OBJETIVO: Avaliar as repercussões da cicatriz uterina na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas, entre 26 e 32 semanas, em gestantes primíparas com uma cesariana prévia, considerando quando esta foi realizada fora (cesárea eletiva) ou durante o trabalho de parto. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo transversal em 45 gestantes, divididas em três grupos: 17 gestantes com cicatriz prévia resultante de cesariana eletiva (grupo A); 14 gestantes com uma cicatriz prévia oriunda de cesariana executada em trabalho de parto (grupo B); 14 gestantes cujo único parto anterior foi realizado por via vaginal (grupo C). A dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas foi realizada pela via abdominal. Foram calculados as médias, medianas e desvios-padrão (DP) para cada grupo em estudo. Em relação ao índice de pulsatilidade, a comparação dos grupos foi conduzida pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do índice de pulsatilidade no grupo A variaram de 0,60 a 1,60 (média: 0,90; DP: 0,29), no grupo B, de 0,53 a 1,43 (média: 0,87; DP: 0,24), e no grupo C, de 0,65 a 1,65 (média: 1,01; DP: 0,37); p = 0,6329. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve repercussões da cicatriz de cesariana prévia na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas avaliadas de 26 a 32 semanas de gestação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible repercussions of the previous cesarean scar at uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry between the 26th and 32nd gestational weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study including 45 women between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, divided into three groups: 17 pregnant women with uterine scar resulting from a previous elective cesarean section (group A); 14 with uterine scar resulting from a previous cesarean section performed during labor (group B); and 14 pregnant women with a single previous vaginal delivery (group C). Uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry was performed with transabdominal approach. Means, medians and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each group in the study. The groups comparison regarding pulsatility index was performed with the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In group A, the pulsatility index ranged from 0.60 to 1.60 (mean: 0.90; SD: 0.29), in group B, from 0.53 to 1.43 (mean: 0.87; SD: 0.24), and in group C, from 0.65 to 1.65 (mean: 1.01; SD: 0.37); with p = 0.6329. CONCLUSION: No repercussion of previous cesarean scar was observed at uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry performed in the period between the 26th and 32nd gestational weeks.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cicatriz uterina pelo histograma escala-cinza (HEC) em gestantes primíparas com uma cesariana prévia, considerando quando esta foi realizada fora do trabalho de parto (cesárea eletiva) ou durante o trabalho de parto. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo em 40 gestantes, entre 11 e 14 semanas, que foram divididas em três grupos: 15 gestantes com uma cicatriz prévia resultante de cesariana eletiva (grupo A); 9 gestantes com uma cicatriz prévia oriunda de cesariana executada em trabalho de parto (grupo B); 16 gestantes cujo único parto anterior foi realizado por via vaginal (grupo C). As gestantes foram examinadas com ultrassonografia transvaginal, obtendo-se a imagem correspondente à sombra formada pela cicatriz uterina nos grupos A e B. No grupo C, optou-se por realizar o HEC na região do istmo uterino. Após a captura da imagem, foi delimitada a região de interesse (ROI) e ativada a opção histogram, obtendo-se automaticamente a sua representação gráfica. Foram calculadas as médias, medianas e desvios padrão (DP) para cada grupo em estudo. A média dos valores dos histogramas do grupo controle serviu como parâmetro de normalidade a ser comparado com os outros grupos. Para se comparar as médias dos três grupos, utilizou-se o teste de ANOVA. O valor de (p) < 0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. RESULTADOS: O HEC do grupo A variou de 7 a 40,5 (média: 24,9 e DP: 11,2), no grupo B de 23,1 a 47,2 (média: 34,1 e DP: 9,6) e no grupo C de 21,6 a 58,8 (média: 40,3 e DP: 11,3). CONCLUSÃO: Houve significativa diferença do HEC na região da cicatriz uterina de cesárea prévia, quando esta foi realizada eletivamente e quando foi feita na vigência do trabalho de parto, sugerindo maior alteração tecidual na cesariana eletiva.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Cesarean uterine scar by the grey-level histogram (GLH) in women with a previous Cesarean section, performed either during labor or before labor (elective Cesarean). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 40 women between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, who were allocated to three groups: 15 pregnant women with a previous elective Cesarean (group A); 9 with a previous Cesarean section performed during labor (group B); and 16 with a single previous vaginal delivery (group C). The pregnant women were examined by transvaginal ultrasound, to obtain an image corresponding to the "shadow" formed by the uterine scar in groups A and B. In group C GLH was accomplished in the region of the uterine isthmus. After capture of the image, the region-of-interest (ROI) was delimited and the option "histogram" was activated, to automatically obtain graphic representation. The mean, median and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. for each group under study Mean values of the control group histograms were used as the normality parameter for comparison with the other groups. To compare averages of the three groups, the ANOVA test was used. A (p) value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: GLH in group A varied from 7.0 to 40.5 (mean: 24.9 and DP: 11.2), in group B from 23,1 to 47.2 (mean: 34,. and DP: 9.6) and in group C from 21.6 to 58.8 (mean: 40.3 and DP: 11.3). CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference of GLH in the region of the uterine scar of previous Cesareans, when it was elective and when performed during labor, suggesting a larger tissue change in the elective Cesarean.

