ABSTRACT: The Serra Geral Formation belongs to the Paraná-Etendeka Magmatic Province (PEMP) and its geochemical and petrographic characteristics are not homogeneous. Many studies segment this group into six basaltic and two rhyolitic magma-types. It is believed that its extrusion occurred through crustal fissures in the Cretaceous, but some authors described the presence of conduits in the shape of basaltic ring structures (BRS) in the Água Vermelha region in the North of the province. The BRS rocks, based on textures and structures, were divided into four groups-central flow, basal flow, main ring dyke and lava flow-with a very similar petrography, composed of plagioclase (labradorite-bytownite), clinopyroxene (augite) and oxide (titanomagnetite) with intergranular texture. The whole-rock analyses of the basal and lava flows allow classifying them as tholeiitic basalts of the Paranapanema magma-type. Geochemical data interpretation suggests an enriched magma source, with low degree of partial melting, high depth of melt generation and without significant crustal contamination. The BRS experienced fractional crystallization on shallow magma chamber, influenced by successive new injections from different parental magmas which would be responsible for the pulses of effusion and explosion. Thus, the singularities of the BRS of Água Vermelha are important to comprehend the evolution of the PEMP.

As areias negras das praias de Iriri (ES) apresentam uma ampla variedade no seu conteúdo mineralógico. A partir de propriedades ópticas e morfológicas e das composições químicas de grãos individuais, foi verificado que os principais minerais são quartzo e ilmenita, constituindo, respectivamente, 45% e 35% do volume do material investigado. Na porção restante, foram identificados os minerais pesados magnetita, monazita, zircão, cianita, sillimanita, granadas almandina e grossulária, espinélio, actinolita, clorita, rutilo e augita, além de aragonita. Levando-se em conta a geologia regional, tanto da área continental, quanto da bacia sedimentar, que envolve a região de Iriri, a análise de proveniência sugere que: a) o quartzo seja oriundo dos paragnaisses regionais, dos granitóides pré a sin-colisionais e dos granulitos costeiros; b) a associação dos minerais ilmenita, magnetita, augita e chamosita seja proveniente de basaltos toleíticos amigdalóides mesozóicos da bacia; c) a grossulária, o espinélio e a actinolita provenham de ortoanfibolitos e rochas cálcio-silicáticas; d) a almandina tenha origem relacionada não só aos paragnaisses como também aos granitóides peraluminosos sin-colisionais regionais e granulitos costeiros, sendo que estes últimos também podem ter sido a rocha-fonte do rutilo; e) a cianita seja originária do terreno Cabo Frio; f) a sillimanita provenha dos sillimanita-granada-biotita gnaisses paraderivados situados próximo à costa do Espírito Santo; g) um primeiro subtipo de zircões juntamente com as monazitas sejam derivados das suítes pós-colisonais G4 e G5 e um segundo grupo de zircões representem cristais do embasamento paleoproterozóico distante da área de deposição; h) a aragonita possua uma origem biogênica, sendo derivada de fragmentos de conchas de moluscos ou corais marinhos.

Black sands from the Iriri beach (ES) present a wide variety in their mineral content. From the optical and morphological properties and the chemical compositions of individual grains, it was found that crystals of quartz (45% vol.) and ilmenite (35% vol.) represent the main mineral phases of the material. In the remaining portion, the heavy minerals of magnetite, monazite, zircon, kyanite, sillimanite, almandine and grossular garnets, spinel, actinolite, chlorite, rutile, augite and aragonite have been found. Taking into account the regional geology of the continental area and sedimentary basin surrounding Iriri, the provenance analysis suggests that: a) the quartz originates from the regional paragneisses, the pre to syn-collisional granitoids and the coastal granulites, b) the association of ilmenite, magnetite, augite, and chamosite arises from Mesozoic amygdaloid tholeiitic basalts of the basin, c) grossular, spinel, and actinolite come from orthoamphibolites and calc-silicate rocks, d) almandine arises not only from paragneisses but also as syn-collisional peraluminous granitoids and coastal granulites, and the latter rocks also have been the source of rutile; e) kyanite is from the Cabo Frio terrain; f) sillimanite comes from the sillimanite-garnet-biotite paragneisses located near the Espirito Santo coast, g) a zircon subtype, along with monazite, arises from post-collisional G4 and G5 suites and another group of zircon represents crystals of the Paleoproterozoic basement away from the area of deposition; h) aragonite has a biogenic origin, from fragments of mollusk shells or coral reefs.