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Resumo Em 2014 um evento de seca atípica no sudeste brasileiro diminuiu drasticamente o nível da água em diversos reservatórios. Nós investigamos os efeitos dessa seca, e seu subsequente período de cheia sobre atributos da ictiofauna em uma área aquícola e uma área controle. Os peixes foram coletados bimestralmente entre 2014 a 2015 (seca) e 2016 (cheia), usando redes de espera nas duas áreas amostrais no reservatório de Ilha Solteira, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Comparamos atributos da ictiofauna entre os períodos de seca e cheia em cada área e entre as áreas dentro de cada período. Na área aquícola, verificou-se similaridade das assembleias entre os períodos. Em contraste, a área controle apresentou variação entre os períodos, com maior riqueza, diversidade Shannon, equitabilidade e menor diversidade β no período de cheia. Comparações entre áreas em cada período, mostraram maior abundância na piscicultura no período de seca. As mudanças na estrutura e composição na área controle possivelmente está associada as novas áreas e recursos disponibilizados pela inundação de áreas marginais no período de cheia. Infere-se que o efeito da cheia na comunidade da área aquícola foi atenuado pela continua estrutura de habitat, como abrigos e ração fornecidos pelo empreendimento.

Abstract In 2014, an atypical drought in Southeast Brazil drastically reduced the water level in several reservoirs. We investigated the effects of this drought and the subsequent flood period on the attributes of ichthyofauna in an aquaculture and in a control area. Fish were collected bimonthly between 2014 and 2015 (drought) and 2016 (wet), using gill nets in the two sample areas in the Ilha Solteira reservoir, Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. We compared ichthyofauna attributes between the drought and wet seasons in each area and between areas within each season. In the aquaculture area, the assemblages showed similar characteristics between the seasons. By contrast, the control area varied between seasons, with greater species richness, Shannon diversity, species evenness, and less β diversity in the wet season. Comparisons between areas in each season showed higher abundance in the fish farm within the drought season. Changes in structure and composition in the control area are possibly associated with new areas and resources made available by the flooding of marginal areas during the wet season. We inferred that the effect of the flood on the aquaculture community was attenuated by the continuous habitat structure such as shelters and food provided by the enterprise.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0141

Evaluation of residues of β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone e pyrimidine in raw milk
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VALENÇA, Luciana Martins

; PAIVA, José do Egito de

; BARBOSA, Severino Benone Paes

; PINHEIRO, Irapuan Oliveira

; BATISTA, Ângela Maria Vieira

; SILVA, Marcelo José Ferreira Batista da

; MEDEIROS, Elizabeth Sampaio de

Food Science and Technology

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sep 2021, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 603 - 606

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Food quality and safety have been a concern of the world population, especially in relation to the chemical and microbiological hazards present in food. The presence of antimicrobial residues at levels above the maximum residue limit makes milk unsuitable for human consumption. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze 184 raw milk samples from the dairy region of Pernambuco state, in order to evaluate the presence of 31 antimicrobial residues from six different groups (β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone and pyrimidine). The samples were collected from producers who supply the dairys with and no inspection service and the analyses were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In the qualitative analysis of multiresidues, no sample presented violation for the antimicrobials analyzed. In the quantitative analysis of β-lactams, only one sample of producers who supply milk to dairys with state inspection service presented a result above the maximum residue limit for cloxacillin (464 μg.L-1). It is concluded that raw milk produced in the dairy region of the state of Pernambuco has a low rate of violation of the values established by the current legislation for antimicrobial residues.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.23520 124 downloads

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil - study protocol
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Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Ho, Yeh-Li

; Besen, Bruno A.M.P.

; Malbuisson, Luiz M.S.

; Taniguchi, Leandro U.

; Mendes, Pedro V.

; Costa, Eduardo L.V.

; Park, Marcelo

; Daltro-Oliveira, Renato

; Roepke, Roberta M.L.

; Silva Jr, João M.

; Carmona, Maria José C.

; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro

; Hirota, Adriana

; Kanasiro, Alberto Kendy

; Crescenzi, Alessandra

; Fernandes, Amanda Coelho

; Miethke-Morais, Anna

; Bellintani, Arthur Petrillo

; Canasiro, Artur Ribeiro

; Carneiro, Bárbara Vieira

; Zanbon, Beatriz Keiko

; Batista, Bernardo Pinheiro De Senna Nogueira

; Nicolao, Bianca Ruiz

; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro

; Biselli, Bruno

; Macedo, Bruno Rocha De

; Toledo, Caio Machado Gomes De

; Pompilio, Carlos Eduardo

; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro De

; Mol, Caroline Gomes

; Stipanich, Cassio

; Bueno, Caue Gasparotto

; Garzillo, Cibele

; Tanaka, Clarice

; Forte, Daniel Neves

; Joelsons, Daniel

; Robira, Daniele

; Costa, Eduardo Leite Vieira

; Silva Júnior, Elson Mendes Da

; Regalio, Fabiane Aliotti

; Segura, Gabriela Cardoso

; Marcelino, Gustavo Brasil

; Louro, Giulia Sefrin

; Ho, Yeh-Li

; Ferreira, Isabela Argollo

; Gois, Jeison de Oliveira

; Silva Junior, Joao Manoel Da

; Reusing Junior, Jose Otto

; Ribeiro, Julia Fray

; Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho

; Galleti, Karine Vusberg

; Silva, Katia Regina

; Isensee, Larissa Padrao

; Oliveira, Larissa dos Santos

; Taniguchi, Leandro Utino

; Letaif, Leila Suemi

; Lima, Lígia Trombetta

; Park, Lucas Yongsoo

; Chaves Netto, Lucas

; Nobrega, Luciana Cassimiro

; Haddad, Luciana

; Hajjar, Ludhmila

; Malbouisson, Luiz Marcelo

; Pandolfi, Manuela Cristina Adsuara

; Park, Marcelo

; Carmona, Maria José Carvalho

; Andrade, Maria Castilho Prandini H De

; Santos, Mariana Moreira

; Bateloche, Matheus Pereira

; Suiama, Mayra Akimi

; Oliveira, Mayron Faria de

; Sousa, Mayson Laercio

; Louvaes, Michelle

; Huemer, Natassja

; Mendes, Pedro

; Lins, Paulo Ricardo Gessolo

; Santos, Pedro Gaspar Dos

; Moreira, Pedro Ferreira Paiva

; Guazzelli, Renata Mello

; Reis, Renato Batista Dos

; Oliveira, Renato Daltro De

; Roepke, Roberta Muriel Longo

; Pedro, Rodolpho Augusto De Moura

; Kondo, Rodrigo

; Rached, Samia Zahi

; Fonseca, Sergio Roberto Silveira Da

; Borges, Thais Sousa

; Ferreira, Thalissa

; Cobello Junior, Vilson

; Sales, Vivian Vieira Tenório

; Ferreira, Willaby Serafim Cassa

Clinics

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2020, Volume 75 elocation e2294

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: We designed a cohort study to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the largest public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as Latin America becomes the epicenter of the pandemic. METHODS: This is the protocol for a study being conducted at an academic hospital in Brazil with 300 adult ICU beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients. We will include adult patients admitted to the ICU with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the study period. The main outcome is ICU survival at 28 days. Data will be collected prospectively and retrospectively by trained investigators from the hospital’s electronic medical records, using an electronic data capture tool. We will collect data on demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and laboratorial test results at admission. Information on the need for advanced life support and ventilator parameters will be collected during ICU stay. Patients will be followed up for 28 days in the ICU and 60 days in the hospital. We will plot Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate ICU and hospital survival and perform survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify the main risk factors for mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04378582. RESULTS: We expect to include a large sample of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU and to be able to provide data on admission characteristics, use of advanced life support, ICU survival at 28 days, and hospital survival at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide epidemiological data about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, which could inform health policy and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2294 1957 downloads

EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION TEACHING: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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NUNES, MARIA ERIVANIR RODRIGUES

; FRANÇA, LEONARDO FERNANDES

; PAIVA, LUCIANA VIEIRA DE

Ambiente & Sociedade

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jun 2017, Volume 20 N. 2 Pages 59 - 76

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Neste estudo avaliamos três aspectos de um processo de Educação Ambiental (EA): relação entre grau de conhecimento e grau de interesse pela conservação da biodiversidade, eficiência da EA em atividades in loco versus ex loco na natureza e relação entre nível de envolvimento pessoal e aumento no conhecimento-interesse pela conservação. Para isso, estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública do RN foram divididos em grupos com diferentes níveis de participação (alto, médio e baixo) em atividades realizadas in loco e ex loco na natureza. Observamos a relação direta entre grau de conhecimento e nível de interesse pela conservação da natureza. Constatamos que atividades práticas com ou sem a presença do ambiente natural foram eficientes para a EA, porém sendo as atividades in loco mais efetivas. Por fim, estudantes com maior grau de participação nas atividades propostas foram mais sensibilizados pela ação.

