Resumen Objetivo: describir los efectos de la neuromodulación en el desempeño de funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Métodos: se seleccionaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME y Web of Science utilizando la siguiente combinación de descriptores: (“resolución de problemas” O “función ejecutiva” O memoria) Y (tDCS O TMS) Y obesidad. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección, 08 artículos fueron incluidos para el análisis. Resultados: los artículos incluidos tuvieron un promedio de 30,1 participantes por estudio, con un mínimo de 12 y un máximo de 76. El estado nutricional general osciló entre bajo peso y obesidad grado 3, y el índice de masa corporal promedio general fue de 28,1 kg/m2. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas, los más frecuentes fueron: paradigma del flanqueador; rivalidad binocular para la supresión continua de flash (bCFS/NoCFS); tarea de Stroop; Tarea Go/No-Go; y tarea N-back. Los resultados primarios dependieron del sitio objetivo de la neuromodulación. Se observó una reducción del antojo de alimentos y un mejor rendimiento en el grupo activo debido a la disminución del tiempo de respuesta y al aumento de la precisión en las tareas cognitivas. Conclusión: la neuromodulación puede generar cambios en las funciones ejecutivas, reduciendo el antojo de alimentos en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Abstract Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: (“problem solving” OR “executive function” OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.

Abstract: Introduction: Distance learning emerged as an emergency tool used in Higher Education during the COVID-19 pandemic. These circumstances led to the increased use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning in Medicine courses. Objective: To conduct an integrative review to clarify the main positive and negative aspects found in the exercise of medical education in these atypical conditions. Method: Articles were searched on the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Embase, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Medline (via PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science Result: At the end of the screening and selection processes, 69 articles were included, from which information was extracted regarding the characteristics, positive and negative aspects of each remote medical teaching experience offered during the pandemic. Among the main positive aspects, we highlight the positive evaluation of the curricular component by the students, greater student autonomy, greater participation and communication among students and the absence of any learning deficit. The main negative points include the suspension of practical classes, complications arising from the use of technologies (connectivity, training and organization) and lack of social contact. Conclusion: It is observed that student autonomy and self-discipline is a crucial factor in taking full advantage of the distance learning approach, and perhaps the classic face-to-face student was not prepared for such a sudden change. Still, it is clear that, due to the urgency of implementing this new form of learning, distance learning has not had enough time to mature and be perfected to the point of being considered a medical education strategy applicable in the long term. Distance learning was crucial for the continued training of new doctors for an extended period of time. However, it needs to be reassessed and improved as a pedagogical strategy that uses ICTs for medical education.

Resumo: Introdução: O ensino remoto surgiu como ferramenta emergencial no processo de educação superior durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Nesse cenário, amplia-se a possibilidade de ensinar e aprender por meio das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) nos cursos de Medicina. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa que esclareça os principais aspectos positivos e negativos encontrados no exercício do ensino médico, nessas condições atípicas. Método: A busca dos artigos se deu nas seguintes bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Embase, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Medline (via PubMed), Scopus e Web of Science. Resultado: Ao final dos processos de triagem e seleção, incluíram-se 69 artigos, dos quais foram extraídas informações quanto às características dos aspectos positivos e negativos de cada experiência de ensino remoto médico ofertado nesse período pandêmico. Entre os principais aspectos positivos, destacam-se a avaliação positiva do componente curricular pelos estudantes, a maior autonomia do aluno, a maior participação e comunicação entre os alunos, e a ausência de déficit de aprendizado. Entre os principais pontos negativos, observam-se a suspensão das aulas práticas, as complicações decorrentes do uso das tecnologias (conectividade, capacitação e organização) e a ausência de contato social. Conclusão: Observa-se que a autonomia e a autodisciplina discentes são fatores cruciais para o aproveitamento pleno de abordagem de aprendizagem remotamente, e talvez o aluno presencial clássico não estivesse preparado para tal mudança brusca. Ainda, percebe-se que, pela urgência de implantação dessa nova forma de aprendizagem, o ensino remoto não tenha tido tempo e maturidade o suficiente para que fosse aperfeiçoado ao ponto de ser considerado uma estratégia de educação médica aplicável em longo prazo. O ensino remoto foi crucial para que a formação de novos médicos não fosse descontinuada por um período de tempo tão extenso. Porém, o ensino remoto precisa ser reavaliado e aperfeiçoado como estratégia pedagógica que utiliza TIC para o ensino médico.

