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Association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalization for SARS-Cov-2: an ecological time-series study
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Ribeiro, Paola Cristina

; Cunha, Cristóvão José Dias da

; Santos, Adriana de Oliveira Ribeiro dos

; Lucarevschi, Bianca Rezende

; César, Ana Cristina Gobbo

; Nascimento, Luiz Fernando Costa

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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2023, Volume 141 N. 4 elocation e2022210

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE: To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS: There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION: An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0210.r2.09082022

Lesão Miocárdica e Prognóstico em Pacientes Hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil: Resultados do Registro Nacional de COVID-19
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Barbosa, Hannah Cardoso

; Martins, Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras

; Jesus, Jordana Cristina de

; Meira, Karina Cardoso

; Passaglia, Luiz Guilherme

; Sacioto, Manuela Furtado

; Bezerra, Adriana Falangola Benjamin

; Schwarzbold, Alexandre Vargas

; Maurílio, Amanda de Oliveira

; Farace, Barbara Lopes

; Silva, Carla Thais Cândida Alves da

; Cimini, Christiane Corrêa Rodrigues

; Silveira, Daniel Vitorio

; Carazai, Daniela do Reis

; Ponce, Daniela

; Costa, Emanuel Victor Alves

; Manenti, Euler Roberto Fernandes

; Cenci, Evelin Paola de Almeida

; Bartolazzi, Frederico

; Madeira, Glícia Cristina de Castro

; Nascimento, Guilherme Fagundes

; Velloso, Isabela Vasconcellos Pires

; Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra

; Morais, Júlia Drumond Parreiras de

; Carvalho, Juliana da Silva Nogueira

; Ruschel, Karen Brasil

; Martins, Karina Paula Medeiros Prado

; Zandoná, Liege Barella

; Menezes, Luanna Silva Monteiro

; Kopittke, Luciane

; Castro, Luís César de

; Nasi, Luiz Antônio

; Floriani, Maiara Anschau

; Souza, Maíra Dias

; Carneiro, Marcelo

; Bicalho, Maria Aparecida Camargos

; Lima, Maria Clara Pontello Barbosa

; Godoy, Mariana Frizzo de

; Guimarães-Júnior, Milton Henriques

; Mendes, Paulo Mascarenhas

; Delfino-Pereira, Polianna

; Ribeiro, Raquel Jaqueline Eder

; Finger, Renan Goulart

; Menezes, Rochele Mosmann

; Francisco, Saionara Cristina

; Araújo, Silvia Ferreira

; Oliveira, Talita Fischer

; Oliveira, Thainara Conceição de

; Polanczyk, Carisi Anne

; Marcolino, Milena Soriano

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 2 elocation e20220151

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are important aspects of the disease’s pathogenesis and prognosis. Evidence on the prognostic role of troponin and myocardial injury in Latin American hospitalized COVID-19 patients is still scarce. Objectives To evaluate myocardial injury as independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support in hospitalized patients, from the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. Methods This cohort study is a substudy of the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry, conducted in 31 Brazilian hospitals of 17 cities, March-September 2020. Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support. Models for the primary outcomes were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance, with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results Of 2,925 patients (median age of 60 years [48-71], 57.1% men), 27.3% presented myocardial injury. The proportion of patients with comorbidities was higher among patients with cardiac injury (median 2 [1-2] vs. 1 [0-2]). Patients with myocardial injury had higher median levels of brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein than patients without myocardial injury. As independent predictors, C-reactive protein and platelet counts were related to the risk of death, and neutrophils and platelet counts were related to the risk of invasive mechanical ventilation support. Patients with high troponin levels presented a higher risk of death (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.60-2.58) and invasive mechanical ventilation support (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.57-2.23), when compared to those with normal troponin levels. Conclusion Cardiac injury was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation support in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Resumo Fundamento As complicações cardiovasculares da COVID-19 são aspectos importantes da patogênese e do prognóstico da doença. Evidências do papel prognóstico da troponina e da lesão miocárdica em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 na América Latina são ainda escassos. Objetivos Avaliar a lesão miocárdica como preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilatório mecânico em pacientes hospitalizados, do registro brasileiro de COVID-19. Métodos Este estudo coorte é um subestudo do registro brasileiro de COVID-19, conduzido em 31 hospitais brasileiros de 17 cidades, de março a setembro de 2020. Os desfechos primários incluíram mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilatório mecânico invasivo. Os modelos para os desfechos primários foram estimados por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, com significância estatística de p<0,05. Resultados Dos 2925 pacientes [idade mediana de 60 anos (48-71), 57,1%], 27,3% apresentaram lesão miocárdica. A proporção de pacientes com comorbidades foi maior nos pacientes com lesão miocárdica [mediana 2 (1-2) vs. 1 (0-20)]. Os pacientes com lesão miocárdica apresentaram maiores valores medianos de peptídeo natriurético cerebral, lactato desidrogenase, creatina fosfoquinase, N-terminal do pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B e proteína C reativa em comparação a pacientes sem lesão miocárdica. Como fatores independentes, proteína C reativa e contagem de plaquetas foram relacionados com o risco de morte, e neutrófilos e contagem de plaquetas foram relacionados ao risco de suporte ventilatório mecânico invasivo. Os pacientes com níveis elevados de troponina apresentaram um maior risco de morte (RR 2,03, IC95% 1,60-2,58) e suporte ventilatório mecânico (RR 1,87;IC95% 1,57-2,23), em comparação àqueles com níveis de troponina normais. Conclusão Lesão cardíaca foi um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar e necessidade de suporte ventilatório mecânico em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220151

