Abstract Soybean is the main oilseed crop in the world, and one of the main challenges for its production is the Anticarsia gemmatalis management, especially in agroecological production systems. In this study, it was analyzed the impact of dynamized solutions applied to soybean plants and pro-vided as food to A. gemmatalis on insect biology. Solutions tested include: Calcarea carbonica 4CH, Carbo vegetabilis 12CH, Staphysagria 4CH, A. gemmatalis nosode 12CH, Soybean nosode 4CH, and control of distilled water. Biological characteristics analyzed include: weight of caterpillars at the beginning and end of the 4th instar, dry weight of pupa, caterpillar length at 4th instar, duration of cycle, emergence of adults, fecundity of females, and ingestion, ingested food conversion efficiency, and efficiency of digested food conversion. At the beginning and at the end of the 4th instar, caterpillars fed soybean leaves treated with homeopathic substances showed reduced body weight relative to the distilled water control. The dynamized solutions tested are promising as an efficient alternative method for the control of A. gemmatalis, promoting lower conversion of food into biological efficiency and biomass.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether the use of green manures in association with rock phosphate rates can guarantee corn yields to family farmers. An experiment was conducted with six types of green manures: Mucuna cinereum, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum glaucum and a weedy fallow control treatment; and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a complete randomized block design. The management with Crotalaria juncea achieved the highest dry mass yield (39.3 Mg ha-1) and in year 2 (2016), with the water deficit during the corn cultivation, led to an increase of the root/shoot mass ratio, as well as presented the lowest water deficit sensitivity index (Ky), indicating that it can be an alternative for managing climate change. The highest corn yield (7510 kg ha-1) was obtained in the management with the Crotalaria ochroleuca, which defines it as a technically and economically viable alternative for family farming, with corn yield exceeding the average yield of the State of Mato Grosso and production cost lower than the average production cost of corn in the State of Mato Grosso.

A couve, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, destaca-se entre as plantas hortícolas como sendo frequentemente atacada por pragas, dentre as quais o curuquerê da couve, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, 1819) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). O controle desse inseto tem sido feito com inseticidas. Na agricultura orgânica, o uso dos referidos produtos é proibido e já existem alguns casos em que agricultores estão substituindo-o, por outras alternativas menos danosas ao meio ambiente, como as soluções homeopáticas, substâncias apontadas como ferramentas para Agroecologia. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se soluções homeopáticas proporcionam mecanismos de antibiose, como deterrência alimentar, em Ascia monuste orseis, em couve 'manteiga cv. Santo Antônio' e se podem ser utilizadas no controle de pragas. As soluções testadas foram: - Sulphur 12CH; Phosphorus 5CH; Magnesia carbonica 30CH; Ruta 5CH. A testemunha foi água destilada + álcool de cereais 70% 5CH. Para o preparo de cada solução, foram retirados 0,2 ml de cada preparado homeopático, adicionados a 200 ml de água destilada pulverizados nas folhas e nos solo dos vasos. As características analisadas foram peso de lagartas no início e no final do 4° instar; peso seco de pupa (biomassa incorporada), comprimento de lagarta no 4° instar, duração do ciclo ovo-adulto, percentagem de emergência de adultos, comprimento alar, fecundidade das fêmeas e valor nutritivo das couves tratadas. Sulphur 12CH pode ser recomendado como método alternativo eficiente no controle de A. monuste orseis. Todas as soluções homeopáticas, com exceção do Phosphorus 5CH, promoveram deterrência alimentar, mecanismo de antibiose, interferindo no ciclo biológico de A. monuste orseis.

The kale, Brassica oleracea var. acephala , stands out among vegetables for being frequently by pests, in particular the leafworm kale, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, 1819) (Lepidoptera : Pieridae ). The control of this insect has been carried out using insecticides. In organic agriculture, the use of these products is prohibited and there are already some examples where farmers are replacing their use for other alternative forms, less harmful to the environment, such as homeopathic solutions, which are substances identified as a tool to Agroecology. The objective of this study was to determine whether homeopathic solutions provide antibiosis mechanism, such as food deterrence in Ascia monuste orseis in 'manteiga cv. Santo Antonio' kale and whether they could be used to control pests. The solutions tested were as follows: Sulphur 12CH; Phosphorus 5CH ; Magnesia carbonica 30 CH; Ruta 5CH. The control was distilled water + grain alcohol 70% 5CH. For the preparation of each solution, 0.2 ml was taken from each homeopathic preparation, added to 200 ml of distilled water, sprayed onto the leaves and soil in the pots. The traits analyzed were as follows: weight of caterpillars at the beginning and end of the 4th instar; dry weight of pupa (incorporated biomass); length of the caterpillar at the 4th instar; length of egg to adult cycle, percentage of adult emergence; wing length; fecundity of the females and nutritive value of the treated kales. Sulphur 12CH can be recommended as an effective alternative method to control A. monuste orseis. All homeopathic solutions, except Phosphorus 5CH , promoted feeding deterrence, antibiosis mechanism, interfering with the biological cycle of A. monuste orseis.

Há tempos busca-se um índice para qualificar a estrutura do solo e, nesse sentido, o estudo de imagens digitais de agregados do solo pode ser um caminho promissor. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar, micromorfometricamente, os agregados de um Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico típico sob a influência de diferentes sistemas de manejo na cultura do arroz. Os sistemas de cultivo foram: convencional com semeadura na água, semeadura realizada em sequeiro e rotacionado com milho e arroz em um ciclo trienal. Os agregados foram coletados nas profundidades de 0-0,20 m, sendo utilizados aqueles retidos no intervalo de diâmetro de 9,52-4,76 mm e 4,76-2,00 mm, com um jogo de peneiras padrão. As análises dos agregados foram realizadas por meio de imagens digitais obtidas via scanner (300 dpi) sobre um total de 100 agregados dispostos em um tabuleiro de furos desencontrados. As imagens foram, posteriormente, analisadas com o programa Quantporo e as características dos agregados avaliadas foram: área, perímetro, rugosidade e aspecto. Os dados obtidos das análises micromorfométricas dos agregados do solo foram submetidos a análise de distribuição de frequências, teste de Qui-quadrado e testes de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman. Com base nas principais características micromorfométricas dos agregados menores (2,00-4,76 mm), concluiu-se que, no tratamento convencional, os agregados foram preponderantemente menores, mais arredondados e mais lisos.

For a long time, people have tried fo find an index to qualify the soil structure and, for this purpose, the study of soil aggregates digital images can be a promising procedure. The aim of this study was to characterize micromorphometrically aggregates of a typical Dystrudept soil under the influence of different rice crops management systems. The cultivation systems used were: conventional system with sowing in flooded area, sowing in upland area, and crop rotation with maize and rice, in a triennial cycle. Aggregates were collected at 0-0.20 m depths, being used those retained at diameters of 9.52-4.76 mm and 4.76-2.00 mm, with a standard set of sieves. The aggregates analyses were carried out with the aid of digital images from a scanner (300 dpi) over a total of 100 aggregates disposed over a tray with uneven holes. The images were subsequently analyzed by using the Quantporo program and the aggregates features evaluated were: area, perimeter, roughness, and aspect. Data obtained from soil aggregates micromorphometric analyses were submitted to the frequencies distribution analyses, Chi-square test, and Spearman's nonparametric correlation test. According to the main micromorphometric features of smaller size aggregates (2.00-4.76 mm), it was possible to conclude that, under the conventional system, aggregates were predominantly smaller, roundish, and smoother.