Abstract: The FACE-Q SFAOS is an instrument developed for esthetic facial procedures and has been validated in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. It consists of ten items that assess the current perception of facial appearance regarding symmetry, harmony, proportion, freshness or vitality, and self-perception of appearance; these items are perhaps important to guide demands in orofacial harmonization (OFH). We aimed to validate the FACE-Q SFAOS scale among professionals working with OFH and verify its acceptance for use in clinical practice. Altogether, 25 OFH specialists were included to evaluate the FACE-Q SFAOS scale and the new technology acceptability model (TAM). Internal validity was measured using Cronbach's α coefficient. Both scales were associated with clinical experience and perceived usefulness using Spearman's correlation and Fisher's exact or chi-square tests (SPSS 20.0, p < 0.05). The FACE-Q SFAOS (α = 0.927) and TAM (α = 0.941) scales demonstrated good internal validity, and most professionals demonstrated good acceptance (TAM >70 = 64%). The mean FACE-Q SFAOS and TAM scores were 64.00±17.03 and 74.60±20.66, respectively. Practitioners with more than two years of experience (p=0.032) who believed the scale was useful for lip filler evaluation (p = 0.017) demonstrated greater acceptance. The number of indications on the scale was directly correlated with higher levels of acceptance (p = 0.002, r = 0.594). Thus, the FACE-Q SFAOS scale has good reproducibility and acceptance among OFH specialists; however, acceptability was shown to be dependent on perceived usability.

ABSTRACT This study represents the first overview of the epidemiological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Espirito Santo (ES) State, Brazil, filling in knowledge on this topic, observing data collected in the State, and aiming at understanding the epidemiological dynamics of the virus in ES, as well as its possible routes of transmission and dissemination. . Our results highlight that, so far, nine lineages have been identified with ES State. The B.1.1.33 lineage was the first with the highest occurrence in ES, remaining predominant until September 2020. The second predominant lineage was Gamma, representing 45% of the samples. The Delta lineage appears on the State scene, proving to be the next dominant lineage. This research allowed us to understand how the lineages advanced and were distributed in the State, which is important for future work, also making it possible to guide sanitary control measures. Data analyses were made through the GISAID database for ES State showed that the pandemic in the State has been evolving dynamically with lineage replacements over the months since the first notification.

RESUMO Em virtude dos índices de produção da cana-de-açúcar, o bagaço proveniente do processamento da cana na indústria sucroalcooleira é hoje o resíduo agroindustrial produzido em maior volume no Brasil. Em 2019 foram gerados cerca de 192 milhões de toneladas deste resíduo. A utilização deste resíduo tem sido alvo de pesquisas em todo o mundo, com destaque às aplicações que visam atender as prerrogativas do conceito de economia circular. Dentro desse cenário, o bagaço de cana-de açúcar (SB) foi tratado em meio alcalino, formando um material adsorvente, SBNaOH. Os efeitos do tratamento químico foram avaliados quanto a propriedades de superfície e quanto a remoção do herbicida glifosato em meio aquoso. O fenômeno adsortivo foi estudado por meio de ensaios de isotermas. Os resultados obtidos foram ajustados aos modelos clássicos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Dubinin-Radushkevich, onde cada material adsorvente se encaixou em um modelo diferente. A caracterização indicou que o tratamento químico promoveu alteração importante na superfície do resíduo, ampliando a área superficial. SB e o SBNaOH tiveram um comportamento favorável como adsorvente e boa performance na remoção do herbicida, apresentando valores maiores que 65% de em todas as condições de trabalho. A saturação teórica de adsorção regida por Dubinin-Radushkevich (qS) foi na ordem de 8,988 mg/g (R2=0,988) para o SB aos 120 minutos de contato e capacidade máxima encontrada por Langmuir (Qmáx) foi de 13,720 mg/g (R2=0,984) para o SBNaOH aos 40 minutos de contato. O processo foi governado por troca ou partilha de elétrons. O adsorvato se distribui de forma heterogênea na superfície SB, justificando a presença sítios ativos com maior força iônica, e homogeneamente sobre a superfície (monocamada) de SBNaOH. Em geral, o bagaço de cana tratado, provindo de um resíduo agroindustrial, se mostrou um biosorvente alternativo e promissor para remoção de glifosato de sistemas aquosos, gerando assim uma nova aplicação deste resíduo.