Comparison of the effects of corneal and lacrimal gland denervation on the lacrimal functional unit of rats
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Barros, Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino

; Sant'Ana, Ariane Mirela Saranzo

; Dias, Lara Cristina

; Murashima, Adriana de Andrade Batista

; Silva, Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da

; Fantucci, Marina Zilio

; Rocha, Eduardo Melani

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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feb 2022, Volume 85 N. 1 Pages 59 - 67

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: O nosso objetivo neste estudo foi comparar as alterações na unidade funcional lacrimal em dois modelos de síndrome do olho seco neurogênica: desnervação sensorial da córnea versus desnervação autonômica da glândula lacrimal. Métodos: A rede neural é um importante suporte para a unidade funcional lacrimal. Pode ser dividido em vias aferentes (sensoriais) e eferentes (autonômicas), sujeitas a doenças graves que comprometem a unidade funcional lacrimal. Ratos Wistar machos, com 8 semanas de idade, foram divididos em três grupos: 1) Controle naïve (n=16 animais); 2) Desnervação autonômica: onde os ratos foram submetidos à ablação do nervo da glândula lacrimal direita e avaliados após um e dois meses (1 M a 2 M) do procedimento (n=7 animais por subgrupo, desnervação autonômica 1M e desnervação autonômica 2M, respectivamente); 3) Desnervação sensorial induzida por colírio a 0,2% de cloreto de benzalcônio, duas vezes ao dia por 7 dias no olho direito (n=10 animais). A sensibilidade da córnea foi medida pelo teste de movimento pata-olho com capsaicina (10 µM). A PCR quantitativa em tempo real foi aplicada para comparar a expressão relativa de mRNA de citocinas pró-inflamatórias: Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Mmp9, na córnea, gânglio trigêmio e glândula lacrimal. O mRNA dos agentes pró-mitóticos Bmp7, Runx1, Runx3, Fgf10 e Smad1 foram comparados na glândula lacrimal. Resultados: A desnervação sensorial induziu hiperalgesia da córnea (p=0,001). Desnervação sensorial e desnervação autonômica aumentaram o mRNA de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no córnea e glândula lacrimal (p<0,05), mas apenas desnervação sensorial aumentou o mRNA de Il1b e Tnf no gânglio trigêmio (p<0,05) quando comparado ao controle naïve. Conclusões: Os modelos de desnervação autonômica e desnervação sensorial podem ter características comuns, como inflamação de diferentes partes da unidade funcional lacrimal. No entanto, a hiperestesia e os marcadores inflamatórios no gânglio trigêmio de desnervação sensorial e a expressão de mediadores regenerativos na glândula lacrimal na desnervação autonômica são características que distinguem essas doenças, podendo ser investigadas em estudos futuros que abordam o olho seco secundário ao dano neural da unidade funcional lacrimal.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the changes in the lacrimal functional unit in the following two models of neurogenic dry eye syndrome: sensory denervation of the cornea versus autonomic denervation of the lacrimal gland. Methods: The neural network supports the lacrimal functional unit. It can be divided into afferent (sensory) and efferent (autonomic) pathways and is affected by severe diseases that compromise the lacrimal functional unit. Male Wistar, 8-week-old rats were divided into the following three groups: 1) control naïve (n=16 animals); 2) autonomic denervation: where rats were subjected to right lacrimal gland nerve ablation and evaluated after 1 and 2 months (1M and 2M) after the procedure (n=7 animals per subgroup, autonomic denervation 1M and autonomic denervation 2M, respectively); 3) sensory denervation induced by 0.2% benzalkonium chloride eye drops, twice a day for 7 days in the right eye (n=10 animals). The corneal sensitivity was measured using the eye wipe test with capsaicin (10 µM). The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf, Mmp9, in the cornea, trigeminal ganglion, and lacrimal gland. In addition, the mRNA of the promitotic factors in the lacrimal gland, such as Bmp7, Runx1, Runx3, Fgf10, and Smad1, was compared. Results: Sensory denervation induced corneal hyperalgesia (p=0.001). Sensory denervation and autonomic denervation increased the mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and lacrimal gland (p<0.05), but only sensory denervation increased the mRNA levels of Il-1β and Tnf in the trigeminal ganglion (p<0.05) compared with the control naïve. Conclusions: Autonomic denervation and sensory denervation models can have common features, such as inflammation of different parts of the lacrimal functional unit. However, hyperesthesia and inflammatory markers in the trigeminal ganglion because of sensory denervation and the expression of regenerative mediators in the lacrimal gland owing to autonomic denervation are the distinguishing features of these diseases that can be explored in future studies assessing dry eye syndrome secondary to neural damage of the lacrimal functional unit.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20220008 2 downloads

