactory results when cultivating the green pepper. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effects of water deficit, which varies according to phenological stage, on the production, growth and physiology of a crop of green peppers. The experimental design was completely randomised, with seven treatments, four repetitions, and plots comprising two plants. The treatments consisted of replacing the water demand during phenological phases I, II, III and IV (in terms of percentage ETc): T1 - 100%/I, 100%/II, 100%/III and 100%/IV; T2 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 100%/III and 75%/IV; T3 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 75%/III and 75%/IV; T4 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 75%/III and 50%/IV; T5 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 75%/III and 50%/IV; T6 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 50%/III and 50%/IV; T7 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 50%/III and 25%/IV. The plants were grown in the field under drip irrigation. The following variables were analysed: plant height; stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, number of fruits per plant, soluble solids, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, productivity, relative chlorophyll index, gas exchange, and water use efficiency. Compared to T1, management based on T2, T3 and T4 did not reduce expression of the vast majority of the vegetative variables or of gas exchange. The water deficit from T2 can be employed without any significant reduction in productivity and affords water savings of 12.5% in relation to T1. T1 and T2 give the highest values for water use efficiency. Management based on T1 and T2 is therefore recommended for cultivating the green pepper under field conditions.

ABSTRACT The limited availability of low-salinity water for irrigation in the Northeastern semi-arid region has restricted food production, making it necessary to use strategies to reduce the effects of salt stress on plants. Among the alternatives, the foliar application of salicylic acid stands out. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in mitigating salt stress on the gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of ‘Canindé’ okra in a hydroponic system. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in Pombal - PB, using the Nutrient Film Technique - NFT hydroponic system. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme, with four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 3.6, 5.1, and 6.6 dS m-1) as the plots and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mM) as the subplots, with four replicates and two plants per plot. SA concentration of 3.6 mM was able to minimize the effect of nutrient solution salinity on chlorophyll a fluorescence and increase the synthesis of chlorophyll b in okra plants, 34 days after transplanting. Nutrient solution salinity above 2.1 dS m-1 negatively affected gas exchange, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, and growth and increased electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of okra plants.

RESUMO A limitada disponibilidade de água de baixa salinidade para irrigação no semiárido Nordestino tem restringido a produção de alimentos, fazendo necessário uso de estratégias para reduzir os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas. Dentre as alternativas, destaca-se a aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na mitigação do estresse salino nas trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a, pigmentos fotossintéticos e crescimento do quiabeiro ‘Canindé’ em sistema hidropônico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal - PB, utilizando-se o sistema de cultivo hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutrientes - NFT. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,6; 5,1 e 6,6 dS m-1) considerados as parcelas e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 mM), as subparcelas, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A concentração de 3,6 mM de AS foi capaz de minimizar o efeito da salinidade da solução nutritiva na fluorescência da clorofila a e promoveu aumento na síntese de clorofila b das plantas de quiabeiro, aos 34 dias após o transplantio. A salinidade da solução nutritiva acima de 2,1 dS m-1 afetou negativamente as trocas gasosas, o conteúdo relativo de água, os pigmentos fotossintéticos, o crescimento e elevou o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de quiabeiro.

Neste ensaio, proponho uma interlocução entre fotografia e psicanálise. Dentre as diversas análises possíveis acerca deste encontro, inquieta-me, sobretudo, a dimensão do tempo. Com o intuito de pensar a temporalidade pela perspectiva da fotografia, parto, inicialmente, de algumas provocações de Barthes e Soulages, estendendo-as a outros autores que contribuíram com este debate. Para explorá-la a partir da psicanálise, examino algumas contribuições de Freud, Winnicott e Lacan. Por fim, busco tecer, a partir da apresentação de uma vinheta clínica, algumas aproximações entre os dois campos, apontando que os papéis desempenhados pelo instante e pela duração representam temas essenciais para ambos. ensaio psicanálise encontro inquietame, inquietame inquieta me, me inquieta-me sobretudo tempo parto inicialmente Soulages estendendoas estendendo debate explorála explorá la Freud Lacan fim tecer clínica campos ambos

