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Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the inoculation and co-inoculation of bacteria with biotechnological potential, isolated from Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. and Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, under germination and seedling growth of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, as well as, to verify the influence of the co-inoculum in the soil indigenous bacterial community. For this, two assays in a completely randomized design were set up. The experimental period was 21 days. In a germination chamber, 25 treatments were evaluated (24 bacterial inoculants and a control – without inoculation). In greenhouse assay, were used five co-inoculations (bacterial consortium). The bacterial consortium was obtained based on the bacterial strain performance in the germination test. In addition, the control and one treatment with mineral fertilizer (NPK) were tested. In germination test, the seed inoculation promoted increases of 61, 40, 144, 82, 6, 96, 91 and 52% in germination vigor, speed germination index, number of absorbent hairs, number of plumules, primary root length, hypocotyl length, total length, and dry matter of seedlings, respectively, when compared to control. The co-inoculation also increased the growth parameters of B. decumbens plants when compared to the control treatment. In addition, promoted changes in the soil bacterial community structure. Becoming an important strategy to increase the germination rate and germination speed of B. decumbens plants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652202220200124

Filamentous fungi from textile effluent and their potential application for bioremediation process
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LIRA, MILENE M.A.

; BERNAL, SUZAN P.F.

; CASTRO, CAMILA C.J.

; RAMOS, PRISCILA M.M.

; LIRA, MICHAEL J.S.

; OTTONI, JÚLIA R.

; BOROSKI, MARCELA

; PASSARINI, MICHEL R.Z.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 2 elocation e20201020

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The inappropriate disposal of toxic compounds generated by industrial activity has considerably impacted the environment. Microbial communities inhabiting contaminated sites may represent ecological alternatives for the decontamination of environments. The present work aimed to search the potential of fungi isolated from wastewater treatment plant of a textile industry for bioremediation processes. Twenty-three fungi previously isolated from textile effluent were evaluated for their abilities to degrade pollutants using heavy metal and hydrocarbon tolerance assays. One isolate was subjected to pyrene degradation due its ability to tolerate hydrocarbon. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least two metals tested, i.e. chrome, copper, lead and aluminum. Isolates Penicillium sp. ITF 2, Penicillium rubens ITF 4, Penicillium sp. ITF 12 and ITF 20 (not identified) showed tolerance to tested heavy metals in all concentrations. ITF 12 and ITF 20 were able to tolerate benzene, toluene and hexane, separately. ITF 12 was able to degrade 24.9% of pyrene after 5 days of cultivation. The results encourage future studies to optimize the tolerance and degradation assay using the isolates that showed the best results, as well as studies on the treatment of environments contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons, including industrial textile effluents.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201020

Covid-19 no nordeste do Brasil: entre o lockdown e o relaxamento das medidas de distanciamento social
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Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar

; Albuquerque, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militão de

; Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi

; Araújo, Thália Velho Barreto de

; Miranda Filho, Demócrito de Barros

; Souza, Wayner Vieira de

; Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos

; Lira, Pedro Israel Cabral de

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo

; Aquino, Estela ML

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

; Almeida, Rosa Lívia Freitas de

; Kendall, Carl

; Pescarini, Julia M

; Brandão Filho, Sinval Pinto

; Almeida-Filho, Naomar

; Oliveira, Juliane Fonseca de

; Teles, Carlos

; Jorge, Daniel Cardoso Pereira

; Santana, Guilherme

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Rodrigues, Moreno MS

; Silva, Natanael Jesus da

; Souza, Rafael Felipe da Silva

; Silva, Vivian Alessandra Ferreira da

; Barreto, Maurício Lima

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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apr 2021, Volume 26 N. 4 Pages 1441 - 1456

