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BACKGROUND. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a widely accepted standard of practice for management of insulin-dependent diabetes, yet is largely unavailable in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This prospective cohort study is the first known report of implementation of SMBG in a rural, low-income country setting. OBJECTIVES. To evaluate adherence and change in clinical outcomes with SMBG implementation at two rural hospitals in Neno, Malawi. Methods. Forty-eight patients with type 1 and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes were trained to use glucometers and logbooks. Participants monitored preprandial glucose daily at rotating times and overnight glucose once a week. Healthcare providers were trained to evaluate glucose trends, and adjusted insulin regimens based on results. Adherence was measured as the frequency with which patients checked and documented blood glucose at prescribed times, while clinical changes were measured by change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) over a 6-month period. RESULTS. Participants brought their glucometers and logbooks to the clinic 95 - 100% of the time. Adherence with measuring glucose values and recording them in logbooks eight times a week was high (mean (standard deviation) 69.4% (15.7) and 69.0% (16.6), respectively). Mean HbA1c decreased from 9.0% (75 mmol/mol) at enrolment to 7.8% (62 mmol/mol) at 6 months (mean difference 1.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 - 2.0; p=0.0005). The difference was greater for type 1 diabetes (1.6%; 95% CI 0.6 - 2.7; p=0.0031) than for type 2 diabetes (0.9%; 95% CI 0.1 - 1.9; p=0.0630). There was no documented increase in hypoglycaemic events, and no hospitalisations or deaths occurred. CONCLUSION. SMBG is feasible for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes in a rural SSA population, and may be associated with improved HbA1c levels. Despite common misconceptions, all patients, regardless of education level, can benefit from SMBG. Further research on long-term retention of SMBG activities and the benefits of increasing frequency of monitoring is warranted.

https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i2.16643

Diversity of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of Andean maize in Ecuador
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Sangoquiza-Caiza, C. A.

; Pincay-Verdezoto, A. K.

; Park, C. H.

; Zambrano-Mendoza, J. L.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e273632

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract A great diversity of microorganisms in the soil plays an important role in the sustainability of agricultural production systems. Among these microorganisms are bacteria that have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen or mineralize phosphorus, thus making it easily assimilable for plants. Maize is the main crop in the highlands of Ecuador (above 2000 meters) and it is predominantly traditional, using native seeds and very little or no agrochemicals. The National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP) has a collection of bacteria collected from the rhizosphere of maize in the highlands of Ecuador that has not been taxonomically identified. This research aimed to carry out a biochemical and genetic characterization to establish the identity of the collected nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and to understand better the diversity of microorganisms present in the root biome of Andean maize. The hypothesis consisted of determining if there is a difference in the bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of maize in the Andean region of Ecuador compared with other regions. The bacteria underwent classical biochemical characterization based on catalase, oxidase, urease, sulfates, indole, sulfate-indole motility (SIM), and lactose, among others, and genetic identification by 16S rDNA ribosomal gene sequencing, PCR, and SANGER sequencing. A great diversity of microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of the crop was found, including the genera Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Pseudomonas, and Pseudoxanthomonas. INIAP conserves these bacteria in a bank of microorganisms associated with crops of economic importance. They are useful for the development of biofertilizers that could contribute to a more sustainable agriculture in the region.

Resumo Existe uma grande diversidade de microrganismos no solo que desempenham um papel importante na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção agrícola. Um grupo deles pertence a bactérias que fixam o nitrogênio atmosférico ou mineralizam o fósforo tornando-o assimilável pelas plantas. O milho é a principal cultura por extensão nas terras altas do Equador (altitude superior a 2.000 m acima do nível do mar) e quase todo o seu cultivo é feito de forma tradicional, com sementes nativas e com muito pouco ou nenhum uso de agroquímicos. O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (INIAP) possui uma coleção de bactérias coletadas da rizosfera do milho nas terras altas do Equador que não possuem uma identificação taxonômica conclusiva. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma caracterização bioquímica e genética para identificar a identidade das bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e solubilizadoras de fósforo coletadas, a fim de conhecer e entender melhor a diversidade de microrganismos presentes no bioma raiz do milho andino. A hipótese consistia em determinar se existe diferença nas bactérias associadas à rizosfera do milho na região andina do Equador, em comparação com outras regiões. As bactérias passaram por uma caracterização bioquímica clássica baseada em catalase, oxidase, urease, sulfatos, indol, motilidade indol sulfato (SIM), lactose, entre outros, e identificação genética através do sequenciamento do gene ribossomal 16S rDNA, por PCR e sequenciamento SANGER. Uma grande diversidade de microrganismos associados à rizosfera da cultura foi encontrada, incluindo os gêneros Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Pseudomonas e Pseudoxanthomonas. Estas bactérias são conservadas pelo INIAP num banco de microrganismos associados a culturas de importância económica, sendo úteis para o desenvolvimento de biofertilizantes que possam contribuir para uma agricultura mais sustentável na região.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273632