En este ensayo, propongo una interlocución entre la fotografía y el psicoanálisis. Entre los diversos análisis posibles de este encuentro, mi principal preocupación es la dimensión del tiempo. Para pensar la temporalidad desde la perspectiva de la fotografía, parto, inicialmente, de algunas provocaciones de Barthes y Soulages, extendiéndolas a otros autores que contribuyeron a este debate. Para explorarlo desde el psicoanálisis, examino algunas aportaciones de Freud, Winnicott y Lacan. Por último, intento tejer, a partir de la presentación de una viñeta clínica, algunas aproximaciones entre los dos campos, señalando que los papeles desempeñados por el instante y por la duración representan temas esenciales para ambos. ensayo psicoanálisis encuentro tiempo parto inicialmente Soulages debate Freud Lacan último tejer clínica campos ambos

In this essay, I propose an interlocution between photography and psychoanalysis. Among the various possible analyses of this encounter, my main concern is the dimension of time. In order to think temporality from the perspective of photography, I start, initially, with some provocations from Barthes and Soulages, extending them to other authors who contributed to this debate. To explore it from the psychoanalysis, I examine some contributions of Freud, Winnicott and Lacan. Finally, I seek to weave, from the presentation of a clinical vignette, some approximations between the two fields, pointing out that the roles played by the instant and by duration represent essential themes for both. essay psychoanalysis encounter time start initially Soulages debate Freud Lacan Finally weave vignette fields both

Dans cet essai, je propose une interlocution entre la photographie et la psychanalyse. Parmi les différentes analyses possibles de cette rencontre, ma principale préoccupation est la dimension du temps. Pour penser la temporalité du point de vue de la photographie, je commence, dans un premier temps, par quelques provocations de Barthes et Soulages, en les étendant à d’autres auteurs qui ont contribué à ce débat. Pour l’explorer à partir de la psychanalyse, j’examine certaines contributions de Freud, Winnicott et Lacan. Enfin, je cherche à tisser, à partir de la présentation d’une vignette clinique, quelques rapprochements entre les deux domaines, en soulignant que les rôles joués par l’instant et par la durée représentent des thèmes essentiels pour les deux. essai psychanalyse rencontre temps commence Soulages dautres d autres débat lexplorer l explorer jexamine j examine Freud Lacan Enfin tisser dune clinique domaines linstant instant

RESUMO A ausência de drenagem associada a elevada evapotranspiração e precipitações irregulares contribuem para o acúmulo de sais no solo reduzindo a absorção de nutrientes e a produtividade. O manejo nutricional é importante para que a cultura expresse seu máximo potencial produtivo, sendo o nitrogênio o macronutriente mais requerido pela cultura do milho. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e os teores foliares na cultura do milho sob diferentes recomendações de adubação nitrogenada e estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho a setembro de 2019, na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira em Redenção-CE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, com 6 repetições, sendo dois níveis de condutividade elétrica (0,3 dS m-1 e 3,0 dS m-1), com três recomendações de adubação nitrogenada (0, 50 e 100% da recomendação). As variáveis analisadas foram massa da espiga com e sem palha, produtividade e os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Na. A irrigação com água salina, diminui a massa da espiga com e sem palha e a produtividade. As recomendações 50% e 100% de adubação nitrogenada proporcionaram maiores valores de massa da espiga com e sem palha e os teores foliares de N, porém diminuíram os de P. As recomendações de 50% e 100% proporcionam maiores valores de produtividade nas duas águas estudadas (0,3 e 3,0 dS m-1). As recomendações 50% e 100% associadas a irrigação com água salina aumentaram os teores foliares de K, Na, Mg e Ca.

ABSTRACT Absence of drainage associated with high evapotranspiration and irregular precipitations contributes to the accumulation of salts in the soil, reducing nutrient absorption and yield. Nutritional management is important for the crop to express its maximum production potential, and nitrogen is the macronutrient most required by the corn crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and leaf contents in corn under different nitrogen fertilization recommendations and salt stress. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019, at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony in Redenção-CE, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicates, with two levels of electrical conductivity (0.3 dS m-1 and 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen fertilization recommendations (0, 50 and 100% of the recommendation). The variables analyzed were unhusked ear weight, husked ear weight, yield and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Irrigation with saline water (3.0 dS m-1) reduces the unhusked ear weight, husked ear weight and yield. Nitrogen fertilization recommendations of 50% and 100% promoted higher values of unhusked ear weight, husked ear weight and leaf N contents, but reduced leaf P contents. The 50% and 100% recommendations promote higher yield values for the two levels of electrical conductivity studied (0.3 and 3.0 dS m-1). The 50% and 100% recommendations associated with saline water irrigation increased the leaf contents of K, Na, Mg and Ca.