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Mesmo no período em que a pandemia de Covid-19 encontrava-se em crescimento no Nordeste do Brasil, iniciou-se a adoção de medidas de flexibilização do distanciamento social. O objetivo do estudo é o de avaliar a pertinência das propostas de flexibilização, tomando-se em conta a situação da pandemia em cada local e o momento em que foram adotadas. Tendo como referência as diretrizes da OMS, foram construídos e analisados indicadores operacionais para cada diretriz, no contexto da região Nordeste. Para análise do comportamento da epidemia, conforme indicadores selecionados, foram usadas técnicas de Joinpoint Trend Analysis, mapas de calor, razão de taxas e comparação da tendência temporal entre capitais e interior dos estados. O pico do crescimento semanal ocorreu em maio-julho/2020 (semanas epidemiológicas 19 a 31). Na maioria das capitais não se observou tendência decrescente simultânea do número de casos e óbitos nos 14 dias prévios à flexibilização. Em todos os estados o quantitativo de testes realizados foi insuficiente. Na semana epidemiológica 24 os percentuais estaduais de ocupação de leitos de UTI/Covid-19 foram próximos ou superiores 70%. A situação epidemiológica das nove capitais dos estados do Nordeste, no momento em que a decisão de flexibilização foi tomada, mostra que nenhuma delas atendia aos critérios e parâmetros recomendados pela OMS.

Abstract Even in the period when the Covid-19 pandemic was on the rise in the Northeast of Brazil, the relaxation of social distancing measures was introduced. The scope of the study is to assess, in the light of the epidemiological-sanitary situation in the region, the suitability of relaxation of social distancing measures. Based on the WHO guidelines for relaxation of social distancing, operational indicators were created and analyzed for each guideline in the context of the Northeast. To analyze the behavior of the epidemic, according to selected indicators, Joinpoint trend analysis techniques, heat maps, rate ratios and time trends between capitals and the state interior were compared. The weekly growth peak of the epidemic occurred in May-July 2020 (epidemiological weeks 19 to 31). In most capitals, there was no simultaneous downward trend in the number of cases and deaths in the 14 days prior to flexibilization. In all states the number of tests performed was insufficient. In epidemiological week 24, the state percentages of ICU/Covid-19 bed occupancy were close to or above 70%. The epidemiological situation of the nine Northeastern state capitals analyzed here did not meet criteria and parameters recommended by the World Health Organization for the relaxation of social distancing measures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021264.39422020 2043 downloads

Covid-19 no nordeste do Brasil: entre o lockdown e o relaxamento das medidas de distanciamento social
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Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar

; Albuquerque, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militão de

; Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi

; Araújo, Thália Velho Barreto de

; Miranda Filho, Demócrito de Barros

; Souza, Wayner Vieira de

; Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos

; Lira, Pedro Israel Cabral de

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo

; Aquino, Estela ML

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

; Almeida, Rosa Lívia Freitas de

; Kendall, Carl

; Pescarini, Julia M

; Brandão Filho, Sinval Pinto

; Almeida-Filho, Naomar

; Oliveira, Juliane Fonseca de

; Teles, Carlos

; Jorge, Daniel Cardoso Pereira

; Santana, Guilherme

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Rodrigues, Moreno MS

; Silva, Natanael Jesus da

; Souza, Rafael Felipe da Silva

; Silva, Vivian Alessandra Ferreira da

; Barreto, Maurício Lima

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2021, Volume 26 N. 4 Pages 1441 - 1456

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021264.39422020

Biotechnological potential of microorganisms from textile effluent: isolation, enzymatic activity and dye discoloration
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BERNAL, SUZAN P.F.

; LIRA, MILENE M.A.

; JEAN-BAPTISTE, JAMES

; GARCIA, PAULO EDUARDO

; BATISTA, ELIZIANE

; OTTONI, JÚLIA R.