Diferencias en la presencia de alcaloides y fenoles de cinco muestras de muña de expendio informal procedentes de mercados populares en Lima - Perú
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Pucurimay Dalia, Pawer

; Joon Su, Park

; Moscoso Max, Roca

; Granara Alberto, Salazar

Horizonte Médico (Lima)

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jul 2018, Volume 18 N. 3 Pages 25 - 29

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objective: To demonstrate the presence of alkaloids and phenols in the Minthostachys mollis (muña) flower branch, and to compare the results with those of five informally traded muña samples bought in Lima - Peru. Materials and methods: A sample of Minthostachys mollis was collected in the department of Junín (located at 321 km from Lima and at 4113 m.a.s.l.), Peru, according to the Cerrate E. and Ramagosa et. al. method, and identified by a botanic specialist. Other five samples without sanitary registry were bought in different markets. The phytochemical screening was performed using the method proposed by Olga Lock, M.D. The qualitative references employed were "+++" (highly present), "++" (moderately present), "+" (slightly present) and "-" (absent). Results: Regarding the alkaloids, the sample of Minthostachys mollis showed "++" metabolites. In contrast, M1 showed no metabolites, M3 showed "+" metabolites, and M2, M4 and M5 showed "++" metabolites. Concerning the phenols, the sample of Minthostachys mollis showed "+++" metabolites. In contrast, M4 showed "++" metabolites, and M1, M2, M3 and M5 showed "+++" metabolites. Conclusions: In comparison with the sample of Minthostachys mollis, qualitative differences in the presence of the studied metabolites were demonstrated in the informally traded samples

Objetivo: Demostrar la presencia de alcaloides y fenoles en la rama florida de Minthostachys mollis (muña) y comparar los resultados con los de cinco muestras de muña de expendio informal obtenidas en Lima - Perú. Materiales y métodos: Minthostachys mollis fue colectada en Junín (ubicado a 321 km de Lima y a 4113 m s.n.m) Perú, siguiendo la metodología de Cerrate E. y Ramagosa, siendo identificada por una especialista en botánica. Otras cinco muestras se obtuvieron bajo venta sin registro sanitario. La marcha fitoquímica fue realizada mediante el método de Olga Lock. Fueron referentes cualitativos empleados: "+++" (abundante), "++" (moderado), "+" (leve) y "-" (ausencia). Resultados: Minthostachys mollis presentó alcaloides "++", en contraste, M1, no presentó, M3 "+" y M2, M4 y M5 "++". Para fenoles, M. mollis presentó "+++", en comparación, M4 "++", y M1, M2, M3 y M5 "+++". Conclusiones: Frente a M. mollis, se demostraron diferencias cualitativas en la presencia de los metabolitos estudiados en las muestras de expendio informal

https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2018.v18n3.05

Diretriz de Assistência Circulatória Mecânica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Ayub-Ferreira, SM

