The U-Mo alloys are investigated with the goal to become nuclear material to fabricate high-density fuel elements for high performance research reactors. The enrichment level (20% 235U) suggests that the U-Mo alloys should be between 6 to 10 wt. (%), which can reach up to 9 gU.cm-3 in fuel density. Nevertheless, the U-Mo alloys are very reactive with Al. Interdiffusion reaction products are formed since nuclear fission promotes chemical interaction layer during operation, leading to potential structural failure. Present studies were made with treated hot rolled diffusion couples of U-10Mo inserted in Al (AA1050). The U-10Mo/AA1050 pairs were treated in two temperatures (150 ºC and 550 ºC) with three soaking times (5, 40 and 80 hours). From microstructure analyses, rapid diffusion of Al happened inside U-10Mo in the first heating at 540 ºC during 15 minutes, reaching 8 at% Al in a range of 170 μm towards U-10Mo. Longer time at 550 ºC treatment maintain this level of Al-content up to 1000 μm inside U-10Mo. In this study, the results suggested the formation of a barrier made by residual elements, which promoted little interdiffusion phenomena between U-10Mo and alloy AA1050. Silicon co-diffusion with Al, along the interdiffusion line, is thought to be an important indication for this interdiffusion blockage.

O objetivo do trabalho foi proceder a uma revisão criteriosa de uma casuística de 90 pacientes submetidos às ressecções colorretais por via videolaparoscópica no decurso de 12 meses (maio de 2009 a maio de 2010). A média etária foi de 62,1 anos, com extremos de 20 e 93 anos, sendo a maioria dos pacientes do sexo feminino (52; 57,8%). O diagnóstico mais comum foi câncer colorretal, com 60 casos (66,7%), seguido pelos pólipos colorretais, com 12 casos (13,4%), doença diverticular, com sete casos (7,8%), e outros diagnósticos, com 11 casos (12,1%). O preparo intestinal mais realizado foi com o Picolax (53 casos; 58,9%); 76 pacientes foram submetidos à colonoscopia e biópsia (84,4%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram as retossigmoidectomias (54 casos; 60,0%), seguidas pelas hemicolectomias direitas (20 casos; 22,2%). O tempo de execução da maioria das cirurgias foi entre duas e três horas (34 casos; 37,8%) e entre três e quatro horas (24 casos, 26,7%), com média de 203 minutos. Em 81 casos, houve anastomoses (90,0%), a maioria mecânica intra-abdominal (55,6%) e manual extra-abdominal (25 casos; 27,8%), tendo sido o conjunto de grampeadores circulares e lineares articulados os recursos mais utilizados (50 casos; 55,6%). O eletrocautério foi usado em 68 pacientes (75,6%). A incisão abdominal mais usada foi a de Mallard (39 casos, 43,4%) e a mediana (22 casos; 24,4%), sendo as extensões mais comuns entre 6 e 10 cm (55 casos; 78,6%). Houve 12 intercorrências peroperatórias (13,2%), que levaram a conversões para laparotomia. A média de dimensões das peças cirúrgicas foi 33,2 cm, a maioria entre 21 e 30 cm (51 casos, 56,8%). Houve 13 complicações pós-operatórias (14,4%), 11 delas cirúrgicas (12,2%) e duas clínicas (2,2%), das quais decorreram três óbitos, sendo dois cirúrgicos e um clínico. O tempo médio de internamento foi de 5,3 dias, tendo sido 57 (63,3%) a até cinco dias. Foram para o CTI 28 pacientes (31,1%), sobretudo por conta de comorbidades (22 casos; 24,4%). A liberação de dieta oral foi de um dia para 49 pacientes (54,5%). Os autores comparam os resultados com a bibliografia correlata.