; PASSARINI, MICHEL R.Z.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 4 elocation e20191581

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Environmental pollution may be considered one of the main problems affecting the world population. As the effluents from textile industries are the largest representatives of sources of pollution of water bodies due to the disposal of colored compounds in the environment. Microorganisms capable of thriving in textile wastewater may exhibit metabolic machinery to synthesize a wide variety of enzymes and/or secondary metabolites of industrial interest. The present work investigated the biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi from wastewater of a textile industry for the production of laccase, cellulase, amylase and lipase enzymes and their potential for discoloration capacity of Remazol Brilliant Blue R synthetic dye. The isolate Aspergillus sydowii (ITF 30) presented the best cellulase (46.74 U mL-1), amylase, lipase and laccase (0.0273 U L-1) production, as well as RBBR dye discoloration ability in solid medium, followed by isolate Aspergillus sydowii (ITF 27) able to synthesize cellulase, amylase and laccase and had the capacity to discolor 74.7% of RBBR in liquid medium. The results of the present work encourage future studies of characterization, optimization and purification of the enzymes encountered, aiming to be used in bioremediation processes of textile industrial effluents.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120191581 133 downloads

Emissões de CO2 de sistemas de revestimento de argamassa: estudo de caso de aplicação de argamassa projetada comparativamente à aplicação convencional
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Albuquerque, Hiago Ribeiro

; Lira, Júlia

; Sposto, Rosa Maria

Ambiente Construído

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oct 2018, Volume 18 N. 4 Pages 377 - 393

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O processo de produção de edificações contribui significativamente para os impactos ambientais, em especial pelas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). O revestimento de argamassa ainda é frequentemente realizado de forma convencional no Brasil, apesar da busca do setor pela maior racionalização do processo de produção. É de muita valia analisar os impactos decorrentes da fase de aplicação, buscando alternativas que possam minimizar as emissões de gases poluentes. Nessecontexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo levantar as emissões de CO2 a partir da avaliação de ciclo de vida de emissões de CO2 (ACVCO2) entre duas técnicas de aplicação da argamassa: projetada e convencional. A metodologia tem como base um estudo de caso de uma edificação em Brasília,DF, a partir da simulação da execução das técnicas de revestimento analisadas. A ACVCO2 se restringiu à fase de aplicação do sistema de revestimento. Os resultados indicaram que o reboco projetado apresentou menor percentual de emissão de CO2, sendo 50% inferior ao método convencional. Mesmo com o aumento do gasto energético pela utilização de equipamentos, a redução das perdas da técnica de aplicação projetada se mostrou favorável em relação à redução das emissões associadas, sendo um incentivo à difusão de técnicas de construção racionalizadas.

Abstract The process of producing buildings has significant environmental impacts, especially through green house gas (GHG) emissions. In Brazil, mortar coating is still often executed by conventional methods, despite the industry's efforts to rationalize the production process. It is worthwhile to analyse the impacts caused during the application phase, looking for alternatives that can minimize the emissions of polluting gases. In this context, this study aims to evaluate CO2 emissions through the CO2 Emission Life Cycle Assessment (ACVCO2) in two mortar application techniques: projected and conventional. The methodology is based on a case study of a building in Brasília, Brazil, through a simulation of the execution of the two coating techniques analysed. ACVCO2 was restricted to the application phase of the coating. The results indicate that the projected plaster produces a lower percentage of CO2 emissions, 50% lower than the conventional method. Even though energy consumption increased due to equipment operation, the reduction in the losses of the projected application technique was favourable in relation to the reduction of associated emissions, which is an incentive to disseminate streamlined construction techniques.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000400311 1779 downloads

Vegetable moisturizing raw material from “Caatinga” Brazilian biome: safety and efficacy evaluations of O/W cosmetic emulsions containing Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract
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Rodrigues, Rayllan de Oliveira

; Damasceno, Gabriel Azevedo de Brito

; Barreto, Stella Maria Andrade Gomes

; Fernandes, Julia Morais

; Telaprolu, Krishna Chaitanya

; Rocha-Filho, Pedro Alves da

; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira

; Ostrosky, Elissa Arantes

; Sales, Valeria Soraya de Farias

; Langassner, Silvana Maria Zucolotto

; Ferrari, Márcio

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2018, Volume 54 N. 4 elocation e17720

