Abstract: This study aimed to assess the survival of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations performed using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in elderly patients. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. The records were searched until August 2020 in eight electronic bibliographic databases, and included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and observational studies, with no restrictions on the language or year of publication. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted, summarized, collected for qualitative analysis, and evaluated for individual risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool. The literature search retrieved 5,186 records; however, only seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included. The studies were published between 2002 and 2019. A total of 1,239 restorations were investigated at intervals of 6, 12, 24, and 60 months of follow-up. Some studies had a low risk of bias, while others had moderate and high risk of bias. In general, GIC restorations placed using ART were considered satisfactory. The 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month survival rates ranged from 81.3% to 97.2%, 72.2% to 94%, and 63% to 87%, respectively; additionally, the survival rate for the longest follow-up period (60 months) was 85%. Given the best evidence-based information regarding caries removal, we highlight the need to provide a conservative and effective technique for use in elderly patients. ART is a promising and viable alternative that guarantees the survival of restorations in elderly patients.

The influence of alternating electric field (AC) in the structure and dynamics of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprised of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) is reported. The investigations were conducted by using optical fluorescence microscopy as the method of analysis. The lipid membrane of the DLPC GUVs at the fluid phase can be deformed and they migrate towards the electrodes under AC electric field. Nevertheless, membrane disruption or vesicle fusion was never noticed. The addition of concentrated glucose solution influences the osmotic pressure of the system leading to the formation of filaments at the outer region of the GUVs. These long flexible cylinders do not retract spontaneously. However, the application of AC electric field (20 V/mm, 20 Hz) enables the filaments to be retracted back to the GUVs membrane at a calculated speed of 0.18 µm.s-1

RESUMO Contexto Recentemente, uma grande variedade de estudos tem investigado e até mesmo sugerido a presença de Helicobacter pylori como um importante fator no desenvolvimento de eventos restritos ou não ao trato gastrointestinal. A relação já bem estabelecida entre virulência bacteriana e risco aumentado para úlcera péptica ou adenocarcinoma gástrico não parece estar tão elucidada quando se comparam alterações de marcadores inflamatórios, como a proteína C-reativa, com a presença do patógeno. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença da infecção por H. pylori, a virulência bacteriana e os níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa em indivíduos diagnosticados com dispepsia funcional. Métodos Foram incluídos neste estudo, prospectivamente, 489 indivíduos dispépticos. Os pacientes deveriam preencher os critérios clínicos de Roma III para o diagnóstico de dispepsia funcional sem apresentar doença orgânica evidenciada a partir da endoscopia. A infecção bacteriana foi estabelecida por histologia e pelo teste rápido da urease. Os níveis de proteína C-reativa foram quantificados através de imunonefelometria e o status para a presença da CagA dos indivíduos infectados por H. pylorifoi determinado por ensaio imunoenzimático. Resultados A taxa de prevalência de H. pylori foi de 66.3% e o fator de virulência CagA foi detectado em aproximandamente 43% das amostras positivas. Adicionalmente, denotou-se uma associação entre o consumo deIlex paraguariensis (chimarrão) e a prevalência do patógeno. Um importante efeito da infecção bacteriana na inflamação apenas foi observado localmente, no epitélio gástrico. Conclusão Não foi evidenciada resposta sistêmica ao patógeno aferido através dos níveis de proteína C-reativa, independentemente do status para CagA. Por outro lado, o consumo de chimarrão pode ser sugerido como um fator cultural possivelmente relacionado à transmissão de H. pylori.

ABSTRACT Background Recently, a great variety of studies aimed to investigate and even suggestHelicobacter pylori as an important key factor in gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal events development. The well-established relationship between bacterial virulence and increased risk for peptic ulcer or gastric carcinoma is not so clear when comparing inflammation markers alterations, such C-reactive protein, with the pathogen. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of H. pylori, bacterial virulence and C-reactive protein serum levels in individuals diagnosed with functional dyspepsia. Methods Were prospectively included in this study 489 dyspeptic individuals. They fulfill Rome III clinical criteria for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia with no organic disease at endoscopy. The bacterial infection was established by histology and urease rapid test. The levels of serum C-reactive protein were obtained by immunonefelometry and CagA status ofH. pylori positive individuals was determined through an imunoenzimatic assay. Results Prevalence rate of H. pylori was 66.3% and virulence factor CagA was detected in nearly 43% of positive samples. In addition, it has been noticed an association between Ilex paraguariensis(yerba maté) consumption and pathogen's prevalence. An important effect of bacterial infection on inflammation was only observed in gastric epithelium. Conclusion No systemic response to the pathogen, measured through C-reactive protein levels, was observed, regardless of CagA status. Otherwise, the intake of yerba maté should be considered as a cultural factor possibly related toH. pylori's transmission.