The objective was to undertake a careful review of a sample of 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resections through the course of 12 months (May 2009 to May 2010). The average age was 62.1 years, with extremes of 20 and 93 years, mostly female (52 patients; 57.8%). Bowel preparation was performed with Picolax in 53 patients (58.9%); 76 patients underwent colonoscopy and biopsy (84.4%). Colorectal cancer was the most common disease (60 cases; 66.7%), followed by polyps (12 cases; 13.4%), diverticular disease (7 cases; 7.8%) and other diseases (11 cases; 12,1%). The surgeries performed were retosigmoidectomy (54 cases; 60.0%), followed by right hemicolectomy (20 cases; 22.2%) and others. Most of the surgeries were carried out between 2 and 3 hours (34 cases; 37.8%) and between 3 and 4 hours (24 cases; 26.7%), with an average of 203 minutes. In 81 cases, there were anastomosis (90.0%), most mechanical intra-abdominal (55.6%) and manual extra-abdominal (25 cases, 27.8%), being the set of circular and linear articulated staplers the most commonly used features (50 cases, 55.6%). Electrocautery was used in 68 patients (75.6%). The most used abdominal incision was Mallard incision (39 cases; 43.4%) and median incision (22 cases; 24.4%), being the most common extensions between 6.0 and 10.0 cm (55 cases; 78.6%). There were 12 postoperative complications (13.2%), leading to conversions to laparotomy. The average size of surgical specimens was 33.2 cm, mostly between 21 and 30 cm (51 cases; 56.8%). There were 13 postoperative complications (14.4%), being 11 surgical (12.2%) and two clinics (2.2%) of which took place three deaths, being two from surgery and one from comorbidities. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.3 days, and 57 patients (63.3%) up to 5 days. 28 patients were admitted in the ICU (31.1%), mainly because of comorbidities (22 cases; 24.4%). The release of oral intake was a day for 49 patients (54.5%). The authors compare the results with related literature and confirm the similarities.

O objetivo do trabalho foi proceder a uma revisão criteriosa de uma casuística de 120 pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal operados por via videolaparoscópica (grupo-Video, 60 pacientes) e por via laparotômica (grupo-Lap, com 60 pacientes), no decurso de 12 meses (maio de 2009 a maio de 2010). A média etária foi de 58 anos, sendo 58,8 anos no grupo-Lap e 57,3 no grupo-Video, e a maioria era do sexo feminino em ambos os grupos (grupo-Lap - 55,0% e grupo-Video - 61,7%, com média de 58,3 anos). Todos os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidos à colonoscopia e biópsia, com diagnóstico histopatológico de adenocarcinoma. Na distribuição dos tumores pelo intestino grosso no grupo-Lap, 43 se localizavam no reto e sigmoide (71,7%) contra 45 no grupo-Video (75,0%), mas com diferenças entre reto baixo (grupo-Lap, 13,3%; grupo-Video, 16,7%) e alto (grupo-Lap, 30,0%; grupo-Video, 16,7%), sigmoide e retossigmoide (grupo-Lap, 28,4%; grupo-Video, 41,6%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram as retossigmoideCtomias abdominais altas (grupo-Lap, 27 casos, 45,0%; grupo-Video, 33 casos, 55,0%), seguidas pelas hemicolectomias direitas com anastomose íleo-transverso (grupo-Lap, 16 casos, 26,6%; e grupo-Video, 13 casos, 21,7%). As extensões das peças cirúrgicas foram maiores no grupo-Lap (média de 46,1 cm contra 30,0 cm no grupo-Video) em decorrência de maior número de cirurgias que resultaram peças de grandes dimensões. Quando se comparam as mesmas técnicas cirúrgicas, a diferença não persiste, como nos casos das retossigmoidectomias (grupo-Lap com 32 casos, média de 28,2 cm; grupo-Video com 39 casos, com média de 26,6 cm). No tocante à gradação TNM dos tumores, a gradação T3N0M0 foi a mais comum: grupo-Lap com 30 casos (50,0%) e grupo-Video com 35 casos (58,4%). No tocante à contagem de linfonodos nas peças cirúrgicas, nenhuma diferença foi notada: total de 810 linfonodos no grupo-Lap, com média de 13,5 linfonodos por peça, e total de 862 linfonodos no grupo-Video, com média de 14,3 linfonodos por peça. Não houve diferença também no tocante à contagem de linfonodos nas peças cirúrgicas, mais comuns entre 11 e 15: 34 casos no grupo-Lap (56,7%) e 38 no grupo-Video (63,3%). Assim, nenhuma diferença foi notada entre os dois grupos (grupo-Lap e grupo-Video) no tocante aos critérios oncológicos cirúrgicos.