RESUMO: A pesquisa teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma bebida à base de extrato hidrossolúvel de castanha de caju (EHCC), fermentada com a cepa probiótica Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334. As formulações foram definidas pelo planejamento fatorial 22, com as variáveis independentes: concentração de Lb. paracasei (1%, 1,5% e 2%) e castanha de caju (100 g, 200 g e 300 g), e as variáveis dependentes: Composição (Umidade, Lipídios, Proteínas, Cinzas e Carboidratos) e Análise Sensorial (testes de aceitação e ordenação). A concentração de Lb. paracasei no EHCC apresentou valores entre 7,72 log UFC/g a 8,27 log UFC/g com seis horas de fermentação. De acordo com o FDA, esses valores indicam o potencial probiótico das formulações (acima de 6 log UFC/g); a concentração de castanha de caju (CCC) teve influência significativa (P < 0,05) em todos os parâmetros físico-químicos e atributos sensoriais do EHCC fermentado demonstrando-se como fator determinante para qualidade nutricional do produto; a concentração de Lb. paracasei afetou significativamente (P < 0,05) a redução da umidade e o aumento dos conteúdos de lipídios e cinzas. As bebidas F3 (300 g CCC, 1% Lb. paracasei) e F4 (300 g CCC, 2% Lb. paracasei) obtiveram as maiores notas no teste de aceitação e nos atributos aroma, sabor e impressão global. O estudo indicou que, além da boa aceitação sensorial o EHCC fermentado pode fornecer concentração de probióticos acima de 7 log UFC g-1, sendo assim uma promissora alternativa para atender a demanda diária de probióticos à pessoas que apresentam restrição à produtos lácteos.

ABSTRACT: The research elaborat a drink based on a water-soluble cashew nut extract (WCNE), fermented with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334. The formulations were defined by factorial design 22, with the independent variables: concentration of Lb. paracasei (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and cashew nuts (100 g, 200 g, and 300 g), and the dependent variables: Composition (Moisture, Lipids, Proteins, Ashes and Carbohydrates) and Sensory Analysis (acceptance and ordination tests). The Lb. paracasei concentration in the WCNE registered between 7.72 log CFU g-1 to 8.27 log CFU g-1 for 6 hours of fermentation. According to the FDA, these values indicated a probiotic potential to the formulations (above 6 log CFU g-1). The concentration of cashew nuts (CNC) had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on all physical-chemical parameters and sensory attributes of the fermented WCNE, demonstrating itself as a determining factor for the product nutritional quality. The concentration of Lb. paracasei affected significantly (P < 0.05) the reduction of humidity and the increase of lipids and ash contents. The drinks F3 (300g CNC, 1% Lb. paracasei) and F4 (300g CNC, 2% Lb. paracasei) obtained the highest scores in the acceptance test and in the attributes of aroma, flavor, and overall impression. The study indicated that, in addition to good sensory acceptance, fermented WCNE can provide a concentration of probiotics above 7 log CFU g-1, thus being a promising alternative to meet the daily demand of probiotics for people who are restricted to dairy products.

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

ABSTRACT Inferior quality water can be used by agricultural producers in arid and semi-arid regions due to the lower availability of good-quality water. Therefore, the objective was to identify the influence of irrigation with saline water on gas exchange and leaf contents in corn (Zea mays L.) crop. The work was conducted in the field, in the experimental area of the Experimental Farm of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia (UNILAB), Redenção-CE. The experimental design used in the research was randomized blocks, with five treatments: 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1 and four repetitions. At 45 days after sowing (DAS) the gas exchange variables were evaluated: transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and leaf temperature. And at 110 DAS the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in plant leaves. The saline stress due to saltwater irrigation leads to a reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration in field maize plants. Salt stress reduces the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg mineral elements in maize leaves.

ABSTRACT The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS.

