Objective: To characterize rest-activity rhythm in chronic migraine (CM) and to investigate the relationship between this rhythm and depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with CM. Methods: This was a study of adults aged 20 to 40 years. The rest-activity rhythm of patients with CM (n=23) and non-headache controls (NH, n=23) was assessed by actigraphy for 15 days, and they completed the following assessments: Visual Analogue Scale for pain intensity; Headache Diary; Headache Impact Test-6; Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Beck Depression Inventory; and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Patients with CM showed less activity over 24 hours and more fragmented sleep. Reduced interdaily stability of the rest-activity rhythm was observed, with less robustness of this rhythm in the CM group. Multiple linear regressions revealed a significant association between the rest-activity rhythm and trait anxiety variables in patients with CM, specifically regarding the relative amplitude of the cycle, activity throughout 24 hours and during sleep, and robustness of the rest-activity rhythm. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that the robustness of the rest-activity rhythm, activity throughout 24 hours, and sleep fragmentation are associated with trait anxiety in patients with CM. Clinical trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: RBR-4M5J4S).

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a adição de antibióticos promotores de crescimento ao concentrado sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, degradabilidade in situ e variáveis ruminais de novilhos. Quatro novilhos em um delineamento quadrado latino foram alimentados com feno (ad libitum), concentrado [10g kg-1 do peso corporal (PC)] e mistura mineral (0,272g kg-1 do PC). Os antibióticos (0,75mg kg-1 do PC) foram incorporados à ração: Controle (sem antibióticos), lasalocida (LASA), salinomicina (SALI) ou virginiamicina (VIRG). Os antibióticos não afetaram o consumo, pH, ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) e digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e carboidratos não fibrosos. A LASA e a SALI tenderam (P=0,09) a reduzir a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). A SALI e a VIRG tenderam (P=0,09) a reduzir o desaparecimento da MS, e a VIRG tendeu (P=0,06) a reduzir o desaparecimento da FDN no rúmen. A SALI e a VIRG reduziram a degradação efetiva e somente a SALI reduziu a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) no rúmen. Assim, os antibióticos não afetaram o consumo, pH, AGV e digestibilidade, mas diminuiram a degradação da fibra e somente a SALI reduziu a concentração de N-NH3 no rúmen.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to concentrate on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability and ruminal variables in steers. Four steers in a Latin square design were fed hay (ad libitum), concentrate [10g kg-1 of body weight (BW)] and mineral mix (0.272g kg-1 of BW). The additives (0.75mg kg-1 of BW) were incorporated in the mineral mix as follows: Control (no antibiotics), lasalocid (LASA), salinomycin (SALI) or virginiamycin (VIRG). Antibiotic did not affect intake, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The LASA and SALI tended (P=0.09) to reduce the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The SALI and VIRG tended (P=0.09) to reduce the DM disappearance, and VIRG tended (P=0.06) to reduce the NDF disappearance in the rumen. The SALI and VIRG reduced the effective degradation and only SALI reduced the concentration of N-NH3 in the rumen. Thus, the antibiotics did not affect intake, pH, VFA and digestibility, but decreased the degradation of fiber and only SALI reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) in the rumen.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safeness of a colorectal laparoscopic program in two centers form South America. Method: We retrospectively review the records of patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery from 2012 to 2018 in two tertiary care academic centers. Surgical indication, operative time, conversion rate, lymph nodes harvested, surgical margins and complications were analyzed. This results were then compared to the open approach. Results: We collected data from 505 patients, mean age 63.4, 50.9% male. The most frequent indication was colon cancer, mean operative time was 175 minutes. Conversion rate was 9.5%, mean nodes harvested was 15.9 with free resection margins in every case. Morbidity was 35.4% at 30 days, most of them were minor complications. The leak rate was 11.7 %. The 30-day mortality was 2.5%. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach for colorectal surgery might represent a safe and feasible option in an tertiary care hospital from a developing country.