The objective was to undertake a careful review of a consecutive series of 120 patients with colorectal cancer approached by laparoscopic surgery (Video-group, 60 patients) and by laparotomy (Lap-group, 60 patients), during 12 months (May 2009 to May 2010). The average age was 58 years and 58.8 years in group-Lap and 57.3 years in Video-group, the majority being females in both groups (Lap-group - 55.0% and Video-group - 61.7%, general mean 58.3 years). All patients in both groups underwent colonoscopy and biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. As far as distribution of tumors in the large intestine in Lap-group, 43 tumors were located in the rectum, rectosigmoid and sigmoid colon (71.7%) versus 45 in Video-group (75.0%), but with differences between low rectum (Lap-group 13,3%, Video-group 16.7%) and upper rectum (Lap-group 30.0%, Video-group 16.7%), sigmoid and rectosigmoid (Lap-group 28.4%, Video-group 41.6%). The most performed surgery was abdominal rectosigmoidectomy (Lap-group 27 cases, 45.0%; and Video-group 33 cases, 55,0%), followed by right hemicolectomy (Lap-group 16 cases, 26,6%; and Video-group 13 cases, 21.7%). The extensions of the surgical specimens were greater in Lap-group (mean 46.1 cm vs. 30.0 cm in Video-group), but due to higher number of surgeries that resulted in longer specimens. When comparing same surgical techniques, the difference does not persist as in cases of retosigmoidectomy (Lap-group with 32 cases, mean 28.2 cm; and Video-group with 39 cases, mean 26.6 cm). With regard to TNM staging T3N0M0, tumors was the most common in Lap-group with 30 cases (50.0%) and Video-group with 35 cases (58.4%). Regarding the lymph nodes count in surgical specimens, no difference was noted: total of 810 lymph nodes in specimens of Lap-group with a mean of 13.5 nodes per specimen, and total of 862 lymph nodes in Video-group with an average of 14.3 nodes per specimen. No difference was noted in relation to the count of lymph nodes in surgical specimens: the number of nodes was most commonly between 11 and 15 per specimen: 34 cases in Lap-group (56.7%) and 38 in Video-group (63.3%). Thus, no difference was noted between the two groups (Lap-group and Video-group) as far as oncologic and surgical criteria are concerned.

A análise retrospectiva de 74 prontuários de pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), operados de câncer colorretal pelo Residente R2 supervisionado e auxiliado por preceptores, permitiu as seguintes conclusões: a média etária dos pacientes foi 57,2, sendo as sexta e sétima décadas responsáveis por 51,4% dos pacientes. O câncer retal foi preponderante nas mulheres (54,1%). As localizações mais comuns dos tumores foram no sigmoide (31,1%), reto alto (24,3%) e ceco (17,6%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram a retossigmoidectomia com anastomose colorretal (36,6%), e hemicolectomia direita com anastomose íleo-transverso (21,7%). As características anatômicas dos tumores, baseadas na classificação TNM, mais comuns foram: T3 (62,1%), N0 (59,5%) e M0 (77,0%) (p<0,05). O número médio de gânglios encontrados nas peças cirúrgicas foi de 10,4. Foram feitas 63 anastomoses (85,1%), das quais 38 (60,3%) foram mecânicas e 25, manuais (39,7%). Houve 14 comorbidades (18,9%), destacando-se a caquexia (oito casos). O índice de complicações cirúrgicas foi de 12,2% (nove casos), sendo as cirurgias que mais causaram complicações as colectomias totais com anastomose íleo-retal (40,0%) e as retossigmoidectomias abdominais, com duplo grampeamento (20%), sendo as complicações mais comuns as fístulas anastomóticas (cinco casos). As complicações (nove) decorreram mais das comorbidades (sete) que do ato cirúrgico (duas). As cirurgias que demandaram menos tempo foram: as laparotomias com ileostomia (média de 75 minutos) e as com colostomia (média de 95 minutos), sendo os maiores tempos ocupados pela proctocolectomia total com ileostomia definitiva (240 minutos) e as hemicolectomias esquerdas com anastomose transverso-retal (240 minutos), sendo o tempo médio equivalente a 160 minutos. As menores peças cirúrgicas foram as decorrentes da cirurgia de Hartmann (29 cm) e de retossigmoidectomia abdominal (32 cm); e as mais extensas, as peças de colectomia total com anastomose íleo-retal (120 cm) e proctocolectomia total com ileostomia definitiva (150 cm), ficando a média em 34,5. Houve 12 óbitos (16,2%), dois dos quais diretamente relacionados à cirurgia (um caso de deiscência de anastomose e um de evisceração); três relacionados à complicações de ordem clínica (dois casos de TEP e um de broncopneumonia); e sete comorbidades

