Abstract The pulp oil of Caryocar brasiliense Camb., better known as pequi, is used in the typical cuisine of the Brazilian Cerrado region. It is also used in folk medicine to combat several types of disease of the respiratory system and skin. However, since its exploration is purely extractive, the exhaustion of this plant is already foreseen. Thus, in order to establish the sustainable use of pequi and contribute to its maintenance, this study aimed to develop a phytocosmetic with antioxidant and photoprotective properties using the oil of this fruit. Initially, the cytotoxicity of the oil was evaluated in order to establish the safety of its use and its fatty acid composition. Then, from the cream enriched with the oil, it was evaluated the antioxidant and photoprotector potentials, quantified the total phenolic content and examined the quality of the formulation. Pequi oil showed high percentages of palmitic (52.11%) and oleic (44.57%) fatty acids and absence of cytotoxicity. The analysis of the cream revealed 168.8 mg of total phenols in gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of oil. The evaluation of antioxidant activity showed an EC50 of 2.921 mg/mL and a capacity of inhibiting the lipoperoxidation process higher than 100%. The obtained sun protection factor was 11.40 at the concentration of 6.25 mg/mL. The quality tests revealed small disturbances in the cream stability that can be solved by further research and improvement of the formulation. The pequi oil can be converted into a phytocosmetic of great commercial value.

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition -physico-chemical properties, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions and total phenolic compounds -and evaluate the radical-scavenging activity of crude oil extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) seeds, aiming to use the agro-industrial by-products. The oil seed extraction was performed by Soxhlet method and the oil yield from the seeds was 30.39%. The oil showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (87.59%), including mainly linoleic (73.14%) and oleic (13.83%) acids, tocopherol (499.30 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (1,314.13 mg GAE/kg). The physico-chemical characteristics were similar to those of other edible oils and the oil showed significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, the potential utilization of the passion fruit seed oil as a raw material for food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries could be favorable.

As características físico-químicas e as composições de ácidos graxos, tocoferóis e carotenoides do óleo bruto extraído de sementes de mamão (Carica papaya L.), variedade formosa, foram investigadas. O rendimento em óleo das sementes foi de 29,16%. Os dados obtidos para os índices analíticos comparam-se bem com os de outros óleos comestíveis. O óleo apresentou elevada resistência à oxidação (77,97 horas). Os principais ácidos graxos quantificados foram o oleico (71,30%), seguido pelo palmítico (16,16%), linoleico (6,06%) e esteárico (4,73%). O α e Δ-tocoferol foram os tocoferóis predominantes com 51,85 e18,9 mg.kg-1, respectivamente. A β-criptoxantina (4,29 mg.kg-1) e o β-caroteno (2,76 mg.kg-1) foram os carotenóides quantificados e o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais foi de 957,60 mg.kg-1. Assim, a potencial utilização das sementes de mamão para a produção de óleo parece ser favorável. Entretanto, estudos toxicológicos são ainda necessários antes de o óleo ser indicado para utilização em alimentos.

The physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid, tocopherol, and carotenoid composition of a crude oil extracted from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds, formosa variety, were investigated. The oil yield from the seeds was 29.16%. The data obtained for the analytical indexes were in agreement with those of other edible oils. The oil obtained had high oxidation resistance (77.97 hours). The major fatty acids in total lipid were oleic (71.30%), palmitic (16.16%), linoleic (6.06%), and stearic (4.73%) acid. The α and δ-tocopherol were the predominant tocopherols with 51.85 and 18.89 mg.kg-1, respectivelly. The β-cryptoxanthin (4.29 mg.kg-1) and β-carotene (2.76 mg.kg-1) were the carotenoids quantified, and the content of total phenolic compounds was 957.60 mg.kg-1. Therefore, the potential utilization of the papaya seeds for oil production seems favorable. However, toxicological studies need to be carried out before the oil is appropriate for food applications.

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a influência dos fatores relação superfície/volume (S/V) e tempo de fritura sobre a alteração da mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja em frituras descontínuas de batatas chips.Foram realizados dois procedimentos de fritura com relações S/V de 0,5 e 1,0 cm-1 e temperatura média de 180°C. O óleo foi aquecido por um período de 7,25 horas. As amostras obtidas durante o processo de fritura foram analisadas pelas determinações de índice de peróxidos, compostos polares totais, ácidos graxos livres e índice de refração. Todas as determinações analíticas foram influenciadas pelo tempo de fritura, verificando-se aumentos significativos destes parâmetros ao longo do processo de fritura. O fator relação S/V apresentou influência sobre os valores dos índices de peróxidos e de refração. A mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja apresentou alteração acima do limite recomendado para óleos de fritura (compostos polares totais > 25%) a partir de 6,25 horas de fritura.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influence of surface/volume ratio (S/V) and frying time on the alteration to the "dendê" and soybean oil mixture during discontinuous frying of potatoes chips. Two frying procedures with surface/volume ratios (S/V) of 0.5 and 1.0 cm-1 at temperature of 180°C were done. The oil was heated up for 7.25 hours. Oil samples obtained during the frying process were assessed for peroxide value, total polar compounds, free fatty acids and refractive index. All analytical determinations were influenced by frying time, verifying significative increases in the values during frying process. The factor S/V ratio showed influence on the peroxide values and refractive index. "Dendê" and soybean oil mixture showed alteration above the recommended limits for frying oils (total polar compounds > 25%) after 6.25 hours of frying.

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of frying time on the alterations of sunflower, corn and soybean oils during deep fat frying of potato chips. The analytical methods used to evaluate the oil alterations are: free fatty acids, peroxide value, refractive index and total polar compounds. An increase of free fatty acids, refractive index and total polar compounds with frying time were observed. The different behaviors observed for the three vegetables oils can be explained by the differences in the initial composition and quality of them.