; Souza Neto, JD

; Almeida, DR

; Biselli, B

; Avila, MS

; Colafranceschi, AS

; Stefanello, B

; Carvalho, BM

; Polanczyk, CA

; Galantini, DR

; Bocchi, EA

; Chamlian, EG

; Hojaij, EM

; Gaiotto, FA

; Pinton, FA

; Jatene, FB

; Ramires, FJA

; Atik, FA

; Figueira, F

; Bacal, F

; Galas, FRBG

; Brito, FS

; Conceição-Souza, GE

; Ribeiro, GCA

; JA Jr, Pinheiro

; Souza, JM

; Rossi Neto, JM

; Lima, JLC

; Mejía, JC

; Fernandes, JR

; Baumworcel, L

; Moura, LAZ

; Hajjar, LA

; Beck-da-Silva, L

; Rohde, LEP

; Seguro, LFBC

; Pinheiro, ML

; Park, M

; Fernandes, MR

; Montera, MW

; Alves, MSL

; MRB Jr, Wanderley

; Hossne, N

; Fernandes, PMP

; Lemos, P

; Schneidewind, RO

; Uchoa, RB

; Honorato, R

; Mangini, S

; Falcão, SNRS

; Lopes, SAV

; Strabelli, TMV

; Guimarães, TCF

; Campanili, TCGF

; Issa, VS

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2016, Volume 107 N. 2 Pages 1 - 33

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160128 22418 downloads

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants of onion
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Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu

; Kyoung, Kim E

; Kyoung, Kim M

; Young, Ko E

; Park, Se W

Horticultura Brasileira

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dec 2015, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 441 - 447

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O estudo foi realizado para examinar o efeito de duas auxinas sintéticas na embriogênese somática e na regeneração de plantas a partir de explantes de embriões maduros de 16 cultivares de cebola. Os cotilédones foram removidos a partir dos embriões e as porções restantes foram cultivadas em meio MS suplementado com 1,0 mg/L de 2,4-D e 5,0 mg/L de picloram sozinho ou em combinação (1,0 mg/L de 2,4-D + 2,5 mg/L de picloram) para produzir calos embriogênicos. Verificou-se que o meio MS suplementado com 5,0 mg/L de picloram foi o melhor tanto para a indução de calo embriogênico (85%) quanto para o diâmetro do calo (3,8 mm). Das 16 cultivares estudadas, Yeoeuijuhwang exibiu a menor freqüência de formação de calos embriogênicos (50,5%), ao passo que todas as outras 15 cultivares apresentaram mais de 60% de indução de calos embriogênicos. A análise dos calos por micrografia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) mostrou todas as fases dos embriões somáticos, tais como as fases globular, escutelar e coleoptilar. A regeneração de plantas foi significativamente afetada pela composição do meio de indução de calos embriogênicos. A maior frequência de conversão de embriões somáticos foi obtida a partir do calo embriogênico desenvolvido em meio MS com 2,4-D (70,1%) seguido por picloram (38,9%) e 2,4-D + picloram (34,5%). As plântulas germinadas foram desenvolvidas no meio contendo metade da dose de MS, com 3% de sacarose e foram aclimatizadas em ambiente de cultura com 98% de taxa de sobrevivência.

ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken to examine the effect of two synthetic auxins on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from mature embryo explants of 16 onion cultivars. Cotyledons were removed from the embryos and remaining portions were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 5.0 mg/L picloram alone or in combination (1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.5 mg/L picloram) to produce embryogenic callus. MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L picloram was found to be the best one for both embryogenic callus induction (85%) and callus diameter (3.8 mm). Of the 16 cultivars studied, Yeoeuijuhwang exhibited the lowest frequency of embryogenic callus induction (50.5%), whereas all the other 15 cultivars showed more than 60% embryogenic callus induction. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analysis of embryogenic callus showed all stages of somatic embryos such as globular, scuetellar and coleoptilar. Plant regeneration was significantly affected by the composition of embryogenic callus induction medium. The greatest frequency of somatic embryo conversion was obtained from embryogenic callus developed in MS medium with 2,4-D (70.1%) followed by picloram (38.9%) and 2,4-D + picloram (34.5%). The germinated plantlets were further developed on the half-strength MS medium containing 3% sucrose and were acclimatized in the culture room with 98% survival rate.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620150000400006 2795 downloads

Maintenance-energy-dependent dynamics of growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] production by Azohydromonas lata MTCC 2311 using simple and renewable carbon substrates
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Zafar, M.

; Kumar, S.

; Dhiman, A. K.