In the framework of postgraduate Coloproctology for 2009, two graduate students conducted the second year as principal surgeons, 129 major surgeries, always assisted effectively by one or two tutors. All surgeries were performed on public patients in Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, with absolute presence of members of the Grupo de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (GCP-CBHS-FCMMG). A retrospective analysis of 74 medical records of patients from the Brazilian National Health System, resected of colorectal cancer by Resident R2, supervised and assisted by mentors, could get into the following conclusions: the average age of patients was 57.2, and the sixth and seventh decades accounted for 51.4% of the patients. The rectal cancer was predominant in women (54.1%). The most common sites of tumors were in the sigmoid (31.1%), rectum (24.3%), and cecum (17.6%). The most commonly performed procedures were retossigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis (36.6%) and right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis (21.7%). The anatomical characteristics of the tumors based on TNM classification findings were: T3 (62.1%), N0 (59.5%), and M0 (77.0%) (p<0.05). The average number of lymph nodes found in surgical specimens was 10.4. Sixty-three anastomoses (85.1%) were carried out, being 38 (60.3%) mechanical and 25, manual (39.7%). There were 14 comorbidities (18.9%), the cachexia having more prominence (eight cases). The rate of surgical complications was 12.2% (nine cases), and the surgeries that have caused more complications were total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis (40.0%), and double stapled abdominal retossigmoidectomy (20%). The most common complications were anastomotic fistula (five cases). Complications (nine) were more caused by comorbidities (seven) than by the surgical procedure (two). The surgeries that required less time were: laparotomy with ileostomy (average of 75 minutes) and with colostomy (average of 95 minutes), and the longest times were occupied by total proctocolectomy with definite ileostomy (240 minutes) and left hemicolectomy with transverse-rectal anastomosis (240 minutes), with an average length of 160 minutes. The smaller specimens were those resulting from Hartmann's procedure (29 cm) and retossigmoidectomy (32 cm); and the most extensive specimens were of total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (120 cm) and total proctocolectomy with terminal ileostomy (150 cm), with the mean at 34.5. There were 12 deaths (16.2%), two of which directly related to surgery and the other related to clinical complications and comorbities

Dentro do Programa de pós-graduação em Coloproctologia, durante o ano 2009, os dois pós-graduandos de segundo ano realizaram, como cirurgiões principais, 129 cirurgias de grande porte, sempre assistidos, efetivamente, por um ou dois preceptores. Todas as cirurgias foram realizadas em pacientes do SUS, na Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, com absoluta presença dos membros do Grupo de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (GCP-SCBH-FCMMG). Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva dos 129 prontuários, permitindo várias observações importantes. A média etária dos pacientes foi 56,9 anos, com extremos de 25 e 87 anos, sendo as sexta e sétima décadas a mais representativa, respectivamente com 25,6% e 24,8%, totalizando 50,4% dos 55 pacientes (p<0,05). Dos 129 pacientes, 51,2% eram sexo feminino (51,2%) (p>0,05). A entidade nosológica mais comum foi o câncer colorretal (74 casos; 57,4%), seguindo as ileostomias (16 casos; 12,4%) e as complicações cirúrgicas (11 casos; 8,5%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram as retossigmoidectomia com anastomose colorretal (35 casos; 27,1%), as hemicolectomias direitas com anastomose ileo-transverso (20 casos; 15,5%) e o restabelecimento de trânsito intestinal de ileostomia (16 casos;12,4%). Das 129 cirurgias 53 (41,1%) não envolveram anastomoses e 76 (58,9%) envolveram ressecções intestinais e anastomoses. Houve oito co-morbidades (6,2%), sendo a caquexia (três casos) a mais comum. Houve 17 complicações (13,2%), 11 envolvendo as 76 ressecções com anastomose (14,5%) e seis as ressecções sem anastomoses (11,3%). As complicações mais comuns entre as 11 provenientes de ressecções e anastomoses foram as deiscências (sete; 9,2%). As anastomoses mecânicas (55) complicaram mais (16,3%) que as manuais (21) (9,5%). Houve 14 óbitos (10,8%), sendo seis (4,6%) devidos à sepse, quatro (3,1%) devido a TEP e quatro (3,1%) devido a falência múltipla de órgãos. Dos 14 óbitos, quatro (3,1%) foram decorrentes de complicações cirúrgicas e dez (7,7%) foram decorrentes de co-morbidades.