The ovarian and uterine responses of Baixadeiro mares to prostaglandin synchronization during the dry and rainy seasons
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Rosa, Luciana Cordeiro

; Dias, Eliane Cristina Silva

; Melo, Renatta Silva

; Rosário, Carla Janaína Rebouças Marques do

; Pereira, Felipe Lucas Correa

; Chung, Luiz Bruno Oliveira

; Anunciação, Adriana Raquel de Almeida da

; Moraes Junior, Felipe de Jesus

; Souza, Fernando Andrade

; Chaves, Ricardo de Macêdo

Animal Reproduction

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2022, Volume 19 N. 1 elocation e20200050

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0050

Factors associated with hospitalizations for Covid-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Reumacov Brazil registry
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Gomides, Ana Paula Monteiro

; Albuquerque, Cleandro Pires de

; Mota, Licia Maria Henrique da

; Devidé, Guilherme

; Dias, Laiza Hombre

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Giovelli, Raquel Altoé

; Karnopp, Thais Evelyn

; Lima, Hugo Deleon de

; Marinho, Adriana

; Oliveira, Marianne Schrader de

; Omura, Felipe

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Resende, Gustavo

; Ribeiro, Francinne Machado

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Sacilotto, Nathália de Carvalho

; Santos, Wander Gonzaga dos

; Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki

; Studart, Samia Araujo de Sousa

; Teixeira, Flávia Patricia Sena

; Yazbek, Michel Alexandre

; Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida

; Monticielo, Odirlei A.

; Paiva, Eduardo

; Pileggi, Gecilmara Cristina Salviato

; Reis Neto, Edgard Torres dos

; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros

; Marques, Claudia D. L.

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 13

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Patients using immunosuppressive drugs may have unfavorable results after infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding COVID 19 in these patients, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID 19 hospitalizations in patients with RA. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study is within the ReumaCoV Brazil registry and included 489 patients with RA. In this context, 269 patients who tested positive for COVID 19 were compared to 220 patients who tested negative for COVID 19 (control group). All patient data were collected from the Research Electronic Data Capture database. Results: The participants were predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 53 ±12 years. Of the patients with COVID 19, 54 (20.1%) required hospitalization. After multiple adjustments, the final regression model showed that heart disease (OR =4.61, 95% CI 1.06–20.02. P < 0.001) and current use of glucocorticoids (OR =20.66, 95% CI 3.09–138. P < 0.002) were the risk factors associated with hospitalization. In addition, anosmia was associated with a lower chance of hospitalization (OR =0.26; 95% CI 0.10–0.67, P < 0.005). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that heart disease and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions for COVID 19 in patients with RA. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR 33YTQC.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00244-5