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract, followed by the development of an oil in water emulsion containing the K. brasiliensis leaves extract and evaluating its clinical moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing sodium acrylates/ Beheneth-25 methacrylate Crosspolymer (and) hydrogenated polydecene (and) lauryl glucoside and 0.5% of extract were prepared. The extract was considered as non-irritating through skin irritant tests. The stability testing was carried out in different conditions for 90 days. The skin hydration was measured by capacitance measurement and transepidermal water loss using biophysical techniques. The results indicate that the formulation containing 0.5% of extract increased the hydration of the stratum corneum up to 5 h after application on the forearm. The transepidermal water loss was reduced when compared to the untreated area and placebo area. Therefore, we can conclude that the increased skin hydration and protection of barrier function can be attributed to the K. brasiliensis extract. This research presents a new raw material from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and shows its possible application in the development of cosmetic products.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902018000417720 1052 downloads

Physicochemical and sensory characterization of three different portions from commercial pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) fillets
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Santos, Júlia de Souza Lira

; Mársico, Eliane Teixeira

; Cinquini, Miguel Antônio

; Silva, Flávio Alves da

; Conte Junior, Carlos Adam

; Monteiro, Maria Lúcia Guerra

Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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2018, Volume 21 elocation e2017178

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar relevantes parâmetros físico-químicos e sensoriais de três diferentes porções musculares da espécie Arapaima gigas. Porções cranial, medial e caudal foram analisadas em relação a composição centesimal, parâmetros instrumentais de cor e textura e atributos sensoriais. As porções medial e caudal apresentaram o maior conteúdo de lipídeos e valor energético (P < 0,05); no entanto, os menores teores de umidade e carboidrato ( P < 0,05). O conteúdo de proteína foi similar ( P > 0,05) entre as diferentes porções musculares. Antes do cozimento, as porções medial e caudal demonstraram os maiores valores de L* , a*, dureza e mastigabilidade (P < 0,05). Após o cozimento, não se observou diferença (P > 0,05) nos parâmetros instrumentais de cor entre as diferentes porções musculares. A porção medial apresentou menor dureza e mastigabilidade ( P < 0,05), quando comparada à porção caudal. A porção cranial apresentou o menor escore de sabor e impressão global (P < 0,05). Portanto, as porções musculares medial e caudal de Arapaima gigas demonstraram potencial superior para satisfazer as exigências dos consumidores.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the relevant physicochemical and sensory parameters of three different Arapaima gigas muscle portions. Cranial, medial and caudal portions were analysed regarding their proximate compositions, instrumental colour and texture parameters, and sensory evaluations. The medial and caudal portions exhibited the greatest (P < 0.05) lipid contents and energy values and the lowest (P < 0.05) moisture and carbohydrate levels. The protein contents were similar (P > 0.05) for the different muscle portions. Before cooking, the medial and caudal portions displayed the greatest (P < 0.05) values for lightness, redness, hardness and chewiness. After cooking, no differences ( P > 0.05) were observed between the different muscle portions for the instrumental colour parameters, while the medial portion exhibited lower (P < 0.05) values for hardness and chewiness as compared to the caudal portion. The cranial portion received the lowest (P < 0.05) scores for flavour and overall liking. Thus the Arapaima gigas medial and caudal muscle portions presented the greatest potentials to satisfy the consumer requirements.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.17817 987 downloads

Life cycle carbon emissions inventory of brick masonry and light steel framing houses in Brasilia: proposal of design guidelines for low-carbon social housing
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Caldas, Lucas Rosse

; Lira, Júlia Santiago de Matos Monteiro

; Melo, Pedro Corrêa de

; Sposto, Rosa Maria

Ambiente Construído

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jul 2017, Volume 17 N. 3 Pages 71 - 85