Abstract We evaluated three aspects of an environmental education (EE) process: relationship between level of knowledge and level of interest in the conservation of biodiversity, EE efficiency in activities in situ versus ex situ in nature and relationship between level of personal involvement and increase in knowledge-interest in conservation. For this, high school students from a public school in the RN were divided in groups with different levels of participation (high, medium and low) on activities carried out in situ and ex situ in nature. We observe the direct relationship between level of knowledge and level of interest for nature conservation. We found that practical activities with or without the presence of the natural environment were effective for EE; however, the activities in situ were more effective. Finally, students with higher levels of participation in the proposed activities were more stimulated by the action.

Resumen En este estudio se evaluaron tres aspectos de un proceso de educación ambiental (EA): relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y el grado de interés en conservación de la biodiversidad, eficacia de la EA a través de actividades in loco versus ex situ en la naturaleza y la relación entre el nivel de implicación personal y el aumento de conocimiento-interés por la conservación. Para ello, estudiantes de secundaria de una escuela pública de RN fueron divididos en grupos con diferentes niveles de participación (alta, media y baja) para las actividades realizadas. Observamos una relación directa entre el nivel de conocimiento y el nivel de interés por la conservación de la naturaleza. Constatamos que ambas actividades prácticas fueron eficaces para EA, entretanto, fueron las actividades in loco aún más eficaces. Finalmente, los estudiantes con niveles más altos de participación en las actividades propuestas se sensibilizaron más por la acción.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc228r1v2022017 9388 downloads

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the planning of breast cancer treatment strategies: comparison with conventional imaging techniques
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França, Luciana Karla Lira

; Bitencourt, Almir Galvão Vieira

; Paiva, Hugo Lamartine Souza

; Silva, Caroline Baptista

; Pereira, Nara Pacheco

; Paludo, Jociana

; Graziano, Luciana

; Guatelli, Camila Souza

; Souza, Juliana Alves de

; Marques, Elvira Ferreira

Radiologia Brasileira

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apr 2017, Volume 50 N. 2 Pages 76 - 81

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o papel da ressonância magnética (RM) no planejamento terapêutico de pacientes com câncer de mama. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliadas 160 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama submetidas a RM para estadiamento préoperatório. O tamanho do tumor principal avaliado pela RM e pelos exames convencionais (mamografia e ultrassonografia) foi comparado com o exame anatomopatológico (padrão ouro), utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). Foi avaliada, ainda, a presença de lesões adicionais não identificadas nos exames prévios e sua influência no planejamento terapêutico. Resultados: A idade média das pacientes foi 52,2 anos (variação: 30-81 anos) e o tipo histológico mais comum foi o carcinoma ductal invasivo (60,6%). A medida do tumor na RM teve melhor correlação com o tamanho no exame anatomopatológico, quando comparado com a mamografia (r: 0,872 × 0,710) e com a ultrassonografia (r: 0,836 × 0,704). A RM identificou lesões adicionais em 53 pacientes (33,1%), sendo 20 malignas (12,5%), e modificou o planejamento terapêutico em 23 pacientes (14,4%). Conclusão: A RM das mamas demonstrou ser mais acurada que os exames convencionais na avaliação das dimensões do tumor principal e foi capaz de identificar lesões adicionais não identificadas pelos outros métodos, que alteraram o planejamento terapêutico em um percentual importante dos casos.

Abstract Objective: To assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the planning of breast cancer treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: The study included 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer, who underwent breast MRI for preoperative staging. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), we compared the size of the primary tumor, as determined by MRI, by conventional imaging (mammography and ultrasound), and in the pathological examination (gold standard). The identification of lesions not identified in previous examinations was also evaluated, as was its influence on treatment planning. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.2 years (range, 30-81 years), and the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (in 60.6% of the patients). In terms of the tumor size determined, MRI correlated better with the pathological examination than did mammography (r = 0.872 vs. 0.710) or ultrasound (r = 0.836 vs. 0.704). MRI identified additional lesions in 53 patients (33.1%), including malignant lesions in 20 (12.5%), which led to change in the therapeutic planning in 23 patients (14.4%). Conclusion: Breast MRI proved to be more accurate than conventional imaging in determining the dimensions of the main tumor and was able to identify lesions not identified by other methods evaluated, which altered the therapeutic planning in a significant proportion of cases.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0124 4997 downloads