; Park, H.-S.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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jun 2014, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 313 - 323

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The dynamics of microbial growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] production in growth/ non-growth phases of Azhohydromonas lata MTCC 2311 were studied using a maintenance-energy-dependent mathematical model. The values of calculated model kinetic parameters were: m s1 = 0.0005 h-1, k = 0.0965, µmax = 0.25 h-1 for glucose; m s1 = 0.003 h-1, k = 0.1229, µmax = 0.27 h-1 for fructose; and m s1 = 0.0076 h-1, k = 0.0694, µmax = 0.25 h-1 for sucrose. The experimental data of biomass growth, substrate consumption, and P(3HB) production on different carbon substrates were mathematically fitted using non-linear least square optimization technique and similar trends, but different levels were observed at varying initial carbon substrate concentration. Further, on the basis of substrate assimilation potential, cane molasses was used as an inexpensive and renewable carbon source for P(3HB) production. Besides, the physico-chemical, thermal, and material properties of synthesized P(3HB) were determined which reveal its suitability in various applications.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20140312s00002434 3440 downloads

Subsurface cavity detection in a karst environment using electrical resistivity (er): a case study from yongweol-ri, South Korea
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Muhammad, Farooq

; Samgyu, Park

; Young, Soo Song

; Ho Kim, Jung

; Mohammad, Tariq

; Adepelumi, Adekunle Abraham

Earth Sciences Research Journal

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jun 2012, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 75 - 82

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Cuevas kársticas fueron encontrados durante la construcción de unas carreteras en Yongweol-Ri, Corea del Sur. Los intentos para determinar el grado/extensión de las cuevas kársticas a través de perforaciones eran costosos, lentos y muy peligrosos. Así, un estudio de resistividad eléctrica (RE) se llevó a cabo para investigar la geología actual del subsuelo por debajo de la red de carreteras propuesta. La presente investigación fue dirigida a obtener imagen de las cuevas kársticas y la detección de zonas propensas al hundimiento del terreno a través del colapso de las cavidades debajo de un segmento de una carretera encima de las mismas. Un estudio de modelación numérica precedió a la investigación de campo para determinar si el método RE podría identificar tales características. El conjunto de datos de campo constaban de once perfiles eléctricos adquiridos con arreglo dipolo-dipolo; perfiles RE (100 m y 300 m de longitud) fueron medidos usando una configuración de electrodos dipolo-dipolo y la separación entre electrodos se mantuvo a 5 m para garantizar una buena cobertura del área de estudio. Los datos de resistividad fueron invertidos utilizando algoritmos 2D y 3D basados en la técnica mínimos cuadrados amortiguados. Las imágenes de resistividad invertidas proporcionan una vista clara de los suelos erosionados, la distribución de las áreas débiles o de cuevas kársticas y de lecho de roca. Varias zonas de baja resistividad fueron identificadas y la perforación posterior de dichas áreas anómalas llevó al descubrimiento de varias zonas débiles o de cavidades subterráneas llenas de arcilla; los resultados de las perforaciones tuvieron una excelente correlación con las imágenes de resistividad. El resultado del mapa de RE demostró ser precisa y extremadamente eficiente en la delimitación de la investigación de cuevas kársticas y debería tomarse en cuenta cuando se escoja una técnica de investigación para ser usada en sitios geológicos complejos. Ha sido sugerido un plan de acción de medidas correctivas que implica el trabajo de consolidación de anclajes antes de la construcción de carreteras.

Karst voids were encountered during road construction in Yongweol-ri, South Korea. Attempts to determine the extent of the karst voids through drilling was expensive, time-consuming and too dangerous. An electrical resistivity survey was thus carried out to investigate current subsurface geology beneath the proposed road network. This investigation was aimed at imaging karstic voids and detecting areas prone to ground subsidence through the collapse of cavities beneath a road segment overlying such features. A numerical modelling study preceded the field survey to determine whether the electrical resistivity method could identify such features. The field data set consisted of eleven electric profiles acquired using dipoledipole array; electrical resistivity profiles (100 m and 300 m length) were measured using a dipole-dipole electrode configuration and electrode spacing was kept at 5 m to ensure good coverage of the study area. The resistivity data was inverted using 2D and 3D algorithms based on the least squares smoothness constraint technique. The inverted resistivity images provide a clear view of weathered soils, the distribution of weak areas or karst voids and bed rock. Several low resistivity areas were identified and the subsequent drilling of such anomalous areas led to the discovery of several weak zones or clayfilled underground cavities; the drilling results had excellent correlation with the resistivity images. The electrical resistivity imaging result proved precise and extremely efficient in delineating the karstic void investigation and should be taken into account when choosing an investigation technique to be used at complex geological sites. A remedial action plan involving consolidation grouting work has been suggested prior to road construction.