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo avaliou as emissões de CO2eq no ciclo de vida de duas habitações de interesse social, uma de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos e outra de light steel framing. Como metodologia foi utilizada a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de Emissões de Carbono (ACVCO2), com o escopo do berço ao túmulo. Foi avaliada a relação entre o desempenho térmico dos sistemas de vedação vertical e emissões de CO2eq na etapa operacional das habitações utilizando o software DesignBuilder. Foram avaliados seis cenários da etapa operacional, compostos de três fatores de emissões de CO2eq da matriz elétrica brasileira e duas agendas de ocupação das habitações. A habitação de alvenaria cerâmica apresentou menores emissões de CO2eq, e para ambas as habitações a etapa operacional se mostrou a mais significativa (50% a 70%), seguida da construção (20% a 30%), manutenção (11% a 20%) e fim de vida (menor que 1%). Os resultados mostraram a importância de se considerarem diferentes fatores de emissões de CO2eq na etapa operacional. Ao final, com base nos resultados obtidos, foram propostas diretrizes de projeto para habitações de interesse social de baixo carbono.

Abstract This study evaluated the CO2eq emissions during the life cycle of two social housing projects in the city of Brasilia. A house of ceramic brick masonry was compared to a light steel framing one. The life cycle carbon emissions assessment (LCCO2A) with a cradle-to-grave approach was used. The relation between the thermal performance of the wall systems and CO2eq emissions in the operational phase of the houses were evaluated using the DesignBuilder software. In addition, six scenarios composed of three CO2eq emission factors from the Brazilian electrical grid and two schedules of occupation of houses (full and part time) were evaluated. The brick masonry house presented less CO2eq emissions than the light steel framing one. For both houses, the operational phase was the most significant regarding the total CO2eq emissions (50% to 70%), followed by the construction (20% to 30%), maintenance (11% to 20%) and end-of-life (lower than 1%) phases. The results also showed the importance of considering different CO2eq emission factors for the Brazilian context in the operational phase. Finally, based on the results obtained, design guidelines for low carbon social housing were proposed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000300163 3281 downloads

10.

Isolamento e prospecção de bactérias endofíticas e epifíticas na cana-de-açúcar em áreas com e sem cupinicida
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Silva, Michelangelo de Oliveira

; Freire, Fernando José

; Lira Junior, Mario Andrade

; Kuklinsky-Sobral, Júlia

; Costa, Diogo Paes da

; Lira-Cadete, Luana

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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aug 2012, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 1113 - 1122

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A exploração e o conhecimento dos mecanismos de interação bactéria-planta podem ser utilizados para a produção sustentável de diversas culturas, como a cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e prospectar bactérias associadas à cultura da cana-de-açúcar com capacidade de fixar nitrogênio e solubilizar fosfato inorgânico em áreas com e sem aplicação de cupinicida. Bactérias endofíticas, de folha e raiz, e do rizoplano foram isoladas de três variedades comerciais (RB 92579, RB 867515 e RB 863129) de cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas no Nordeste brasileiro, em áreas com e sem aplicação de cupinicida, aos quatro meses após o plantio. Foram obtidos 272 isolados, selecionados quanto à sua capacidade de solubilizar fosfato inorgânico e fixar nitrogênio. O uso do cupinicida não provocou alterações nas comunidades microbianas endofíticas de folha e raiz e epifíticas do rizoplano. As variedades estudadas apresentam uma comunidade bacteriana associada com potencial aplicação para a promoção de crescimento vegetal, pois possuem a capacidade de fixar N2 e solubilizar fosfato inorgânico.

The exploration and knowledge of bacteria-plant interaction mechanisms may be used for a more sustainable production of several crops, e.g., of sugarcane. The objective of this paper was to isolate bacteria associated with sugarcane with the ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize inorganic phosphate in areas with and without the application of termiticide. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves and roots and from the rhizoplane, four months after planting of three commercial sugarcane varieties (RB 92579, RB 867515 and RB 863129), in the Northeast of Brazil. Altogether, 272 isolates were obtained and selected for their capacity to solubilize inorganic phosphate and fix nitrogen. Termiticide application induced no changes in the endophytic microbial communities of leaf and root and the epiphytic bacteria of the rhizoplane. A bacterial community associated with the studied sugarcane varieties was identified, which could be applied for plant growth promotion, since it can fix N2 and solubilize inorganic phosphate.

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11.