RESUMO A adubação organomineral é uma alternativa para mitigar o estresse salino em regiões semiáridas. Baseado nisso, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação organomineral sob os índices fisiológicos na cultura do amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade. O experimento foi realizado no período de junho a setembro de 2019, na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), no município de Redenção, Ceará, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, fazendo uso do esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco fertilizantes de solo (F1= 100% fertilizante mineral NPK na taxa recomendada; F2= 100% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; F3= 100% cinza vegetal; F4= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; e F5= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% de cinzas de plantas); e dois níveis de salinidade (condutividade elétrica) da água de irrigação (1,0 e 5,0 dS m-1). A taxa fotossintética, a transpiração, a condutância estomática, a temperatura foliar, a concentração interna de CO2, a eficiência do uso da água e o índice de clorofila das plantas foram avaliados aos 40 e 54 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Plantas irrigadas com água de baixa salinidade proporcionaram maiores valores de condutância estomática, taxa fotossintética e transpiração, independentemente do método de fertilização adotado. A adubação com biofertilizante bovino 100% atenua o estresse salino e aumenta a eficiência no uso da água aos 40 DAS, além de mitigar a temperatura foliar e favorecer o maior teor relativo de clorofila aos 54 DAS.

RESUMO A interferência de plantas daninhas representa um dos fatores de maior impacto na redução da produtividade na cultura da cenoura. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cenoura em dois sistemas de irrigação localizada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas dos dois sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento e microaspersão), e as subparcelas corresponderam à duração da convivência com as plantas daninhas, constituídos de períodos de controle (no limpo) ou convivência (no mato) das plantas daninhas com a cultura (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 120 dias após a emergência (DAE)). O início e o fim do período crítico de prevenção a interferência (PCPI), com base em uma perda de produtividade de 2,5, 5 e 10 % de cenoura comercializável, foi determinado pelo ajuste do modelo Sigmoide aos dados de produção relativa. A presença da comunidade de plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura pode acarretar perdas de até 98% na produtividade. O PCPI variou em 16 dias entre os sistemas de irrigação utilizados. O cultivo da cenoura com e sem competição, sob o sistema de irrigação por microaspersão apresentou maior produtividade em comparação ao cultivo no sistema de gotejamento. No sistema de irrigação por gotejamento o PCPI foi de 23 DAE e no sistema de irrigação por microaspersão foi de 7 DAE, considerando perdas de produtividade de 5 %.

ABSTRACT Weed interference is one of the factors that reduces carrot yield considerably. The aim of this study was to determine the periods of weed interference in carrots cultivated under two localized irrigation systems. The experiment used a completely randomized block design, with three replications, using the split plot scheme. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler) and the subplots corresponded to the duration of coexistence of the crop with weeds, comprising periods of control (weed -free) or coexistence (with weeds) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 120 days after emergence (DAE) of the crop). Considering a yield loss of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% in marketable carrots, the beginning and end of the critical period of weed control (CPWC) was determined by adjusting a sigmoid model to the relative production data. The presence of the weed community throughout the crop cycle resulted in yield losses of up to 98%. The CPWP varied for the irrigation systems used. Carrot cultivation with and without competition, under the micro sprinkler irrigation system showed a higher yield than with the drip system. Considering a yield loss of 5%, the CPWC was 23 DAE and 7 DAE in the drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation systems, respectively.

Abstract Lettuce is a vegetable most consumed and produced on a large scale in the world, it deserves special attention for its nutritional and functional value. Cultivated in the conventional, hydroponic and organic method, it presents different characteristics in production, which may influence the composition of this vegetable. It is indisputable that regular consumption of vegetables is beneficial due to the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties that protect and promote human health. In this study, the total phenolic compound, flavonoid, and tannin contents, as well as the antioxidant activities of lettuce samples from conventional, hydroponic, and conventional cultivars were analyzed. An extract was prepared using 80% acetone. The contents of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins were determined. The antioxidant activity was determined by the radical capture method using DPPH. It was observed that the organic cultivation system had the highest values of ash, protein, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, followed by the hydroponic system. The organic system presented greater protein content and higher content of bioactive compounds, justifying the high antioxidant activity. Therefore, the organic farming system favors the highest concentration in the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

Abstract The improvement of superior wheat cultivars depends on the identification of promising segregating populations to derive superior lines. A lattice model (8×8) involving 56 F2 populations and eight parents was conducted in the 2020 cropping season, and grain yield per plant was evaluated for every F2 population, with further analysis of the population potential by Jinks and Pooni method via REML/BLUP. A total of 5,410 F2 plants were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the use of genetic variance associated with the individual genotypic value (BLUP) was superior compared with the use of variance and traditional phenotypic values. The F2 populations, CD 1303/BRS 254, CD 1303/Tbio Duque, CD 1303/Tbio Ponteiro, BRS 264/Tbio Aton, Tbio Ponteiro/Tbio Aton, and Tbio Sossego/CD 1303 had the highest likelihood of deriving superior lines.