Effects of rainfall on bird reproduction in a semi-arid Neotropical region
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Cavalcanti, Liana Monique Paiva

; Paiva, Luciana Vieira de

; França, Leonardo Fernandes

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2016, Volume 33 N. 6 elocation e20160018

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In semi-arid ecosystems, birds commonly use rainfall as a reliable environmental cue to adjust the timing and strength of their reproductive activity. Here we evaluate this hypothesis for a community of birds in the Caatinga (the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil), using brood patch information and nest abundance. Sampling occurred every 14 days between September 2012 and August 2013 (brood patch), and every three or four days during the reproductive period (nests). Abundance of brood patches and nests were correlated, and all brood patches were recorded between March and July (4.5 to 5.0 months). We recorded three peaks of brood patch abundance: the first 28 days after the first rains, the second 14 days after the second rainfall peak, and the third synchronously with the third rainy period. These results indicate that intra-annual variation in local rainfall has the potential to account for variations in the timing and intensity of reproduction in the studied birds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20160018 2397 downloads

Predation on artificial nests in open habitats of central Brazil: effects of time and egg size
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Oliveira, Cleyton Washington da Silva

; Almeida, Glaudson Pereira

; Paiva, Luciana Vieira de

; França, Leonardo Fernandes

Biota Neotropica

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mar 2013, Volume 13 N. 1 Pages 142 - 146

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A acurácia de ninhos artificiais em representar padrões naturais de predação de ninhos foi amplamente estudada em regiões temperadas, sendo o tamanho do ovo uma das fontes de erro mais testadas. Nos Neotrópicos, os experimentos com ninhos artificiais geralmente usaram ovos maiores que os naturais, apesar da literatura indicar a necessidade do uso de ovos semelhantes aos das espécies locais. Aqui, testamos hipóteses sobre variação espaço-temporal no risco de predação de ninhos artificiais em função do tamanho do ovo. Para isso, usamos ninhos artificiais com ovos de Codorna (Coturnix coturnix; grandes), Curió (Oryzoborus angolensis; pequenos) e plasticina (ambos tamanhos). Analisamos a sobrevivência diária dos ninhos através de modelos gerados no Programa MARK. O modelo melhor ajustado aos dados incluiu o efeito do tamanho do ovo e do período reprodutivo na sobrevivência diária dos ninhos artificiais. Ninhos com ovos grandes tiveram maiores Estimativas de Sobrevivência Diária (ESD) durante os dois períodos, além disso, as ESD foram menores no início do período reprodutivo. ESD de 0,82 (95% IC = 0,76 a 0,86) e 0,91 (0,87 a 0,93) foram registradas para ovos grandes no início e fim da estação reprodutiva, comparado com 0,72 (0,65 a 0,78) e 0,84 (0,79 a 0,88) registradas para ovos pequenos. As aves foram predadores mais importantes (40% dos registros) que os mamíferos e répteis, de acordo com as marcas deixadas nos ovos de plasticina. Nossos resultados dão suporte à hipótese de que ovos grandes são menos predados do que pequenos, mesmo os principais predadores (Aves) tendo sido diferentes do comumente observado nos Neotrópicos (Mamíferos e Répteis). No entanto, controlar o tamanho dos ovos nos experimentos com ninhos artificiais pode não ser suficiente para se obter padrões temporais similares ao observado em ninhos naturais no Cerrado.

The accuracy of artificial nests in representing natural patterns of nest predation has been widely studied in temperate regions and egg size is one of the most tested sources of bias. In the neotropics, experiments with artificial nests usually used larger than natural eggs, despite suggestions in literature that the eggs should be similar to those of the local species. Here, we tested the hypothesis of spatial-temporal variation in predation risk of artificial nests in relation to egg size. We used quail (Coturnix coturnix; large), Chestnut-bellied Seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis; small) and plasticine (both sizes) eggs placed in artificial nests. We analyzed daily nest survival using models in the Program MARK. The best-fit model included the effects of egg size and the reproductive period on daily survival of artificial nests. Nests with large eggs had greater Daily Survival Estimates (DSE) than nests with small eggs during two times and DSE were smaller early in the reproductive period. DSE of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.76 to 0.86) and 0.91 (0.87 to 0.93) were recorded for large eggs at the beginning and end periods compared to 0.72 (0.65 to 0.78) and 0.84 (0.79 to 0.88) for small eggs. Birds were more important predators (40% of records) than mammals and reptiles based on signs left on the plasticine eggs. Our results support the hypothesis that larger eggs are less depredated than small ones in artificial bird nests, even when main predators (birds) are different from those commonly observed in the Neotropics (mammals and reptiles). However, controlling the egg size in experiments with artificial nests may not be sufficient to obtain similar time patterns observed in natural nests studied in the Cerrado.