Extraction of coffee berry borer adults and larvae from fruits
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Nardon, Adriana Cristina

; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio

; Rosa, Daniel Dias

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2022, Volume 57 elocation e02465

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um novo método para extração de adultos e larvas de Hypothenemus hampei de frutos de café (Coffea arabica). O extrator é composto por um conjunto de dois recipientes plásticos, um encaixado sobre o outro: o de cima serve para colocar os frutos dentro e o de baixo, como base para a captura de adultos e larvas. A eficiência do extrator foi comparada com a do método de dissecação (controle). O número de adultos vivos, adultos mortos e larvas não difere significativamente entre os dois métodos avaliados. O extrator desenvolvido reduz o trabalho manual, é de custo acessível e é eficaz para a captura de adultos e larvas de H. hampei.

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a new method for extracting Hypothenemus hampei adults and larvae from coffee (Coffea arabica) fruits. The extractor consists of a set of two plastic containers, with one fit on top of the other: the one on top is used to place the fruits inside and the one on the bottom, as a base to capture adults and larvae. The efficiency of the extractor was compared with that of the dissection method (control). The number of live adults, dead adults, and larvae does not differ significantly between the two evaluated methods. The developed extractor reduces hand labor, is affordable, and is effective in capturing larvae and adults of H. hampei.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02465

Ecotoxicological Effects of Biochar Obtained from Spent Coffee Grounds
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Souza, Lorrana Zélia Martins de

; Pinto, Bruna Cristina

; Alves, Adriana Barboza

; Ribeiro, Amanda Vanessa de Oliveira

; Feliciano, Débora Cristina Teodoro

; Silva, Luisa Heringer da

; Dias, Thiago Tales Moraes

; Yılmaz, Murat

; Oliveira, Magno André de

; Bezerra, Augusto Cesar da Silva

; Ferreira, Osania Emerenciano

; Lima, Robson Pereira de

; Pimenta, Lúcia Pinheiro do Santos

; Machado, Alan Rodrigues Teixeira

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 Suppl. 2 elocation e20220013

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the conversion of spent coffee grounds (SCG) into biochar (BSC) and the ecotoxicological effects of the product obtained. The SCG and BSC were characterized by characterized by different techniques (TGA/DTG, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and EDXRF). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) was used to characterize the aqueous extract of BSC. The inhibitory effect on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) germination was investigated. Besides, antimicrobial activity evaluation trials were conducted with Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma spp. The results showed that in the BSC production process, the extractives and lignocellulosic components in the SCG were partly decomposed. Tests conducted with microorganisms did not reveal any toxic effect of BSC. However, high phytotoxicity against lettuce was recorded for rate 100 t/ha of BSC. This effect was associated with the presence of carboxylic acids identified by 1H NMR in the BSC extract aqueous.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0013

Association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalization for SARS-Cov-2: an ecological time-series study
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Ribeiro, Paola Cristina

; Cunha, Cristóvão José Dias da

; Santos, Adriana de Oliveira Ribeiro dos

; Lucarevschi, Bianca Rezende

; César, Ana Cristina Gobbo

; Nascimento, Luiz Fernando Costa

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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2022, N. ahead

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0210.r2.09082022

Atualização da Diretriz Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar – 2021
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Izar, Maria Cristina de Oliveira

; Giraldez, Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha

; Bertolami, Adriana

; Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos

; Lottenberg, Ana Maria

; Assad, Marcelo Heitor Vieira

; Saraiva, José Francisco Kerr

; Chacra, Ana Paula M.

; Martinez, Tania L. R.

; Bahia, Luciana Ribeiro

; Fonseca, Francisco Antonio Helfenstein

; Faludi, Andre Arpad

; Sposito, Andrei C.