In the framework of postgraduate Coloproctology for the year 2009, the two graduate students conducted the second year as principal surgeons, 129 major surgeries, always assisted effectively by one or two tutors. All surgeries were performed on public patients in Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, with absolute presence of members of the Coloproctology Unit of Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais (GCP-CBHS-FCMMG). A retrospective analysis of 129 medical records was carried out, allowing several important observations. The average age of patients was 56.9 years, with extremes of 25 and 87 years, while the sixth and seventh decades the most representative, with respectively 25.6% and 24.8% to 50.4% of 55 patients (p <0.05). Most of the 129 patients were female (51.2%) (p> 0.05). The most common nosological entity was colorectal cancer (74 cases, 57.4%), following the ileostomies (16 cases, 12.4%) and surgical complications of previous surgeries (11 cases, 8.5%). The most commonly performed procedures were abdominal rectosigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis (35 cases, 27.1%), the right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis (20 cases, 15.5%) and the resumption of intestinal transit of ileostomy (16 cases, 12, 4%). Of 129 surgeries 53 (41.1%) did not involve anastomosis and 76 (58.9%) involved intestinal resection and anastomosis. There were eight co-morbidities (6.2%) and cachexia (three cases) the most common. There were 17 complications (13.2%), 11 involving the 76 resections with anastomosis (14.5%) and six resections without anastomosis (11.3%). The most common complications among the 11 patients from resection and anastomosis were dehiscence (seven, 9.2%). The mechanical anastomosis (55) developed more complications (16.3%) than handmade anastomosis (21) (9.5%). There were 14 deaths (10.8%), six (4.6%) due to sepsis, four (3.1%) due to pulmonary thromboembolic disease and four (3.1%) due to multiple organ failure. Of the 14 deaths, four (3.1%) were due to surgical complications and ten (7.7%) were due to co-morbidities.

Os autores analisaram, retrospectivamente, uma análise de 504 colonoscopias ambulatoriais, realizadas no período de junho de 2008 a maio de 2009, no Centro de Especialidades Médicas da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, pelo Grupo de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (CPG). Dentre as observações retiradas do estudo, merecem destaques especiais as análises de sexo, faixas etárias, especialidade dos médicos solicitantes, indicações de colonoscopias, preparo intestinal utilizado, altura atingida pela colonoscopia, achados colonoscópicos e complicações do exame. Quanto ao sexo, 67% (337) eram mulheres e 33% (167) homens, e quanto às faixas etárias, sobressaiu a sexta (130 pacientes; 26%) e a sétima (113 pacientes; 22%). O exame foi autogerado pelo próprio grupo em 79,56% (401 colonoscopias), sendo as indicações mais comuns o sangramento baixo (76 casos; 13,0%) e controle de pacientes submetidos à cirurgias para abordagem de câncer colorretal (70 casos; 12,0%). O preparo intestinal foi feito com manitol, lactulose e picossulfato de sódio, de acordo com o estado clínico do paciente, ensejando 71% (359 casos) de resultados excelentes. A colonoscopia atingiu o ceco em 445 pacientes (88,0%), tendo chegado ao íleo terminal em 293 casos (58,0%). Os achados colonoscópicos principais foram os pólipos (163 casos; 28,0%), seguidos pelo exame normal (149 casos; 26,0%) e doença diverticular dos cólons (141 casos; 24,0%). Dos 151 pólipos que tiveram suas dimensões assinaladas, 130 pólipos tinham o maior diâmetro menor que 10 mm (86,0%). Dos 207 exames histopatológicos realizados, seja em ressecções seja em biópsias, o pólipo foi o achado mais comum (163 casos; 78,8%), e dos 163 pólipos ressecados o achado mais comum foram os adenomas com displasia de baixo grau (116 casos; 71,2%). Não foram verificadas complicações. Os dados foram comparados com alguns relatos da literatura, estando dentro dos padrões habituais.

The authors retrospectively analyzed 504 outpatient undergoing colonoscopy, performed from June 2008 to May 2009, in the "Center for Medical Specialties" of Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, by the Group of Coloproctology of Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte and School of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais (CPG). The study deserve special highlights the analysis of gender, age, specialty of referring physicians, indications of colonoscopy, bowel preparation used, height achieved by colonoscopy and colonoscopic findings. Regarding gender, 67% (337) were women and 33% (167) men, and as to age, stood sixth (130 patients, 26%) and seventh (113 patients, 22%). The examination was self-generated by the GCP in 79.56% (401 colonoscopies) and the most common indications were low bleeding (76 cases, 13.0%) and control patients undergoing surgical approach to colorectal cancer (70 cases; 12.0%). Bowel preparation was done with mannitol, lactulose and sodium picosulphate, according to the clinical status, allowing for 71% (359 cases) of excellent results. Colonoscopy reached the cecum in 445 patients (88.0%), having reached the terminal ileum in 293 cases (58.0%). The main findings were polyps (163 cases, 28.0%), followed by normal findings (149 cases, 26.0%) and diverticular disease of the colon (141 cases, 24.0%). Of the 151 polyps that had marked its size, 130 polyps were the largest diameter less than 10 mm (86.0%). Of 207 histopathological examinations performed, either in biopsies or in polyp resection, the polyp was the most common finding (163 cases, 78.8%), and among the 163 polyps resected the most common finding was the adenoma with low grade dysplasia (116 cases ; 71.2%). There were no complications. The data were compared with some published reports, all within the usual standards.