OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho das sequências T1, T2, STIR e DWIBS (difusão de corpo inteiro com supressão do sinal de fundo) na identificação de sítios caracterizados como acometidos pelo linfoma de Hodgkin nas cadeias linfonodais, órgãos parenquimatosos e medula óssea, e avaliar a concordância entre os examinadores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 12 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de linfoma de Hodgkin. Os pacientes foram encaminhados para o exame de ressonância magnética, sendo realizadas as sequências ponderadas em T1, T2, STIR e DWIBS. RESULTADOS: O número de sítios linfonodais caracterizados como acometidos nas sequências ponderadas em T1 e T2 apresentaram resultados semelhantes (8 sítios), mas inferiores às sequências STIR e DWIBS (11 e 12 sítios, respectivamente). Quanto ao acometimento da medula óssea, observaram-se os mesmos valores para as sequências T1, T2 e DWIBS (17 lesões), superiores ao valor encontrado na sequência STIR (13 lesões). Quando realizada a comparação entre os examinadores, nota-se que há alta concordância entre as quatro sequências. CONCLUSÃO: As sequências STIR e DWIBS detectaram maior número de linfonodos caracterizados como acometidos. Todas as sequências apresentaram resultados semelhantes na avaliação dos órgãos parenquimatosos e medula óssea. Em todas as sequências analisadas houve alta concordância entre os examinadores.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the T1, T2, STIR and DWIBS (diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression) sequences in the staging and follow-up of pediatric patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma in lymph node chains, parenchymal organs and bone marrow, and to evaluate interobserver agreement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors studied 12 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patients were referred for whole body magnetic resonance imaging with T1-weighted, T2-weighted, STIR and DWIBS sequences. RESULTS: The number of lymph node sites characterized as affected by the disease on T1- and T2-weighted sequences showed similar results (8 sites for both sequences), but lower than DWIBS and STIR sequences (11 and 12 sites, respectively). The bone marrow involvement by lymphoma showed the same values for the T1-, T2-weighted and DWIBS sequences (17 lesions), higher than the value found on STIR (13 lesions). A high rate of interobserver agreement was observed as the four sequences were analyzed. CONCLUSION: STIR and DWIBS sequences detected the highest number of lymph node sites characterized as affected by the disease. Similar results were demonstrated by all the sequences in the evaluation of parenchymal organs and bone marrow. A high interobserver agreement was observed as the four sequences were analyzed.

A dermatomiosite (DM) em adultos está freqüentemente associada com câncer. Já na faixa etária pediátrica, a dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ) é predominantemente idiopática, e sua associação com neoplasia é rara e com base apenas em relatos de casos. Embora rara, a presença de neoplasia em pacientes com DMJ deve ser sempre suspeitada quando houver manifestações clínicas atípicas e alterações laboratoriais incomuns. A seguir, descrevemos e discutimos um caso de DMJ e linfoma de Hodgkin em uma adolescente.