ABSTRACT Due to the production rates of sugarcane, nowadays, the sugarcane bagasse stemming in the sugar and alcohol industry is the agro-industrial waste produced in greater volume throughout in Brazil. In 2019, about 192 million tons of this waste were generated. The use of this waste has been the aim of researches around the world, with emphasis on applications that aim to meet the prerogatives of the concept of circular economy. Within this scenario, sugarcane bagasse (SB) was treated in an alkaline medium, forming an adsorbent material, SBNaOH. The effects of chemical treatment were evaluated for surface properties and for glyphosate removal in an aqueous medium. The adsorptive phenomenon was studied through isotherm tests. The results obtained were fitted to classical models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The characterization indicated that the chemical treatment promoted an important change in the surface of the residue, increasing the surface area. SB and SBNAOH had a feasible behavior as adsorbent and good performance in the removal of the herbicide, presenting values greater than 65% of under all working conditions. The theoretical adsorption saturation governed by Dubinin-Radushkevich (qS) was in the order of 8.988 mg/g (R2=0.988) for SB at 120 minutes of contact and maximum adsorption capacity by Langmuir (Qmax) was 13.720 mg/g (R2=0.984) for SBNaOH at 40 minutes of contact. The process was governed by the exchange or sharing of electrons. The adsorbate is distributed heterogeneously on the SB surface, justifying the presence of active sites with greater ionic strength, and homogeneously on the SBNaOH surface (monolayer). In general, the treated sugarcane bagasse, coming from an agro-industrial residue, proved to be an alternative and promising biosorbent for the removal of glyphosate from aqueous systems, thus generating a new application of this residue.

ABSTRACT The Cerrado represents the largest extension of savanna in South America. It occupies large stretches of central Brazil, being fragmented towards the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions of the country. Examples of disjunct patches of vegetation with savanna physiognomy within the Caatinga can be found in the Chapada Diamantina, the Chapada do Araripe, in small areas of southern Ceará State, and also in the coastal plains. This study recorded the floristic composition of four savannas within the Caatinga in northern Ceará State and evaluated the floristic relationships between these and other savannas, Cerrado and Caatinga sites. Periodic floristic collections recorded 247 species distributed among 162 genera and 55 families. Fifty-seven percent of the recorded species were of herbaceous or sub-shrubby habit, while the majority of the flora was of the therophytic life-form. Biogeographic analyses revealed that the study sites differ from typical Cerrado in flora and life-form spectra and have closer floristic relationships with Caatinga vegetation. The presence of floristic elements from the Cerrado, together with species from the Caatinga, in the study sites allows us to conclude that these savanna enclaves in the Caatinga are composed of a mixed flora with typical elements of these two Brazilian biomes.

RESUMO A vacinação em massa oferece a melhor estratégia para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19, e as vacinas contra SARS-CoV2 estão sendo aprovadas em vários países para uso emergencial. No Brasil, a aprovação da vacina é esperada em breve, no entanto, existem potenciais preocupações em relação às recomendações de vacinas para populações específicas, como pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). Para responder essas questões, o Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos IBD (GEDIIB) fornece conselhos práticos com recomendações importantes sobre as vacinas para COVID-19 na população com DII.