Perfil de retinol no soro e colostro de puérperas atendidas em maternidade pública Brasileira e sua associação com características maternas e obstétricas
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Lira, Larissa Queiroz de

; Ribeiro, Penha Patrícia C

; Grilo, Evellyn Câmara

; Freitas, Júlia Karinne C. O.

; Dimenstein, Roberto

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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dec 2011, Volume 29 N. 4 Pages 515 - 520

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJETIVO: Definir o estado nutricional e estabelecer a prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A (DVA) em puérperas atendidas em maternidade pública brasileira, além de avaliar a influência de características maternas e obstétricas sobre os níveis de retinol no soro e no colostro nessa população. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo de corte transversal 97 puérperas saudáveis classificadas quanto à idade, estado nutricional, paridade, via de parto, peso ao nascer e idade gestacional do recém-nascido. Três amostras de colostro e uma de soro foram coletadas em jejum no pós-parto imediato. O retinol foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Para caracterizar o estado nutricional em vitamina A, foi adotado ponto de corte para retinol no soro de 30µg/dL e, no colostro, de 60µg/dL. RESULTADOS: No grupo total de puérperas, a concentração média de 60µg/dL de retinol no colostro e 43µg/dL no soro indicou estado bioquímico adequado. No entanto, ao se avaliar individualmente, constatou-se alta prevalência de DVA subclínica no soro (15%) e no colostro (50%). Não foi verificada influência das características maternas, obstétricas e do neonato sobre os níveis de retinol no soro e no colostro das mulheres (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O risco de DVA pode ocorrer em gestantes/puérperas independentemente das características maternas e obstétricas consideradas. Esse fato reforça a necessidade da atenção especial ao acompanhamento pré-natal de todas as mulheres, a fim de prevenir a instalação da DVA e garantir a redução dos índices de morbimortalidade infantil e materna.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between serum and colostrum retinol levels and maternal and obstetric characteristics of women attending a Brazilian public maternity hospital, and to establish the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in this population. METHODS: This cross sectional study included 97 healthy postpartum women classified according to age, nutritional status, parity, mode of delivery, newborn's weight and gestational age. Three samples of colostrum pool and a single serum sample were collected after overnight fasting in the immediate postpartum period. Retinol was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. To characterize the nutritional status of vitamin A, a cutoff for serum (30 µg/dL) and colostrum (60µg/dL) was adopted. RESULTS: Mean levels of serum (43µg/dL) and colostrum (60µg/dL) retinol showed adequate vitamin A nutritional status in the whole sample. High prevalence of subclinical VAD was assessed on the basis of cutoff points for serum and colostrum retinol levels: 15 and 50%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between maternal, obstetric and newborn characteristics and serum and colostrum retinol profile in the studied mothers. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of VAD occurs in postpartum women regardless of the maternal and obstetric characteristics considered. This finding reinforces the need for special attention during prenatal care for all pregnant women in order to avoid the onset of VAD and to ensure the reduction of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality rates.

OBJETIVO: Definir el estado nutricional y establecer la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA) en puérperas atendidas en maternidad pública brasileña, además de evaluar la influencia de características maternas y obstétricas sobre los niveles de retinol en el suero y el calostro en esta población. MÉTODOS: Participaron del estudio de corte transversal 97 puérperas sanas que fueron clasificadas respecto a la edad, estado nutricional, paridad, vía de parto, peso al nacimiento y edad gestacional del recién nacido. Tres muestras de calostro y una de suero fueron recogidas en ayuno en el postparto inmediato. El retinol fue analizado por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. Para caracterizar el estado nutricional en vitamina A se adoptó punto de corte para retinol en el suero (30µg/dL) y en el calostro (60µg/dL). RESULTADOS: En el grupo total de puérperas, la concentración mediana de 60µg/dL de retinol en el calostro y 43µg/dL en el suero indicó estado bioquímico adecuado. Sin embargo, al evaluar el individuo, se constató alta prevalencia de DVA subclínica en el suero (15%) y calostro (50%). No se verificó influencia de las características maternas, obstétricas y del neonato sobre los niveles de retinol en el suero y en el calostro de las mujeres (p>0,05). CONCLUSIONES: El riesgo de DVA puede ocurrir en gestantes/puérperas independientemente de las características maternas y obstétricas consideradas. Este hecho refuerza la necesidad de la atención especial al seguimiento prenatal de todas las mujeres a fin de prevenir la instalación de la DVA y garantizar la reducción de los índices de morbimortalidad infantil y materna.