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Consumo de frutos e abundância de Tucano Toco (Ramphastos toco) em dois hábitats do Pantanal Sul
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França, Leonardo Fernandes

; Ragusa-Netto, Jose

; Paiva, Luciana Vieira de

Biota Neotropica

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jun 2009, Volume 9 N. 2 Pages 125 - 130

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Tucano Toco (Ramphastos toco) é um dos grandes frugívoros de dossel, tanto de florestas contínuas quanto ambientes semi-abertos. No Pantanal Sul o Tucano Toco é comum em paisagens que intercalam ambientes fechados e abertos. Neste estudo avaliamos a abundância de Tucano Toco em capões de mata e mata ciliar, bem como a produção e consumo de frutos carnosos durante a estação seca. Apenas seis espécies frutificaram em capões de mata, e cinco em mata ciliar. Nos capões de mata a maior abundância do gênero Ficus, cuja frutificação foi assincrônica, proporcionou disponibilidade constante de frutos. Na mata ciliar a oferta de frutos carnosos foi variável e as figueiras foram raras e não foram detectadas pelo método de quadrante centrado. Nos dois hábitats os tucanos exploraram frutos de Cecropia pachystachya, Genipa americana e Ficus. A ocorrência de Tucano Toco foi sempre maior em capões de mata do que em mata ciliar, sendo mais elevada em um dado hábitat, quando pelo menos duas espécies disponibilizavam frutos carnosos. A maior regularidade na ocorrência dos tucanos em capões de mata pode ter sido conseqüência da oferta constante de frutos carnosos, a qual ocorreu devido à presença das espécies do gênero Ficus neste hábitat. Porém, a presença da espécie nos hábitats avaliados deve decorrer da combinação de todos os frutos comuns na sua alimentação.

Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco) is one of the largest frugivorous birds of canopy, even in continuous forests than in semi-opened habitat. At South Pantanal (Brazil) Toco toucan is common in landscapes that intersperse open and closed habitats. On this research we evaluated the Toco Toucan abundance in capões forest and gallery forest as well as the production and consumption of fleshy fruit during dry season. Only six species produced fruits in capões forests, and five in gallery forests. In capões forest the higher presence of Ficus genera, which fructifying was asynchronous, provided constant fruit source. In gallery forests where fig trees were rare, the abundance of fleshy fruits was variable. The toucans explored Cecropia pachystachya, Genipa americana and Ficus fruits at two habitats. The occurrence of Toco Toucan in capões forest always was higher than in gallery forest. The occurrence in each habitat was higher when at least two species produced fleshy fruits at the same time. The regular toucan occurrence at capões forest was potentially a consequence of constant fleshy fruit availability, which occurred due to the presence of Ficus species in this habitat. However, the presence of Toco Toucan at this habitat must result from the combination of all common fruits in bird feed.

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10.

Biologia reprodutiva de Tyrannus savana (Aves, Tyrannidae) em cerrado do Brasil Central
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Marini, Miguel Ângelo

; Lobo, Yonara

; Lopes, Leonardo Esteves

; França, Leonardo Fernandes

; Paiva, Luciana Vieira de

Biota Neotropica

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mar 2009, Volume 9 N. 1

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A tesourinha Tyrannus savana é um Passeriforme (Tyrannidae) migratório que ocorre no Planalto central entre os meses de agosto e fevereiro. Sua biologia reprodutiva é ainda pouco conhecida e foi abordada pelo presente estudo quanto aos seguintes aspectos: período reprodutivo, tamanho da ninhada, tempo de incubação e de permanência dos ninhegos no ninho, características dos ninhos e ovos, taxa de sucesso dos ninhos e taxa de predação. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas e em fragmentos do entorno, DF, nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. Os ninhos (n = 78) foram monitorados em intervalos de 2-4 dias. O período reprodutivo estendeu-se de setembro a dezembro. O período médio de incubação foi de 13,6 ± 0,4 dias (n = 21) (média ± EP), e a permanência dos ninhegos no ninho foi de 15 ± 0,4 dias (n = 27). A maioria dos ninhos (n = 39) foi encontrada em cerrado ralo e em plantas-suporte do gênero Kielmeyera. O tamanho da ninhada variou de 1 a 3 ovos com média de 2,5 ± 0,3 ovos. O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos foram de 22,2 ± 0,2 mm e 15,8 ± 0,1 mm (n = 6), respectivamente, e o peso médio foi de 3,0 ± 0,2 g (n = 5). Trinta ninhos (52,5%) tiveram sucesso, 24 (43,8%) foram predados e apenas dois (3,7%) foram abandonados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 39,2 ± 1,4%, sendo a taxa de eclosão de 0,6 ± 0,2 filhotes/ovo, a fecundidade de 1,5 ± 0,4 filhotes/fêmea e da produção anual de filhotes de 1,0 ± 0,3 filhotes/ninho. O sucesso dos ninhos (método de Mayfield) foi de 45,9% ± 1,1, não havendo diferença significativa entre a taxa média de sobrevivência diária nas fases de ovo e ninhego. Diversos parâmetros estimados para T. savana revelaram ser diferentes do esperado para um tiranídeo tropical.

The Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana (Tyrannidae) is a migratory passerine that occurs in central Brazil between August and February. Its breeding biology is still little known, and this study reports data on breeding season, incubation and nestling periods, nest and egg characteristics, nest success and predation rate. We searched for nests at "Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas" (ESECAE) and its surroundings, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the breeding seasons of 2002 to 2007. We monitored 78 nests each 2-4 days. Breeding season started in late September and lasted until mid December. Incubation lasted 13.6 ± 0.4 days (n = 21) (mean ± SE) and nestling period lasted 15 ± 0.4 days (n = 27). Most nests (n = 39) were found in "cerrado ralo" vegetation and were built on plants of the genus Kielmeyera. Clutch size ranged from 1 to 3 eggs, with an average of 2.5 ± 0.3 eggs. Egg length and width averaged 22.2 ± 0.2 mm and 15.8 ± 0.1 mm (n = 6), respectively, and the average weight was 3.0 ± 0.2 g (n = 5). Thirty (52.5%) nests were successful, 24 (43.9%) were predated and only two (3.7%) were abandoned. Egg success was 39.2 ± 1.4% and mean hatching rate was 0.6 ± 0.2 fledglings/egg. Overall productivity was 1.0 ± 0.3 fledglings per nest, and fecundity rate was 1.4 ± 0.4 fledglings per female. Nest success (Mayfield method) was 45.9% ± 1.1, with no significant difference between the average daily survival rate between egg and nestling periods. Several of the estimated parameters for T. savana revealed to be different than expected for a tropical flycatcher.

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11.

Structure and dynamics of a woody plant community of a tropical semi-deciduous seasonal forest in the "Estação Ecológica do Panga", municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Paiva, Luciana Vieira de

; Araújo, Glein Monteiro de

; Pedron, Fernando

Brazilian Journal of Botany

Journal Metrics
- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

sep 2007, Volume 30 N. 3 Pages 365 - 373

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Estudos de dinâmica de comunidades vegetais são essenciais para o entendimento dos padrões demográficos das espécies, uma vez que as mudanças nas taxas demográficas da comunidade podem afetar a composição florística e a estrutura futura das florestas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças na composição florística e estrutura fitofisionômica da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta tropical semi-decídua em Uberlândia no Brasil central, durante um período de 10 anos. O trabalho foi realizado em 50 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m, onde amostraram-se todas as árvores com circunferência a altura do peito com mínimo de 10 cm em 1989 e novamente em 2000. Em 1989 registrou-se um total de 93 espécies e 1103 indivíduos, enquanto que em 2000, 92 espécies e 1107 indivíduos. Em 10 anos houve a perda de oito espécies e recrutamento de sete. A principal mudança que ocorreu na composição florística nesse período foi a substituição de espécies de savana, que ocorriam nas clareiras, por aquelas de sub-bosque da comunidade florestal.

Studies of plant community dynamics are essential in understanding the demographic patterns of species since changes in demographic rates can affect the floristic composition and future structure. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the changes in the community structure and floristic composition of woody plants in a tropical semi-deciduous forest in Uberlândia in central Brazil, during a 10-years period. The data were collected in 1989 and in 2000 in 50 quadrats (10 m x 10 m) where all trees with a minimum circumference at breast height of 10 cm were sampled. In 1989, 93 species and 1103 individuals were registered. Over a period of 10 years, seven new species were added to the community, although eight disappeared. The main change that occurred during this period in the floristic composition was the replacement of savannah species occurring in forest gaps by those from the forest understory.

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