Birds of 11 species were observed feeding on fruits of Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.)DL between February and March 1985 in Itirapina cerrado, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The feeding strategies of birds with regards to fruit use, and the role of the fruits as food resources for the birds in cerrado are analyzed.

This study on the biology and reproductive behavior of Sporophila lineola (Linnaeus, 1758) was carried in a Citrus reticulata Blanco plantation near Campinas, Brazil. A blind was used for observations near the four nests. These were built on the branches of C. reticulata, and were made of grass roots. The clutch varies from two to three eggs. Both male and female or only female, feed the nestings with insects such as dragonfly and caterpillar, carried across their bill.

Use of nest-boxes for management of cavity nesting birds in anthropic areas can give good results. In November 1987, data collection begun in UNICAMP, Campinas (São Paulo), with the objective of favouring establishment and increase in urban bird communities. The House Wren (Troglodytes aedon Viellot. 1807) and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) used the nest boxes for reproduction. Nests were collected and analysed (weight, used materials, incubation chamber materials, nest form). House Sparrow used thin materials, like straw, paper and plastic, while house wren used heavy materials, like sticks, wire and tabs of soff drink cans. The nest-boxes offered favorable conditions to bird reproduction and protection in disturbed areas, and showed signs of leading to increase in diversity of species, that might use this nest-boxes for reproduction in the future.

São relatadas observações relativas à divisão de trabalho em cuidados à prole em Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis (Gmelin) e S. f. pelzelni (Sclater), em condições de cativeiro.

Observations relating to the division of labour for young care in Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis (Gmelin) and S. f. pelzelni (Sclater), in captivity, are presented.

Relatam-se experiências feitas com exemplares de Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis, reintroduzidos, a partir de aves criadas em cativeiro e também recentemente capturadas, para repovoar a fazenda Jatibaia, em Campinas, Estado de São Paulo.

Experiments made with Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis are related. Specimens both bred in captivity and recently captured were realeased to recolonize the farm Jatibaia, at Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Sixpairs of Volatina jacarina have been studied under captivity condition. Territorial defense was displayed by male as well as by female, through agonistic displays joined to characteristic vocalization. Several vocalizations have been identified and described. Courtship behaviour have also been observed. Male and female contributed both to the building of the nest, which is of the cup type, but the male alone was responsible for the chosen place. The average number of eggs by clutch was 2.3 (n = 2.8). Incubation have been depending on the sole female and the average incubation period was 10.6 days (n = 10). Both male and female fed the young with small arthropods and seeds. Nestlings remained in the nest for nine days (n = 9). A gular sac was present in the adults while they fed their young. Independence of the young was adquired in about one month. An internuptial plumage appeared during the non-reproductive period.

This study is based on observations of behaviour of the bird species which visit and feed on 2 species of Cecropia catkins in three localities of the Atlantic forest, SP. A total of 31 species was observed visiting Cecropia; out of these, 17 were seen feeding on the catkins. Two species of the family Psittacidae were observed as seed predators. Seed germination tests of the seeds obtained from the birds' feces eating C. adenopus catkins proved that they function as dispersal agents.

During observations that took place at the Sítio Monte Mor, Municipality of Limeira, São Paulo, two cases of bigamy among Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis were studied. The females occupied the same territory and built the nests close to one another. No aggression was observed between them, when one would enter each others' nest. The male fed the nestling of both females, even when the brood occurred simultaneously.