3914 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

12.

Gabaergic mechanisms of anterior and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in the expression of freezing in response to a light-conditioned stimulus
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Santos, Julia Maria dos

; Brandão, Marcus Lira

Psychology & Neuroscience

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2011, Volume 4 N. 2 Pages 211 - 217

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The amygdala, dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), and medial hypothalamus have long been recognized to comprise a neural system responsible for the generation and elaboration of unconditioned fear in the brain. This neural substrate is well known to be under tonic inhibitory control exerted by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mechanisms. Some evidence also suggests that these structures integrate conditioned fear. A recent study using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm showed that GABAergic mechanisms in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN) and dorsomedial part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHDM) regulate conditioned fear. The present study examined the extent to which GABAergic mechanisms in these brain regions are involved in conditioned fear by measuring freezing in response to a light used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). The GABA A receptor agonist muscimol and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor semicarbazide were used as an enhancer and inhibitor of GABA mechanisms, respectively. Muscimol and semicarbazide were injected into the AHN or VMHDM of rats before fear conditioning. Muscimol injections into the AHN and VMHDM significantly reduced conditioned freezing, whereas inhibition of GABA transmission increased this conditioned response in the AHN. The present study further supports the hypothesis that GABAergic mechanisms in the AHN and VMHDM exert inhibitory control on the neural substrates of conditioned fear in the hypothalamus.

https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2011.2.006 1508 downloads

13.

O cuidado como uma Lei da Natureza: uma percepção integral do cuidar
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Lira, Pablo Santos

; Silva, Maria Júlia Paes da

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

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jun 2008, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 363 - 370

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

This paper is a reflection on the perception of care nursing professionals have and the meaning given to the term, which is a tool for directing the quality of the assistance. It questions the level of depth that this word may have, identifying its presence in all processes of the Universe and throughout mankind's mythological history. It proposes that caring is the law that makes possible the manifestation of the organization potential in a given direction of dynamic stability, seen in matter, which unfolds into the promotion and establishment of health and well-being. It concludes by stating that the Law of Care may be understood as a set of forces that make possible the extension or abbreviation of a given degree of organization that may be expressed in different levels

En este trabajo se hace una reflexión entre la percepción del cuidar por el profesional de enfermería y la relación del significado dado al término Cuidar, que es un instrumento norteador de la calidad de la asistencia. Cuestiona el nivel de profundidad del significado que esa palabra puede asumir, identificando su presencia en todos los procesos del Universo y en la historia mitológica del ser humano. Propone que el cuidar es la Ley que permite la manifestación de los potenciales de organización en una determinada dirección de estabilidad dinámica, manifestados en la materia, hasta la promoción y el establecimiento de la salud y del bienestar. Se concluye con la afirmación de que la Ley del Cuidar puede ser entendida como un conjunto de fuerzas que permiten la prolongación o brevedad de cierto grado de organización, que puede ser expresado en diversos niveles.

Este trabalho faz uma reflexão entre a percepção do cuidar pelo profissional de enfermagem e a relação do significado dado ao termo Cuidar, que é um instrumento norteador da qualidade da assistência. Questiona o nível de profundidade do significado que essa palavra pode assumir, identificando sua presença em todos os processos do Universo e na história mitológica do ser humano. Propõe que o cuidar é a Lei que permite a manifestação dos potenciais de organização numa certa direção de estabilidade dinâmica, manifestos na matéria, até a promoção e estabelecimento da saúde e do bem-estar. Concluiu-se, afirmando que a Lei do Cuidar pode ser entendida como um conjunto de forças que permitem o prolongamento ou abreviamento de certo grau de organização, que pode ser expresso em diversos níveis.