RESUMO O manejo adequado de águas salobras pode aumentar a produção vegetal no semiárido brasileiro. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a ação mitigadora da cobertura do solo na produção e eficiência no uso da água em genótipos de amendoim sob estresse salino. O estudo foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,9 e 5,0 dS m-1), dois genótipos de amendoim (AC 130 e cv. BR-1) e a presença e ausência da cobertura vegetal morta, com quatro repetições. Aos 72 dias após a semeadura foi realizada a colheita das vagens e avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: vagens comerciais, vagens não comerciais, massa, diâmetro e comprimento da vagem, produção e eficiência no uso da água. A salinidade impactou mais a produção do que a eficiência do uso da água nos dois genótipos de amendoim, sendo que a redução relativa na produção foi maior na cv. BR-1. A cobertura do solo com material vegetal morto minorou os efeitos da salinidade sobre a produção e aumentou a eficiência do uso da água, apenas no genótipo AC 130.

ABSTRACT Proper management of brackish water can increase plant production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance and water use efficiency of two peanut genotypes irrigated with brackish water during the reproductive stage, in soil with and without soil cover. The study was conducted in a greenhouse. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replicates, in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme (two electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw 0.9 and 5.0 dS m-1, two peanut genotypes - AC 130 and cv. BR1, and the presence or absence of soil cover). At 72 days after sowing, harvest was performed and the following variables were evaluated: number of marketable pods, number of non-marketable pods, pod mass, diameter and length, production and water use efficiency. Salinity impacted production more than the water use efficiency in the two peanut genotypes, with the relative reduction in production being higher in cv. BR-1. Soil cover with dead plant material mitigated the effects of salinity on production and increased water use efficiency, only in genotype AC 130.

RESUMO No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade genética entre famílias de meios irmãos de milho para resistência a doenças foliares associada ao seu potencial agronômico, identificando grupos de famílias que possam ser utilizadas como fontes de resistência na cultura do milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Goiás na Regional Jataí, em Jataí (GO), constituído por 182 famílias de meios-irmãos de milho e dois híbridos comerciais como testemunha. As 182 famílias de meios-irmãos foram divididas em três experimentos com 60, 60 e 62 famílias, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliados oito caracteres quantitativos e quatro doenças foliares. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise multivariada para medir a divergência genética para as quatro doenças foliares representada pela distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Com base na matriz de dissimilaridade genética foi construído o dendrograma pelo método de agrupamento da distância média entre grupos (UPGMA). Após a definição dos grupos, realizou-se a análise de variância univariada, a fim de avaliar os efeitos dos grupos sobre cada caráter estudado. Foram realizadas comparações entre as médias dos grupos, utilizando-se do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A incidência de mancha branca (32.53%) foi a doença que mais contribuiu para a divergência total entre as famílias. O grupo 10 destacou -se dentre os demais como fonte de resistência para o complexo de doenças associado a produtividade. A variabilidade genética das famílias para o complexo de doenças foliares revela potencial para futuros estudos voltados para piramidação de genes.

ABSTRACT In the present study the objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity among families of maize siblings for resistance to foliar diseases associated with their agronomic potential, identifying groups of families that can be used as sources of resistance in maize crop. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Goiás at the Jataí Regional Unit, in Jataí, GO, Brazil, constituted by 182 half-sibling families of maize and two commercial hybrids as a control. The 182 half-sibling families were divided into three experiments with 60, 60 and 62 families, respectively. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replicates. Eight quantitative characters and 4 foliar diseases were evaluated. The multivariate analysis technique was used to measure the genetic divergence for the four foliar diseases represented by the generalized Mahalanobis distance. Based on the genetic dissimilarity matrix, the dendrogram was constructed using the clustering method of the average distance between groups (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean - UPGMA). After defining the groups, univariate analysis of variance was performed in order to evaluate the effects of the groups on each character studied. Comparisons were made between the means of the groups, using the Tukey test (p <0.05). White spot (32.53%) was the disease that most contributed to the total divergence between families. Group 10 stood out among the others as a source of resistance to the disease complex associated with yield. The genetic variability of families for foliar disease complex reveals potential for future studies facing pyramiding genes.