Dermatomyositis (DM) in adults is frequently associated with cancer. In contrast, during childhood juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is predominantly idiopathic and its association with neoplasia is rare and based only in case reports. Although rare, the presence of neoplasia in JDM patients must always be suspected in face of atypical clinical manifestations and uncommon laboratorial findings. We describe and discuss a case of JDM and Hodgkin disease in an adolescent.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A êmese induzida por quimioterapia é fator limitante no tratamento de crianças com câncer. O uso de quimioterapia com drogas emetogênicas tem aumentado a freqüência desse efeito colateral. O objetivo é comparar a eficácia e a toxicidade do granisetron às da combinação de altas doses de metoclopramida e dimenidrato em crianças com osteossarcoma utilizando a mesma quimioterapia. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Aberto, prospectivo, randomizado, realizado no Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Entre fevereiro e agosto de 1994, 26 crianças com idade de 7 a 18 anos (média de 14 anos), recebendo quimioterapia para osteossarcoma, entraram no estudo. A quimioterapia consistiu de ciclos repetidos de: A) ifosfamida 2.500 mg/m² + epirrubicina 75 mg/m²; B) ifosfamida 2.500 mg/m² + carboplatina 600 mg/m²; C) carboplatina 600 mg/m² + epirrubicina 75 mg/m². 80 tratamentos quimioterápicos foram avaliados para o controle de náuse e vômito. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber dose única de granisetron (50 µ/kg) ou metoclopramida (2 mg/kg) mais dimenidrato (5 mg/kg) infundidos por oito horas. Êmese e náusea foram monitoradas por 24 horas por meio de escore de MANE (Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis). Foram utilizados testes de Qui-quadrado, t e Mann Whitney, além da técnica de análise exploratória de dados. RESULTADOS: O granisetron induziu resposta completa em 62,5% dos pacientes submetidos aos tratamentos quimioterápicos comparado a apenas 10% obtidos com a combinação de metoclopramida associado ao dimenidrato (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que o granisetron é droga segura e eficiente em crianças com osteossarcoma superior à associação de metoclopramida e dimenidrato no controle de náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia para osteossarcoma em crianças.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy-induced emesis is a limiting factor in treating children with malignancies. Intensive chemotherapy regimens along with emetogenic drug administration have increased the frequency and severity of emesis and nausea. Our study was designed to consider the importance of this problem and the need for improvement in emesis treatment for patients receiving chemotherapy. Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of the antiemetic drug granisetron and a regimen of metoclopramide plus dimenhydrinate. DESIGN AND SETTING: Open, prospective and randomized study at Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: From February to August 1994, 26 patients (mean age: 14 years) with osteosarcoma received 80 chemotherapy cycles of iphosphamide (2,500 mg/m²) plus epirubicin (75 mg/m²) or carboplatin (600 mg/m²), or epirubicin (75 mg/m²) plus carboplatin (600 mg/m²). Eighty chemotherapy treatments were analyzed regarding nausea and vomiting control. Patients were randomized to receive either a single dose of granisetron (50 µg/kg) or metoclopramide (2 mg/kg) plus dimenhydrinate (5 mg/kg infused over eight hours). Emesis and nausea were monitored for 24 hours by means of the modified Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis. Statistical analysis utilized the chi-squared, Student t and Mann-Whitney tests, plus data exploration techniques. RESULTS: 62.5% of the patients undergoing chemotherapy responded completely to granisetron, whereas 10% responded to metoclopramide plus dimenhydrinate (p < 0.0001). No severe adverse reactions were found in either of the treatments given. CONCLUSION: In children and adolescents with osteosarcoma, granisetron was safe and more efficient than metoclopramide plus dimenhydrinate for controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis and nausea.

BACKGROUND: The empirical use of antibiotic treatments is widely accepted as a means to treat cancer patients in chemotherapy who have fever and neutropenia. Intravenous monotherapy, with broad spectrum antibiotics, of patients with a high risk of complications is a possible alternative. METHODS: We conducted a prospective open-label, randomized study of patients with lymphoma or leukemia who had fever and neutropenia during chemotherapy. Patients received either monotherapy with ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (T) or ceftriaxone plus amikacin (C+A). RESULTS: Seventy patients who presented 136 episodes were evaluated, 68 in each arm of the study. The mean neutrophil counts at admission were 217cells/mm³ (T) and 201cells/mm³ (C+A). The mean duration of neutropenia was 8.7 days (T) and 7.6 days (C+A). Treatment was successful without the need for modifications in 71% of the episodes in the T group and 81% in the C+A group (p=0.23). Treatment was considered to have failed because of death in two episodes (3%) in the T group and three episodes (4%) in the C+A group, and because of a change in the drug applied in one episode in the T group and two episodes in the C+A group. Overall success was 96% (T) and 93% (C+A). Adverse events that occurred in group T were not related to the drugs used in this study. CONCLUSION: In pediatric and adolescent patients with leukemia or lymphoma, who presented with fever and neutropenia, during chemotherapy, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid was as successful as the combination of ceftriaxone plus amikacin. It should be considered an appropriate option for this group of patients at high risk for infections.