; Chagas, Antônio Carlos Palandri

; Jannes, Cinthia Elim

; Amaral, Cristiane Kovacs

; Araújo, Daniel Branco de

; Cintra, Dennys Esper

; Coutinho, Elaine dos Reis

; Cesena, Fernando

; Xavier, Hermes Toros

; Mota, Isabela Cardoso Pimentel

; Giuliano, Isabela de Carlos Back

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Kato, Juliana Tieko

; Bertolami, Marcelo Chiara

; Miname, Marcio Hiroshi

; Castelo, Maria Helane Costa Gurgel

; Lavrador, Maria Sílvia Ferrari

; Machado, Roberta Marcondes

; Souza, Patrícia Guedes de

; Alves, Renato Jorge

; Machado, Valeria Arruda

; Salgado Filho, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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oct 2021, Volume 117 N. 4 Pages 782 - 844

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210788 231 downloads

10.

Limitations and advances in new treatments and future perspectives of corneal blindness
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Antunes-Foschini, Rosalia

; Adriano, Leidiane

; Murashima, Adriana de Andrade Batista

; Barbosa, Amanda Pires

; Nominato, Luis Fernando

; Dias, Lara Cristina

; Fantucci, Marina Zilio

; Garcia, Denny Marcos

; Alves, Monica

; Rocha, Eduardo Melani

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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jun 2021, Volume 84 N. 3 Pages 282 - 296

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente trabalho traz uma revisão das abordagens terapêuticas para a cegueira da córnea. O estudo detalha as etapas e os elementos envolvidos na cicatrização da córnea. Ele mostra as limitações das estratégias cirúrgicas e farmacológicas usadas para restaurar e manter a transparência da córnea em termos de sobrevida a longo prazo e alcance geográfico. As perspectivas dos agentes anabólicos, incluindo vitamina A, hormônios, fatores de crescimento e novos moduladores pró-mitóticos e anti-inflamatórios para auxiliar a cicatrização da ferida na córnea, são revisadas criticamente. Aqui, apresentamos estudos envolvendo nanotecnologia, terapia gênica e reengenharia de tecidos como possíveis estratégias futuras para atuar de maneira isolada ou combinada com a cirurgia da córnea para prevenir ou reverter a cegueira corneana.

ABSTRACT This review is intended to describe the therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness, detailing the steps and elements involved in corneal wound healing. It also presents the limitations of the actual surgical and pharmacological strategies used to restore and maintain corneal transparency in terms of long-term survival and geographic coverage. In addition, we critically review the perspectives of anabolic agents, including vitamin A, hormones, growth factors, and novel promitotic and anti-inflammatory modulators, to assist corneal wound healing. We discuss the studies involving nanotechnology, gene therapy, and tissue reengineering as potential future strategies to work solely or in combination with corneal surgery to prevent or revert corneal blindness.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20210042 294 downloads

11.

Ultrasound measurement of thyroid volume in euthyroid children under 3 years of age
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Souza, Luís Ronan Marquez Ferreira de

; Sedassari, Nathalie de Almeida

; Dias, Eduarda Lemes

; Dib, Fernanda Cristina Mattos

; Palhares, Heloisa Marcelina Cunha

; Silva, Adriana Paula da

; Tomé, Janaíne Machado

; Borges, Maria de Fátima

Radiologia Brasileira

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apr 2021, Volume 54 N. 2 Pages 94 - 98

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Estabelecer valores de referência ultrassonográficos de volumes tireoidianos em crianças de até três anos de idade, por ser exame essencial no diagnóstico de doença tireoidiana infantil. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo conduzido em cidade do sudeste brasileiro suficiente em iodo. Participaram 100 crianças saudáveis, submetidas a exame clinicoantropométrico e ultrassonografia cervical seguindo protocolos convencionais. Características como ecotextura e volumes dos lobos e da tireoide total foram obtidos. Segundo a idade, as crianças foram distribuídas em cinco grupos: < 2 meses; 2-12 meses; 12-18 meses; 18-24 meses; e 24-36 meses. Resultados: No grupo < 2 meses os volumes tireoidianos foram menores (p < 0,001) do que nos demais (0,4 mL; 0,18-0,70 mL). Além dessa idade, o volume total médio foi 1,0 mL (0,30-2,0 mL) e não diferiu entre os grupos. Não foram observadas diferenças entre lobos ou relacionadas a gênero. Houve correlação (r = 0,347; p = 0,001) entre índice de massa corporal e volume total. Conclusão: As dimensões tireoidianas foram menores até dois meses (0,35 ± 0,16 mL), e a partir dessa idade os mesmos valores de referência podem ser usados até 36 meses (0,85 ± 0,42 mL). Tais dados podem orientar a investigação diagnóstica, especialmente no hipotireoidismo congênito.