ABSTRACT Mass vaccination offers the best strategy to fight against COVID-19 pandemic, and SARS-CoV2 vaccines are being approved in several countries for emergency use. In Brazil, vaccine approval is expected in the next few days, however potential concerns exist regarding vaccine recommendations for specific populations, such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To address these questions, the Brazilian IBD Study Group (GEDIIB) provides this practical advice with key recommendations about the COVID-19 vaccines in IBD population.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse events attributable to vaccination and immunization processes are undesirable effects that appear after application of a vaccine that generates fear and mistrust in mothers, as they feel unable to identify and handle them appropriately. Objective: To determine the knowledge that mothers of children under two years of age have about the recognition and care of postvaccination adverse effects. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with a convenience sample of 50 mothers who attended Nuevo Israel Health Center in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province, Ecuador. The study variables were type of postvaccination events, knowledge about their management, and source of information about care for each type of event. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined according to the variables age and level of education, expressed through contingency tables. Results: Fever was identified as the most common adverse event and administration of paracetamol was identified as a way for its management. Regardless the age and level of education, the identification and knowledge about the care of postvaccination reactions were adequate. The information handled comes mostly from the nursing staff, a source accounting for 94.6%. Conclusions: Mothers know postvaccination effects and manage them appropriately in a context in which the nursing staff is in charge of transmitting good practices in their role as educator.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los eventos adversos atribuibles a procesos de vacunación e inmunización, son efectos no deseables aparecidos tras la aplicación de una vacuna que genera miedo y desconfianza en las madres al sentirse incapaces de identificarlos y manejarlos de manera apropiada. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento que tienen las madres de niños menores de dos años de edad sobre el reconocimiento y cuidado de los efectos adversos posvacunales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra por conveniencia de 50 madres que acudieron al centro de salud Nuevo Israel en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Las variables de estudio fueron el tipo de eventos posvacunales, el conocimiento sobre el manejo de los mismos y la fuente de información del cuidado para cada tipo de evento. Se determinaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas en función de las variables edad y nivel de instrucción que fueron expresadas mediante tablas de contingencia. Resultados: Se identificó la fiebre como el evento adverso más común y la administración de paracetamol para su manejo. Independientemente de la edad y el nivel de instrucción, la identificación y conocimiento sobre cuidado de las reacciones posvacunales fueron adecuados. La información manejada proviene en su mayoría (94,6 %) del personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: Las madres conocen los efectos posvacunales y los manejan de manera adecuada en un contexto en el que el personal de enfermería es el encargado de transmitir las buenas prácticas en su rol de educador.

Resumo Sessenta e duas amostras fecais de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), coletadas em oito unidades de conservação (UCs) no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, foram avaliadas quanto à presença de ovos de Fasciola hepatica por método de sedimentação. Ovos foram encontrados em 37,1% (23/62) das amostras, abrangendo seis UCs (75%), três UCs, localizadas na região sul do Estado, e outras três na região metropolitana da capital Vitória. A identificação dos ovos de F. hepatica coletados nas amostras fecais foi baseada na morfologia e confirmada por métodos moleculares. Os resultados sugerem que as capivaras podem servir como hospedeiros reservatórios selvagens para F. hepatica, possivelmente contribuindo para a epidemiologia e a expansão geográfica deste parasito zoonótico em sua vasta distribuição na América do Sul.

Abstract Sixty-two fecal samples of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) living in eight conservation units (CUs) across the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, were assessed for the presence of eggs of liver flukes via sedimentation. Fasciola hepatica eggs were found in 37.1% (23/62) of the samples. Positive samples were found in six CUs (75%), three CUs located in the southern region of the state and three others in the metropolitan region of the capital city of Vitória. Identification of Fasciola hepatica eggs collected from capybara fecal samples were based on morphology, and confirmed using molecular methods. Our results suggest that capybaras may serve as a wild reservoir host for F. hepatica, possibly contributing to the epidemiology and geographic range expansion of this zoonotic parasite across its vast range of distribution in South America.

Abstract In Brazil, rabies occurs mainly within an urban cycle, in which dogs and bats are reservoirs. This paper aims to report the occurrence of rabies in Callithrix sp. in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In June 2019 a hybrid specimen was referred for diagnosis. The Direct Fluorescent Antibody, Mouse Inoculation, and Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive. A phylogenetic analysis was compatible with antigenic variant 3, characteristic of Desmodus rotundus. New studies should be undertaken to elucidate the real role of callitrichids in the urban rabies cycle.