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la reproducibilidad y la seguridad de un programa de cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica en dos centros de Sudamérica. Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico-descriptivo. Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía videolaparoscópica colorrectal desde el año 2012 hasta el año 2018, en dos centros académicos de tercer nivel argentinos. Se analizaron datos demográficos, indicaciones y tiempos quirúrgicos, tasa de conversión, evolución posoperatoria, morbimortalidad y resecabilidad oncológica, y se comparó con el abordaje convencional. Resultados: Se realizaron 505 cirugías. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 63.4 años y el 50.9% eran hombres. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 175 minutos. La principal indicación fue cáncer de colon. La incidencia de conversión fue del 9.5%. El promedio de ganglios por pieza quirúrgica en patología neoplásica fue de 15.9. La morbilidad fue del 35.4%, en su mayoría complicaciones menores. La tasa de fístulas fue del 11.7%. La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 2.5%. Conclusión: La cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica podría representar una opción segura y reproducible en un centro de tercer nivel de un país en desarrollo.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a type of therapy used primarily for analgesia, but also presents changes in the cardiovascular system responses; its effects are dependent upon application parameters. Alterations to the cardiovascular system suggest that TENS may modify venous vascular response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) on venous vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were randomized into three groups: placebo (n=10), low-frequency TENS (10 Hz, n=9) and high-frequency TENS (100 Hz, n=10). TENS was applied for 30 min in the nervous plexus trajectory from the superior member (from cervical to dorsal region of the fist) at low (10 Hz/200 μs) and high frequency (100 Hz/200 μs) with its intensity adjusted below the motor threshold and intensified every 5 min, intending to avoid accommodation. Venous vascular reactivity in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique. The phenylephrine effective dose to achieve 70% vasoconstriction was reduced 53% (P<0.01) using low-frequency TENS (10 Hz), while in high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz), a 47% increased dose was needed (P<0.01). The endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) responses were not modified by TENS, which modifies venous responsiveness, and increases the low-frequency sensitivity of α1-adrenergic receptors and shows high-frequency opposite effects. These changes represent an important vascular effect caused by TENS with implications for hemodynamics, inflammation and analgesia.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the quality of the rabbit skins in different parts and orientations of the surface, submitted at different time of processing. The rabbits were slaughtered with 70 days of age and forty skins were used. It was used a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial treatment, being in two times of processing (T1= regular time and T2= continuous time) and four positions of cut in the skin (P1= fore longitudinal and P2= fore transversal; P3= hind longitudinal and P4= hind transversal). The steps of the tanning process were soaking, fleshing, liming (3% of sodium sulphide and 4% of lime), alkaline products remotion, purge, degrease, pickling, tanning (6% of chrome salts), neutralization, retanning (4% of chrome salts), dying, grease (6% of sulfacant oils), dryness and softening. The thickness of the rabbit skins was significantly higher (p<0.05) when the continuous time technique was used (1.03 mm). The time of tanning gave different values of traction in all positions of the samples, except for the fore transversal. The hind region regardless of the time showed a less resistant skin to traction (regular time= 6.01 N/mm² and continuous time= 3.54 N/ mm²). The fore region regardless if it is a longitudinal way (37.28 N/mm) or transversal (35.71 N/mm), showed a higher resistance to tearing compared to the hind region (longitudinal= 26.78 N/mm and transversal= 25.94 N/mm) in regular time. The technique used in the regular time tanning offered a less elasticity to the rabbit skin in relation to the continuous time. The skins must be tanning by regular time because offer more resistance to traction and superior tearing than skins tanned by continuous time. The fore region showed more resistance than hind region for progressive tearing in all times of tanning. The skins of the hind longitudinal region regardless of the time showed a less resistant to traction. The regular time of tanning gave skins with less elasticity, but for progressive tearing and stretching test, the values are in the pattern for be used in clothing manufacturing, according to BASF (2005).