PURPOSE: To fabricate a three-dimensional biomodels of intracranial aneurysms, using rapid prototyping technology, to facilitate optimal anatomical visualization of aneurysms prior to and during surgery. METHODS: Four intracranial aneurysms cases were selected for this study. Using CT angiography images, the rapid prototyping process was completed using a PolyJet technology machine. The size and morphology of the prototypes were compared to brain digital subtraction arteriography of the same patients. RESULTS: The biomodels reproduced the exact location and morphology of the intracranial aneurysms, particularly the necks, in life-size dimensions and exactly the same as measured by digital subtraction arteriography. The arterial segments adjacent to the aneurysm and arteries anatomically known by the surgeon were also shown, which could guide the surgeon to the aneurysmal segment. The models showed an average unit cost of US$ 130 and each one took an average of 20 hours to be fabricated. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to fabricate 3D physical biomodels of intracranial aneurysms from CT angiography images. These prototypes may be useful in the surgical planning for intracranial aneurysms to clarify the anatomy, define surgical techniques and facilitate the choice of suitable materials, such as clips and clip appliers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of oatmeal and palm fat in the elaboration of biscuits with added L-leucine and calcium in order to develop a product for sarcopenia in the elderly. The biscuits, or cookies, were elaborated applying a central composite rotational design with surface response methodology, and the significant linear, quadratic and interaction terms were used in the second order mathematical model. Physical, physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed by a trained panel. Based on the best results obtained, three cookie formulations were selected for sensory evaluation by the target group and physicochemical determinations. The formulations with the highest sensory scores for appearance and texture and medium scores for color and expansion index were selected. The addition of calcium and leucine increased significantly the concentration of these components in the biscuits elaborated resulting in a cookie with more than 30% of DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) for calcium and leucine. The formulations selected showed high acceptance by the target group; therefore, they can be included in the diet of elderly with sarcopenia as a functional food.

O tomateiro é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e uma das mais suscetíveis a viroses, dentre as quais, a causada pelo vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV), gênero Tobamovirus, que tem como sintomas mosaico verde claro-escuro nas folhas, afilamento dos folíolos e diminuição da produção, entre outros sintomas. Visando a identificação do ToMV, foram produzidos anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs), testados através de PTA- ELISA ("plate trapped antigen- enzyme linked immunoassay"). O MAb (10.H1) foi utilizado para avaliar a capacidade de identificação do ToMV em testes no campo em plantas de tomate infectadas. O MAb não apresentou reação cruzada com TMV (tobamovirus do mosaico do tabaco) nem com extrato de plantas sadias. O ToMV das amostras foi isolado, purificado e re-inoculado em plantas de tomateiro e de tabaco, para confirmação dos sintomas. Em "immunobloting" o MAb 10.H1 reconheceu somente a proteína referente à capa protéica do ToMV (de 17,5 kDa). A especificidade do MAb 10.H1 pode permitir o diagnóstico precoce desta doença na fase de plântulas, ainda em casa de vegetação, evitando assim a disseminação desta virose no campo.

Tomato is a highly important crop for the world economy, and very susceptible to virus diseases, among them the tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV), which causes light and dark green mosaic in the leaves, decreases yield, among other symptoms. With the aim of early identifying ToMV in biological material, harvested from crop fields, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against ToMV. The MAb 10.H1 tested through PTA-ELISA (Plate Trapped Antigen--Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay), does not cross-react with TMV (tobacco mosaic tobamovirus) or with proteins extracted from plant sap. The MAb was able to identify ToMV from infected plants. The ToMV was isolated, purified and used to re-inoculate tobacco and tomato plants to confirm the symptoms. In immunoblotting assays the MAb recognizes only the band corresponding to the coat protein of the ToMV (17.5 kDa). The MAb 10.H1 opens the possibility to identify ToMV in tomato seedlings avoiding its dissemination in cropped fields.

Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria um psitacídeo da espécie Amazona aestiva, com cinco meses de idade, 320 gramas, que apresentava desvio rotacional do membro direito na sua porção distal ao joelho. Ao exame radiográfico identificou-se luxação do joelho. Como tratamento, foi realizada artrodese dessa articulação, utilizando-se um fixador esquelético externo transarticular. Após 60 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, houve completa união (artrodese) entre o fêmur e o tibiotarso, e a ave utilizava adequadamente o membro.

A five-month-old Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva), weighting 320g, was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria presenting rotational deformities of the right limb distal leg. A knee joint luxation was identified in the radiographic exam. Arthrodesis was performed using transarticular external skeletal fixation. Sixty days after the surgery, there was complete osseous union (arthrodesis) between femur and tibiotarsus, and the bird recovered the function of the limb.

We used a slide culture technique to detect tubercle bacilli surviving in sputum smears (n=46) after conventional heat fixation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In all heat-fixed sputum smears, tubercle bacilli survived after time 0 (n=22), 24 h (n=7), 48 h (n=7), 72 h (n=4), and seven days (n=6). None of the stained sputum smears showed growth on slide cultures. Viable tubercle bacilli remaining in heat-fixed sputum smears for at least seven days may present an infection risk to laboratory staff. Thus, sputum smears should be stained immediately by the Ziehl-Neelsen method or stored in a safe container to avoid transmission of tuberculosis.

Leveduras contaminantes podem causar grandes perdas em processos fermentativos quando infectam culturas puras e degradam a qualidade do produto final. Estas leveduras podem ser detectadas por diversos métodos mas nenhum deles oferece resultados com a exatidão e precisão necessárias, quando os contaminantes estão em baixa freqüência. Culturas puras contendo um gene marcador podem ser utilizadas para a direta identificação de células e colônias contaminantes. Detecção rápida e fácil é desejada e marcadores morfológicos podem auxiliar na visualização da cultura marcada. O gene da GFP (green fluorescent protein) extraído da Aequorea victoria mostrou-se eficiente para marcação de células, oferecendo ainda uma fácil visualização das populações e tecidos marcados. Para testar este marcador no estudo de leveduras contaminantes, o gene GFP foi usado para construir um vetor, sob o controle do promotor de ADH2, que é reprimido por glicose, não interferindo assim em nenhuma etapa do processo. A inserção do vetor com a GFP (pYGFP3) em leveduras foi um sucesso, demonstrando alta estabilidade e oferecendo com certeza, um novo método com alta eficiência para o controle de contaminantes em processos fermentativos além de servir como marcador destinado a proteção industrial do material genético.

Contaminant yeasts spoil pure culture fermentations and cause great losses in quality and product yields. They can be detected by a variety of methods although none being so efficient for early detection of contaminant yeast cells that appear at low frequency. Pure cultures bearing genetic markers can ease the direct identification of cells and colonies among contaminants. Fast and easy detection are desired and morphological markers would even help the direct visualization of marked pure cultures among contaminants. The GFP gene for green fluorescent protein of Aquorea victoria, proved to be a very efficient marker to visualize transformed cells in mixed populations and tissues. To test this marker in the study of contaminated yeast fermentations, the GFP gene was used to construct a vector under the control of the ADH2 promoter (pYGFP3). Since ADH2 is repressed by glucose the expression of the protein would not interfere in the course of fermentation. The transformed yeasts with the vector pYGFP3 showed high stability and high bioluminescence to permit identification of marked cells among a mixed population of cells. The vector opens the possibility to conduct further studies aiming to develop an efficient method for early detection of spoilage yeasts in industrial fermentative processes.