Abstract Objective: To establish ultrasound reference values for thyroid volumes in children up to 3 years of age, given that ultrasound of the thyroid is an essential examination in the diagnosis of childhood thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in an iodine-sufficient city in southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 healthy children underwent clinical evaluation, anthropometric examination, and cervical ultrasound in accordance with conventional protocols. We evaluated characteristics such as echotexture, thyroid lobe volume, and total thyroid volume. The children were divided into five groups, by age: < 2 months; 2-12 months; 12-18 months; 18-24 months; and 24-36 months. Results: The mean thyroid volume was lower in the < 2 month age group than in the other groups (0.4 mL vs. 0.18-0.70 mL; p < 0.001). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, the mean volume was 1.0 mL (range, 0.30-2.0 mL). No other significant differences were observed between groups, thyroid lobes, or gender. However, body mass index correlated significantly with total thyroid volume (r = 0.347; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The mean thyroid dimensions were smallest in the < 2 month age group (0.35 ± 0.16 mL). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, a reference value of 0.85 ± 0.42 mL can be used. Our data could guide the diagnostic investigation of thyroid disease, especially congenital hypothyroidism, in childhood.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0016 602 downloads

12.

Posicionamento sobre o Consumo de Gorduras e Saúde Cardiovascular – 2021
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Izar, Maria Cristina de Oliveira

; Lottenberg, Ana Maria

; Giraldez, Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha

; Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos

; Machado, Roberta Marcondes

; Bertolami, Adriana

; Assad, Marcelo Heitor Vieira

; Saraiva, José Francisco Kerr

; Faludi, André Arpad

; Moreira, Annie Seixas Bello

; Geloneze, Bruno

; Magnoni, Carlos Daniel

; Scherr, Carlos

; Amaral, Cristiane Kovacs

; Araújo, Daniel Branco de

; Cintra, Dennys Esper Corrêa

; Nakandakare, Edna Regina

; Fonseca, Francisco Antonio Helfenstein

; Mota, Isabela Cardoso Pimentel

; Santos, José Ernesto dos

; Kato, Juliana Tieko

; Beda, Lis Mie Masuzawa

; Vieira, Lis Proença

; Bertolami, Marcelo Chiara

; Rogero, Marcelo Macedo

; Lavrador, Maria Silvia Ferrari

; Nakasato, Miyoko

; Damasceno, Nagila Raquel Teixeira

; Alves, Renato Jorge

; Roberta Soares, Lara

; Costa, Rosana Perim

; Machado, Valéria Arruda

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2021, Volume 116 N. 1 Pages 160 - 212

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20201340 9969 downloads

13.

Mineralogical, chemical and electrochemical attributes of soils
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Almeida, Cecília Calhau

; Fontes, Maurício Paulo Ferreira

; Dias, Adriana Cristina

; Pereira, Thiago Torres Costa

; Ker, João Carlos

Scientia Agricola

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2021, Volume 78 N. 6 elocation e20200071

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: A set of attributes endows the soils with distinctive characteristics and astute understanding is required in order to formulate suitable strategies for soil management. The aim of this study was to physically, chemically and mineralogically characterize samples of the main soil classes in Minas Gerais, Brazil, determine the point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and the point of zero charge (PZC), and ascertain the correlation between these factors and soil attributes. The soils evaluated presented different textural classes ranging from loamy sand (Entisol) to very clayey (some Oxisols and Ultisols). The soils differed substantially in terms of fertility, presenting a range from dystrophic (low fertility, base saturation < 50 %) to eutrophic character (fertility, base saturation ≥ 50 %), even within the same soil class, such as the Oxisols, which suggests the concurrence of the parent material. Highly weathered soils are predominant in Minas Gerais and these soils are composed predominantly of kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite and hematite. Traces of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite and illite were also found in the Oxisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols. A correlation between the PZSE and the PZC in the A horizon was observed. A high degree of correlation was observed between the PZC and the exchangeable aluminum and the ratio of iron obtained by ammonium oxalate and dithionite-citrate (Feo/Fed) in both the A and B horizons of soil classes. The results obtained reinforce the importance of knowledge of soil attributes to the adoption of practices such as the management of phosphate fertilization in clayey soils and liming in soils rich in aluminum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2020-0071 628 downloads

14.