O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a qualidade dos couros de coelhos em diferentes partes da superfície e orientações, submetidos a dois diferentes tempos de processamento. Foram utilizadas 40 peles de coelhos, da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, abatidos aos 70 dias de idade. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tratamentos (T1= tempo normal; T2= tempo contínuo) e nas subparcelas as posições de corte no couro (P1= anterior longitudinal; P2 = anterior transversal; P3= posterior longitudinal e P4= posterior transversal), com dez repetições por tratamento. As etapas aplicadas no processo de curtimento foram: remolho, descarne, caleiro (3% de sulfeto de sódio e 4% de cal), desencalagem, purga, desengraxe, píquel, curtimento (6% de sais de cromo), neutralização, recurtimento (4% sais de cromo), tingimento, engraxe (6% de óleos sulfatados), secagem e amaciamento. A espessura dos couros foi maior (p<0,05) quando se utilizou a técnica de curtimento com tempo contínuo (1,03 mm). O tempo de curtimento proporcionou diferentes valores de tração em todas as posições de retirada do corpo de prova, exceto para anterior transversal. A região posterior do couro apresentou menor tração independente do tempo de curtimento (normal= 6,01 N/mm2 e contínuo= 3,54 N/mm²). A região anterior independente da posição (longitudinal= 37,28 N/mm ou transversal= 35,71 N/mm), apresentou maior resistência ao rasgamento comparado a região posterior (longitudinal= 26,78 N/mm e transversal= 25,94 N/ mm) nos couros curtidos com tempo normal. Curtimento em tempo normal proporcionou menor elasticidade aos couros. Os couros devem ser curtidos pelo método com tempo normal de processamento, por proporcionarem maior resistência a tração e rasgamento superiores em relaçao aos curtidos em tempo contínuo. A região anterior apresentou maior resistência comparada a região posterior para rasgamento progressivo, independente do tempo de curtimento utilizado. Os couros na região posterior longitudinal apresentaram menor resistência a tração, independente do tempo de processamento aplicado. Deve-se ressaltar que o curtimento em período normal proporcionou couros com menor elasticidade, mas pelo teste de rasgamento progressivo e alongamento, os valores estão dentro dos padrões exigidos para confecção de vestuários seguindo os valores BASF (2005).

In this work we study the growth and feed intake of male Galiña de Mos breed to reach the socalled minimal commercial weight stipulated by many authors and the market at around 2.1 kg weight, in two different seasons of the year, winter and spring, compared with a blonde chicken strain commonly used in Galicia, Sasso T-44. A hundred and thirty male, sexed, chicken T-44 and 400 Mos chicken unsexed (until to 4 weeks of age, when males were separated for the study) were raised in the Centro de Recursos Zooxenéticos de Galicia under extensive conditions. It was observed a significantly higher feed intake, both in the native breed and the industrial hybrids, in chicken reared in winter compared to those of spring, due to the influence of different temperatures observed. There were no major differences in the age at which reached 2.1 kg weight, since Mos's reached the 87 and 89 days in spring and winter respectively and 68 and 70 days in the T-44.

En el presente trabajo se estudian los crecimientos y el consumo alimenticio de los machos de la raza Galiña de Mos hasta alcanzar el denominado peso vivo comercial mínimo, estipulado por numerosos autores y el mercado en torno a los 2,1 kg de peso, en dos estaciones diferentes del año, invierno y primavera, y comparándolos con una de las estirpes de pollo rubio más utilizadas en Galicia, el Sasso T-44. Para ello se criaron en el Centro de Recursos Zooxenéticos de Galicia en régimen extensivo, 130 pollitos machos sexados de T-44 y 400 pollitos Mos sin sexar hasta las 4 semanas de edad, momento en el que se separaron los machos para realizar el estudio. A la vista de los resultados obtenidos se pudo observar un consumo alimenticio sensiblemente superior tanto en la raza autóctona como en el híbrido industrial, en los lotes criados en invierno frente a los de primavera, debido a la influencia de las diferentes temperaturas observadas. No se encontraron grandes diferencias en la edad en la que se alcanzaron los 2,1 kg de peso, ya que los Mos la alcanzaron a los 87 y 89 días en primavera e invierno respectivamente y a los 68 y 70 días en los T-44.