Eliminação de cromossomos em híbridos interespecíficos é uma ferramenta poderosa em programas de melhoramento. Entre 12 variedades brasileiras de aveia recomendadas para cultivo na região Sul, uma (UFRGS 15) apresentou um tipo de eliminação cromossômica nunca antes descrita em outra espécie. Cromossomos que deram origem a micronúcleos durante a meiose foram eliminados do micrósporo como micrócito. O micronúcleo aproximava-se da parede do micrósporo, formava um tipo de brotamento e sofria separação do micrósporo. Os micrócitos eliminados deram origem a grãos de pólen pequenos e estéreis. As possíveis aplicações deste achado para o melhoramento de aveia são discutidas.

Chromosome elimination in interspecific hybrids is a powerful tool in breeding programs. Of 12 Brazilian oat varieties recommended for cultivation in southern Brazil, one variety, UFRGS 15, presented a new type of chromosome elimination never described in any other species. Chromosomes that produced micronuclei during meiosis were eliminated from microspores as microcytes. The micronucleus reached the microspore wall and formed a kind of bud, separated from the microspore. The eliminated microcytes gave origin to small and sterile pollen grains. The possible applications of this finding for oat breeding are discussed.

Hodiernamente, o estudo sobre o grão de polem tem alcançado importância muito grande. O tamanho e o contorno, o número e a posição dos sulcos, o número e a posição das aberturas, assim como, os detalhes na ornamentação da parede, principalmente da exina, constituem os principais caracteres morfológicos dos grãos de polem, que oferecem subsídios mormente à Taxonomia Vegetal. O material utilizado no presente trabalho, foi obtido da coleção de abacaxizeiros, pertencentes à Estação Experimental de Limeira-Cordeirópolis (SP). Objetivamos estudar comparativamente, a morfologia dos grãos de polem, provenientes de espécies diferentes. Utilizamo-nos de dois processos para obtenção de lâminas, para posteriores exames ao microscópio: método rápido e método da acetólise. Constatamos que, a maioria do material examinado ao microscópio, apresentou grãos de polem isolados, monoporados, com a exina reticulada, com sulcos longitudinais, de formas predominantemente esféricas ou ovóides. Muito embora trabalhássemos com material de espécies distintas, não houve diferenças morfológicas evidentes, nos grãos de polem examinados, tanto para o método não acetolítico (rápido) como para o método da acetólise.

Nowadays, the study of the pollen grains has reached great importance. The size, the countour, the number and position of the grooves; the number and position of apertures as well as details of the wall decoration, mainly of the exine, constitute the principal morphological characteristics of the pollen grains. Such elements thus provide aids to Plant Taxonomy mainly. The material used in the present work was obtained from the Limeira Experimental Station pineaple plant collection in Cordeirópolis, SP - Brasil. Our aim was to study comparatively the morphology of the pollen grains picked up from different species. We made use of two processes for the obtention of slides for microscope examination afterwards - the speed method and acetolysis method. We noted that most of the material examined on the microscope showed isolated and monopored pollen grains with reticulate exine besides lenthwise grooves and with predominantly ovate or spherical shapes. Although, we worked with material of different species there were no evident morphological differences among the examined pollen grains neither with the speed method (the non-acetolic method) nor with the acetolic method.

Estudou-se o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular do abacaxizeiro, var. Branco de Pernambuco, após 4, 8 e 12 meses do plantio de filhotes em solo Latosol Vermelho Escuro-Orto. Aos 4 meses de idade, as plantas não haviam emitido raízes. Aos 8 e aos 12 meses, respectivamente 96% e 94% do pêso das raízes foram localizadas nos primeiros 20 cm do solo. e alcançaram a profundidade máxima de 1,30 m. Nas condições do experimento (sem irrigação) obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios com o plantio no início da estação sêca.

A study was made on the development of the root system of pineapple, var. «Branco de Pernambuco», at 4, 8 and 12 months after the slips were planted and kept without irrigation in a red latosol. After 4 months, although alive, the plants have not rooted. At the 8th month, root system was developed and reached a depth of 1.30 m. This deepness did not increase, but the root weight doubled between the 8th and 12th month. About 95% of the root weight concentrated in the first 20 cm of the soil. The results indicated that although insuitable, the planting of the slips at the beginning of the dry season is possible.