RESUMO Os fatores ambientais que afetam as características morfológicas de distintos gêneros de cactáceas são pouco conhecidos. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a contribuição de variáveis ambientais para o crescimento dos cladódios e da planta de clones de palma forrageira dos gêneros Nopalea e Opuntia. Os dados usados nesse estudo foram adquiridos de um experimento conduzido em Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013, onde os clones 'IPA Sertânia' (Nopalea), 'Miúda' (Nopalea) e 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' (Opuntia) foram submetidos a distintas lâminas (2,5; 5,0; e 7,5 mm) e intervalos fixos de irrigação (7; 14 e 28 dias). Características morfológicas dos cladódios e das plantas, e variáveis meteorológicas foram obtidas ao longo do tempo. Correlação de Pearson, seguida de análises de multicolinearidade, canônica e trilha foram aplicadas. Temperatura mínima, umidade relativa máxima e mínima, velocidade do vento e radiação solar foram as variáveis que mais afetaram o crescimento da palma. O gênero Opuntia revelou menor sensibilidade à variação da temperatura do ar quando comparado ao gênero Nopalea. As maiores intensidades de radiação solar global afetaram mais os clones do gênero Nopalea do que do gênero Opuntia. Conclui-se que há uma exigência ambiental diferenciada entre os gêneros Nopalea e Opuntia de palma forrageira.

ABSTRACT The environmental factors that affect the morphological characteristics of different genera of cacti are little known. The aim of this study therefore was to analyse the contribution of environmental variables to growth in cladodes and plant of forage cactus clones of the genera Nopalea and Opuntia. The data used in this study were obtained from an experiment conducted in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013, where the clones 'IPA Sertânia' (Nopalea), 'Miúda' (Nopalea) and 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' (Opuntia) were submitted to different irrigation depths (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and fixed irrigation intervals (7, 14 and 28 days). Morphological characteristics of the cladodes and plants and weather variables were obtained over time. Pearson's correlation, followed by multicollinearity, canonical and path analysis were applied. The minimum temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation were the variables that most affected growth in the cactus. The genus Opuntia showed less sensitivity to variations in air temperature compared to the genus Nopalea. The higher intensities of global solar radiation affected clones of the genus Nopalea more than the genus Opuntia. It can be concluded that there are different environmental requirements between forage cacti of the genera Nopalea and Opuntia.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a influência das características morfológicas dos cladódios sobre a formação do dossel da palma forrageira. O estudo foi conduzido em Serra Talhada, PE, com os clones IPA Sertânia - IPA, Miúda - MIU e Orelha de Elefante Mexicana - OEM, os quais foram submetidos a três lâminas (2,5; 5,0; e 7,5 mm) e três intervalos de irrigação (7; 14 e 28 dias), no período compreendido entre março 2012 a agosto de 2013. Dados das dimensões dos cladódios e do dossel das plantas foram obtidos ao longo do tempo. A matriz de correlação de Pearson foi elaborada, e análises canônicas e de trilha foram aplicadas para avaliação da associação entre as variáveis. Verificou-se que, as características dos cladódios de 2ª e de 3ª ordens foram as que mais contribuíram na formação do dossel dos clones do gênero Nopalea (IPA Sertânia e Miúda), enquanto para a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana do gênero Opuntia foram as dos cladódios de primeira 1ª e 3ª ordens. Conclui-se que, a influência das variáveis dos cladódios sobre o crescimento do dossel da palma forrageira esteve mais associada às características do gênero, do que a peculiaridades dos clones.

ABSTRACT Here we aimed to evaluate the influence of cladode morphology on the canopy formation of forage cactus plants. The study was carried out in Serra Talhada, the State of Pernambuco, using the IPA Sertânia (IPA), Miúda (MIU), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) clones, which were submitted to three irrigation depths (2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mm) and three irrigation intervals (7, 14, or 28 days) from March 2012 to August 2013. Cladode and plant canopy biometric data were obtained during the experimental period. We found that the characteristics of the second and third order cladodes contributed most to the canopy formation of clones of the genus Nopalea (IPA and MIU), whereas, for the genus Opuntia (OEM), the first and third order cladodes contributed most. Overall, we found that the influence of the cladode variables on the canopy growth of forage cactus is more associated with the characteristics of the genus than to the peculiarities of the clones.