There were analyzed the physico-chemical properties and the profile of amino acids and fatty acids found in lambs of the Ovella Galega breed fed solely on their mother's milk and slaughtered at 45 days. The results show a low percentage of intramuscular fat (0.62%) and lower-middle hardness (4 kg/cm²). The amino acids' profile is similar to that of a high quality protein. Concerning the fatty acids' profile, the study shows a high percentage of unsaturated (55%), both mono and polyunsaturated, versus a lower percentage of the saturated ones (44.82%), apart from a well proportioned ratio ω6/ω3(1,88).

Se han analizado los parámetros fisicoquímicos, y el perfil de aminoácidos y de ácidos grasos en corderos de Ovella Galega alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna y sacrificados a los 45 días. Debe destacarse el bajo porcentaje de grasa intramuscular (0,62%) y dureza media-baja (4 kg/cm²). El perfil aminoacídico se aproxima al de una proteína de alta calidad. Entre los ácidos grasos se aprecia alto porcentaje de insaturados (55%) tanto mono como poliinsaturados, y menor de saturados (44,82%). La relación ω6/ω3(1,88) es adecuada.

The Ovella Galega is a endangered sheep breed and is protected by a Conservation and Recovery Programme, in order to keep the genetic variability. A growth and carcass study was made on Ovella Galega lambs, whose main objetive is its characterization. Ten male lambs from single birth and fed solely on their mother´s milk, all of them registered in the Record of Births of Stud-Book, were slaughtered at 45 days old. The growth and average dayly gain are in accordance to results published in other breed studies. The results show a high commercial yield (59%), apart from appropriate percentages in 1st and 2nd market categories.

Actualmente la raza Ovella Galega se encuentra en peligro de extinción, por lo que está sometida a un Programa de Conservación y Recuperación donde prima la preservación de la variabilidad genética. En este trabajo se estudió el crecimiento y la canal en corderos de la raza, para profundizar en su caracterización. Se han utilizado 10 corderos machos de parto simple inscritos en el Libro Genealógico de la raza, criados sólo con leche materna hasta la edad de sacrificio de 45 días. El crecimiento y las GMD son acordes con los resultados publicados en otros estudios sobre la raza, y a pesar de que ésta presenta un pequeño formato, entre los resultados obtenidos cabe destacar su alto rendimiento comercial (59%) así como un adecuado porcentaje en piezas de 1ª y 2ª categoría.

Several studies have reported the occurrence of infections caused by Candida yeasts as well as the increasing prevalence of non albicans species. The aim of the present work is focused on the obtaining of heteroresistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole in Candida species using two distinct methodologies: selection and induction. Resistant samples were obtained by selective pressure using a medium with fluconazole for growth, followed by growth in a medium with amphotericin B. The selective pressure was also created beginning with growth in amphotericin B medium followed by growth in fluconazole medium. Concomitantly, samples were submitted to the induction of resistance through cultivation in increasing concentrations of fluconazole, followed by cultivation in increasing concentrations of amphotericin B. Subsequently, the induction began with amphotericin B followed by fluconazole. Three samples resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B were obtained, two by induction (C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one by selection (C. tropicalis). Both C. tropicalis originated from the same wild sample. After successive transfers for drug free medium, only the sample obtained by selection was able to maintain the resistance phenotype. These results suggest that the phenotype of heteroresitance to fluconazole and amphotericin B can be produced by two methodologies: selection and induction.