3 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

14.

O cuidado como uma Lei da Natureza: uma percepção integral do cuidar
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Lira, Pablo Santos

; Silva, Maria Júlia Paes da

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

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jun 2008, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 363 - 370

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

3205 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

15.

Organização neural de diferentes tipos de medo e suas implicações na ansiedade
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Brandão, Marcus Lira

; Vianna, Daniel Machado

; Masson, Sueli

; Santos, Júlia

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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dec 2003, Volume 25 Suppl. 2 Pages 36 - 41

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A natureza das respostas de medo em animais expostos a situações ameaçadoras depende da intensidade e da distância do estímulo aversivo. Esses estímulos podem ser potencialmente perigosos, distais ou proximais ao animal. Esforços têm sido feitos no sentido de identificar os circuitos neurais recrutados na organização das reações defensivas a estas condições aversivas. Neste artigo, sumarizamos evidências que associam os sistemas cerebrais de defesa ao conceito de medo-stress-ansiedade. Respostas de orientação ao estímulo de perigo, à esquiva e à preparação para o enfrentamento do perigo parecem estar associados à ansiedade. O giro do cíngulo e o córtex pré-frontal de um lado; o núcleo mediano da rafe, septo e o hipocampo de outro fazem parte dos circuitos cerebrais que integram essas respostas emocionais. No outro extremo, estímulos de medo que induzem formas ativas de defesa, mas pouco elaboradas, determinam estados emocionais de natureza diferente e parecem associadas a manifestações elementares de medo. A substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal constitui o principal substrato neural para a integração desses estados aversivos no cérebro. Comportamentos defensivos desse tipo são produzidos pela estimulação elétrica e química desta estrutura. À medida que os estímulos ameaçadores, potenciais e distais dão lugar a estímulos de perigo muito intensos ou são substituídos por estímulos proximais de medo, ocorre uma comutação (switch) dos circuitos neurais usualmente responsáveis pela produção de respostas condicionadas de medo para reações defensivas com baixo nível de regulação e organização que se assemelham aos ataques de pânico. Portanto, dependendo da natureza do evento estressor ou do estímulo incondicionado, o padrão de respostas defensivas orientadas e organizadas cede lugar a respostas motoras incoordenadas e incompletas. A amígdala e o hipotálamo medial podem funcionar como uma espécie de interface comutando os estímulos para os substratos neurais apropriados para elaboração das respostas defensivas condicionadas ou incondicionadas.

The dangerous stimuli may be potentially dangerous, distal or proximal and the recognition by the animals of each one of these conditions is determinant for the nature of the fear responses. In the present article a parallel with this particular process is drawn taking into account that different fear responses are generated by light, tones and contexts used as conditioned stimuli and by unconditioned stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG). In this review we summarize the efforts that have been made to characterize the neural circuits recruited in the organization of defensive reactions to the conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimulations, particularly evidence linking the brain's defense response systems to the concept of fear-stress-anxiety. The dPAG constitute the main neural substrates for the integration of aversive states in response to proximal aversive stimuli. In fact, panic-like behaviors often result when this structure is electrically or chemically stimulated. On the other hand, successful preparatory processes of danger-orientation and preparedness to flee seem to be linked to anxiety. The pre-frontal and cingulate cortex, median raphe nucleus, septum and hippocampus seem to be implicated in the elaboration and organization of these responses. As a working hypothesis, it is advanced that increasing the intensity and proximity of the danger may lead to an emotional shift. When the animals are submitted to this gradual increase in aversiveness there is a switch from the neural circuits responsible for the production of the orientated and organized motor patterns of appropriate defensive response to a conditioned stimulus towards the incomplete and uncoordinated defense responses related to panic attacks. The circuits in the amygdala and the medial hypothalamus responsible for the organization of the defense reaction may well subserve to this switch process.

22820 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

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