Resumo A intensidade da anemia e hipoproteinemia são indicadores da gravidade da hemoncose. Este estudo objetivou verificar as alterações de peso, hematócrito e proteína plasmática, bem como a carga parasitária que indiquem a necessidade de intervenção anti-helmíntica em ovinos experimentalmente infectados com Haemonchus contortus. Foram utilizados 14 ovinos machos mestiços Santa Inês, 42,5 (±7,5) Kg, livres de nematoides, divididos em dois grupos contendo sete animais cada. Os animais do grupo infectado receberam 10.000 larvas de H. contortus cada. Todos os animais foram acompanhados aos 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 e 70 dias pós-infecção e avaliados segundo os parâmetros: OPG, Famacha©, peso, proteínas plasmáticas totais e hematócrito. No grupo infectado, o OPG variou e atingiu seu ápice aos 42 dias de acompanhamento, o hematócrito foi significativamente menor a partir da infecção experimental, o escore Famacha© variou de 1 a 2 e significativamente maior aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias, não houve alteração no nível de proteína plasmática nem no peso corpóreo em relação ao grupo controle. A infecção com até 10.000 larvas de H. contortus e OPG até 2500 não afeta significativamente o peso, hematócrito e proteína plasmática de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês, não havendo necessidade de intervenção anti-helmíntica.

Abstract The intensity of anemia and hypoproteinemia are indicators of the seriousness of haemonchosis. The objective of this study was to verify the changes in weight, hematocrit, and plasma protein, as well as the parasite load, indicating the need for anthelmintic intervention in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Fourteen crossbred Santa Inês male sheep were used, weighing 42.5 (± 7.5) kg, nematodes-free. The animals were divided into two groups of seven animals each. The group of infected animals received 10,000 H. contortus larvae each. All animals were monitored after 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70 days post-infection and the following parameters were assessed: EPG, Famacha©, weight, total plasma proteins, and hematocrit. In the infected group, the EPG varied and peaked on the 42nd follow-up day. The hematocrit became significantly lower after the experimental infection. Famacha score© ranged from 1 to 2 and it was significantly higher at 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. No change was observed in plasma protein level and body weight in the control group. Infection with up to 10,000 larvae of H. contortus. and EPG up to 2500 did not significantly affect weight, hematocrit, and plasma protein of crossbred Santa Inês sheep with no need for anthelmintic intervention.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to describe the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic cardiological findings in a group of patients with oral clefts. METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study on 70 children (age range from 13 days to 19 years) with oral clefts who attended the multidisciplinary program of a university hospital from March 2013 to September 2014. The patients were evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist and underwent detailed anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the patients were male; 55.7% presented with cleft lip and palate, and 40.0% presented with health complaints. Comorbidities were found in 44.3%. Relevant pregnancy, neonatal, family and personal antecedents were present in 55.7%, 27.1%, 67.2%, and 24.3% of the patients, respectively. Regarding the antecedents, 15.2% of the patients presented with a cardiac murmur, 49.0% with a familial risk of developing plurimetabolic syndrome, and 6% with family antecedents of rheumatic fever. Electrocardiographic evaluation showed one case of atrioventricular block. Echocardiograms were abnormal in 35.7% of the exams, including 5 cases of mitral valve prolapse — one of which was diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. CONCLUSION: The finding of a family risk of developing plurimetabolic syndrome and a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease indicates that patients with oral clefts may be more prone to developing acquired heart disease. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of anamnesis and methodological triangulation (clinical-electrocardiographic-echocardiographic) in the investigation of patients with oral clefts and emphasize that cardiological follow-up to evaluate acquired and/or rhythm heart diseases is necessary. This strategy permits comorbidity prevention and individualized planned treatment.