A utilização de compósitos poliméricos na fabricação de aeronaves vem sendo cada vez mais intensa. Em função disso, a possibilidade de ocorrer falhas em serviço de um componente fabricado em compósito polimérico torna-se cada vez maior. A análise de falhas de materiais compósitos ainda é um tema pouco explorado, principalmente no Brasil, porém vem tornando-se cada vez mais importante em apoio à área de prevenção e investigação de acidentes aeronáuticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização de fraturas em laminados unidirecionais de fibra de carbono de módulo intermediário com sistema de resina epóxi modificada, tipo 8552, em resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar nas condições ambiente e saturado de umidade em câmara higrotérmica. A análise fractográfica no plano de falha dos laminados foi realizada por microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura. A comparação dos resultados mostrou que o condicionamento higrotérmico afetou significativamente a região de interface da resina sem alterar a adesão interfacial fibra/resina. Os aspectos de fratura presentes na região de resina, como cristas de galo e escarpas, e do reforço foram detalhados, podendo-se assim estabelecer a direção de propagação da trinca e caracterizar o modo de falha, por ser do tipo misto (arrancamento e cisalhamento simultaneamente).

The use of polymeric composites in aircraft fabrication has been more and more intense. As a function of this fact, the possibility to occur service failures in components produced by using polymeric composites has increased more and more. The failure analyses in composite materials is still not much explored, principally in Brazil, but it has been very important in order to give subsidies to prevent aeronautical accidents. This work focuses the fracture characterization of intermediate modulus type unidirectional carbon fiber laminates impregnated with modified epoxy resin (code 8552), by using interlaminar shear test, in two conditions: ambient and saturated with moisture in an hygrothermal chamber. The fractographic analyses on the failure plane of the laminates were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopies. The comparison of results showed that the hygrothermal conditioning affects significantly the interface region but doesn't alter the fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. The failure modes present in the resin region, such as hackles and scarps, and in the reinforcement were evaluated, being possible to establish the failure propagation direction and the failure mode that was characterized as a mixing of pull-out and shear modes.

We described angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) isoforms with molecular masses of 190, 90, and 65 kDa in the urine of normotensive offspring of hypertensive subjects. Since they did not appear in equal amounts, we suggested that 90 kDa ACE might be a marker for hypertension. We evaluated the endothelial response in normotensive offspring with or without family history of hypertension and its association with the 90 kDa ACE in urine. Thirty-five normotensive subjects with a known family history of hypertension and 20 subjects without a family history of hypertension, matched for age, sex, body weight, and blood pressure, were included in the study. Endothelial function was assessed by ultrasound and a sample of urine was collected for determination of ACE isoforms. In the presence of a family history of hypertension and detection of 90 kDa ACE, we noted a maximal flow mediated dilation of 12.1 ± 5.0 vs 16.1 ± 6.0% in those without a previous history of hypertension and lacking urinary 90 kDa ACE (P < 0.05). In subjects with a family history of hypertension and presenting 90 kDa ACE, there were lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and higher levels of triglycerides (P < 0.05). Subjects with 90 kDa ACE irrespective of hypertensive history presented a trend for higher levels of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.06) compared to subjects without 90 kDa ACE. Our data suggest that the 90 kDa ACE may be a marker for hypertension which may be related to the development of early atherosclerotic changes.