Adsorption and desorption of arsenic and its immobilization in soils
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Almeida, Cecília Calhau

; Fontes, Maurício Paulo Ferreira

; Dias, Adriana Cristina

; Pereira, Thiago Torres Costa

; Ker, João Carlos

Scientia Agricola

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2021, Volume 78 N. 3 elocation e20180386

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring chemical element considered toxic and carcinogenic by health and environmental protection agencies. Studies of As adsorption/desorption behavior in soils are important to predictions of As’ potential mobility in natural systems. The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption of As(V) in soils from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and determine its immobilization rate in order to identify soils with characteristics more favorable to its deployment as an As geochemical barrier. The adsorption experiment was performed using different As concentrations and the data pertaining to the maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) (MACAs) were determined by Langmuir and Freundlich isoterms. The Oxisols, due to their more oxidic mineralogy, especially more gibbsitic, and clayey texture, showed the highest MACAs, followed by Ultisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols. In terms of the desorption of As the Inceptisols were the soils that showed the most As desorption. Both As desorption and mobility was lower in the more oxidic and clayey soils. In all soils, the total amount of As was desorbed in due course, but the As release ratio tended to decrease with the passage of time. In general, soils with higher MACAs did not necessarily show less As desorption. For use as a geochemical barrier, as important as a high adsorption capacity of As by the soil is a low As desorption rate. The increase in As mobility may increase the risks of contaminating the supplies of water. To be a good As geochemical barrier the soil has to be a clayey Oxisol, with relatively high amounts of Fe and Al oxides, especially gibbsite.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2018-0368 1466 downloads

15.

Corneal blindness in Plato’s cave: the acting forces to prevent and revert corneal opacity. Part I: epidemiology and new physiopathological concepts
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Barbosa, Amanda Pires

; Alves, Monica

; Furtado, João Marcello Fortes

; Adriano, Leidiane

; Nominato, Luis Fernando

; Dias, Lara Cristina

; Fantucci, Marina Zilio

; Murashima, Adriana de Andrade Batista

; Rocha, Eduardo Melani

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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sep 2020, Volume 83 N. 5 Pages 437 - 446

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O problema da deficiência visual e da cegueira corneal abrange o mundo todo e corresponde à quarta causa de cegueira e deficiência visual, com acometimento estimado de mais de 16 milhões de pessoas. A associação com várias doenças endêmicas, como cegueira infantil, trauma, ceratites infecciosas (incluindo herpes, hanseníase e fungos), hipovitaminose A, diabetes mellitus e outras causas de síndromes de olho seco, indicam que a verdadeira frequência é subestimada e que os diferentes mecanismos são pouco conhecidos. A baixa eficácia na prevenção e tratamento da cicatriz e deformidade da córnea permite antecipar que a prevalência da cegueira corneal irá crescer no futuro. As razões para o aumento da cegueira corneal envolvem fatores ambientais, limitações socioeconômicas para ampliar a assistência à saúde e a modesta eficiência das estratégias terapêuticas para resolver o problema em grande escala. O presente trabalho traz uma revisão crítica dos conceitos associados à cegueira corneal. Essa análise é uma etapa necessária para preparar o caminho com o objetivo de deixar a caverna que encarcera a cegueira corneal, em analogia ao mito de Platão, e melhorar as estratégias para prevenir e tratar a cegueira corneal em escala mundial.

ABSTRACT The burden of corneal blindness and visual deficiency can be felt worldwide. Its association with several endemic diseases such as childhood blindness, trauma, infectious keratitis (including variants caused by herpes, hanseniasis, and fungi), vitamin A deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and other dry eye syndromes reflects its poorly understood underlying mechanisms and suggests that the actual frequency of the disease is underestimated. The low effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic strategies against corneal scarring or deformity predicts a high frequency of patients with corneal blindness in the future. Corneal blindness is associated with environmental factors and socioeconomic limitations that restrain health assistance and maintain a modest efficiency of the current therapeutic strategies for resolving corneal diseases in large-scale programs. We present here a critical review of the concepts associated with corneal blindness that need to be considered when planning strategies to prevent and treat corneal blindness worldwide (to be able to leave Plato’s cave, where corneal blindness is encaged.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20200102 706 downloads

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