Objectives: Penile and scrotal lymphedema produces a monstrous deformity with psychological impact and occasionally extreme mental anguish. The penis is buried in the scrotal tissue, deformed, thickened, edematous, and curved. The scrotum changes to a great, very thick, hard skin mass, sometimes cracked, exudative, and fetid. Erection and sexual intercourse are very difficult or impossible, and the scrotal enlargement interferes with walking. To report a new case of male external genitalia lymphedema. Methods/Results: We present a technical variation of the surgical treatment of penile-scrotal primary lymphedema in a 32-year-old patient suffering this disease for several years, which had underwent several medical and surgical treatments, such as lymphangioplasty and penile root fasciotomy. Observation consisted in the performance of two incisions in w-plasty, one at the root of the penis, the other one in the preserved preputial mucosa, and excision of all the lymphedematous tissue with reconstruction using the preputial mucosa and a small area of non infiltrated skin at the root of the penis. In the scrotum, two butterfly-wing shape skin flaps were performed; the testicles and the spermatic cord were isolated to ease the operation, minimize the surgical time and avoid complications; the lymphedematous tissue was resected with a great fragment of scrotum; finally reconstruction was performed from the adjacent healthy skin. Conclusions: With this technique it was not necessary to perform a free or vascularized skin graft. The patient recovered his penile functional capacity, improved aesthetically and his anguish disappear.

Objetivo: El linfedema de pene y escroto produce una monstruosa deformidad con afectación psíquica y en ocasiones una angustia mental extrema. El pene se encuentra escondido en el tejido escrotal, deformado, engrosado, edematoso e incurvado. El escroto se convierte en una gran masa de piel muy gruesa, dura, a veces agrietada, con exudación y fetidez. La erección y el acto sexual no son posibles o muy difíciles y el propio aumento escrotal interfiere con la marcha. Aportar un nuevo caso de linfedema de genitales externos masculino. Método/Resultados: Se presenta una variante técnica del tratamiento quirúrgico del linfedema primario de pene y escroto en un paciente de 32 años, portador de esta afección, de varios años de evolución y sometido a múltiples tratamientos medicamentosos y quirúrgicos, tales como linfagioplástia con aguja y fasciotomía en raíz del pene. La técnica quirúrgica empleada consistió en la realización de dos incisiones en w- plastia, una al nivel de la raíz del pene y la otra en la mucosa prepucial respetada, se extirpó todo el tejido linfedematoso, realizándose la reconstrucción con la mucosa prepucial y una pequeña zona de piel no infiltrada de la raíz del pene. En las bolsas escrotales previa extracción de su lecho del cordón espermático y los testículos para facilitar la operación, minimizar el tiempo quirúrgico y producir menos complicaciones, se efectuaron 2 colgajos cutáneos laterales en alas de mariposa, se liberaron los testículos y se resecó todo el tejido linfedematoso junto con un gran fragmento de bolsa escrotal, la reconstrucción se realizó a partir de la piel sana de la zona adyacente. Conclusiones: No se hizo necesario, con esta técnica, realizar injerto libre ni pediculado de piel. El paciente recuperó la capacidad funcional del pene, tuvo mejoría estética y desapareció la angustia que esta enfermedad le ocasionaba.

Um método simples foi desenvolvido para se estudar a forma geométrica do Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus múltiplo, BmMNPV, para microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O vírus, pertencente à Família Baculoviridae, foi obtido do filtrado, do inóculo e da hemolinfa de lagartas de Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) infectadas. O material foi colocado diretamente sobre o suporte de varredura, onde previamente foi aderida uma fita de cobre. Após secagem e metalização com carbono e ouro, o vírus foi analisado ao microscópio de varredura. Os poliedros apresentaram-se com as faces lisas, perfeitamente definidas, possibilitando a análise matemática que o identificou como um octaedro truncado. A forma do poliedro pode apresentar valor taxonômico, uma vez que ela é específica para cada linhagem viral.

A simplified methodology was developed to study the geometric form of multiple Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus by scanning electron microscopy. The virus belongs to Baculoviridae family and was isolated from the silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The polyhedra of Nucleopolyhedrovirus were obtained from the filtrate, inoculum and hemolymph of the silkworm experimentally infected with nuclear polyhedra. This material was placed on stubs, where a copper tape was previously adhered. After dry at room temperature the virus was covered with carbon and gold. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveled a well defined morphology for the polyhedra of multiple Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus, making possible the mathematical study that identified it as a truncated octahedron. The form of the polyhedron can present taxonomic value, once it is specific for each viral lineage.