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Effect of the ratio between carried and body weight on finishing time in thoroughbreds
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Lee, H.K.

; Park, K.D.

Archivos de Zootecnia

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sep 2011, Volume 60 N. 231 Pages 681 - 686

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Since the racehorses with excellent performance have a heavy carried weight (CW) in the current system, their finishing time does not increase along with heavier CW. As the CW increases, the finishing time decreases. Moreover, the percentage of victories also gets higher as the CW increases. Therefore, the effect of ratio CW/ BW as the ratio of carried weight to the body weight on finishing time was analyzed in order to suggest the problems of current CW system. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of CW/BW ratio on finishing time, using a total of 155 656 racing records belong to 8197 racehorses. Generally, the BW of racehorse is heavier, the potentiality as a good racehorse is higher. The fact that the ratio CW/BW is high means that most of racehorses have lighter BW. As the ratio CW/BW increases in the racing distance of 1000 m, the actual finishing time tends to increase in general. The finishing time that has run while bearing the ratio of 12.0-12.7%, has demonstrated a good racing record. When the ratio CW/BW is about 13.1% or more, it has begun to influence on the finishing time gradually. Also, the racehorse tends to have a growth potential in a long distance race when the BW is no less than 475-480 kg. Consequently, when setting a handicap, it is desirable to consider the just before raced BW of racehorse to a certain degree.

Dado que los caballos de carrera con excelentes prestaciones transportan un handicap pesado (CW) en el sistema actual, su tiempo a la finalización no aumenta con handicaps (CW) aún mayores. Cuando el CW aumenta, el tiempo de carrera disminuye. Por otra parte, el porcentaje de victorias se hace mayor a medida que aumenta el CW. Por ello, el efecto de la relación CW/BW, como relación entre peso transportado y peso corporal, sobre el tiempo de la carrera fue analizado al objeto de detectar los problemas en el sistema actual de handicap. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la influencia de la relación CW/BW, sobre el tiempo de carrera, empleando un total de 155 656 registros pertenecientes a 8197 carreras. Generalmente si el peso corporal del caballo es más pesado, su potencial como buen caballo de carrera es mayor. El hecho de que la relación CW/BW sea alta, significa que el peso de los caballos es menor. Cuando la relación CW/BW aumenta en la distancia de 1000 m el tiempo de la carrera tiende a aumentar. Cuando la relación está entre 12,012,7%, se ha demostrado conseguir un buen tiempo de carrera. Cuando la relación CW/BW es de 13,1 o más, comienza a influir gradualmente sobre el tiempo de carrera. También el caballo tiende a tener un buen potencial de recuperación en una distancia larga cuando el BW no es inferior a 475-480 kg. Consecuentemente cuando se asigna un handicap, es deseable tener en cuenta el peso del caballo antes de la carrera.

https://doi.org/10.4321/S0004-05922011000300055 428 downloads

Clinical utility of standard base excess in the diagnosis and interpretation of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients
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Park, M

; Taniguchi, L.U

; Noritomi, D.T

; Libório, A.B.

; Maciel, A.T

; Cruz-Neto, L.M

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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mar 2008, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 241 - 249

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aims of this study were to determine whether standard base excess (SBE) is a useful diagnostic tool for metabolic acidosis, whether metabolic acidosis is clinically relevant in daily evaluation of critically ill patients, and to identify the most robust acid-base determinants of SBE. Thirty-one critically ill patients were enrolled. Arterial blood samples were drawn at admission and 24 h later. SBE, as calculated by Van Slyke's (SBE VS) or Wooten's (SBE W) equations, accurately diagnosed metabolic acidosis (AUC = 0.867, 95%CI = 0.690-1.043 and AUC = 0.817, 95%CI = 0.634-0.999, respectively). SBE VS was weakly correlated with total SOFA (r = -0.454, P < 0.001) and was similar to SBE W (r = -0.482, P < 0.001). All acid-base variables were categorized as SBE VS <-2 mEq/L or SBE VS <-5 mEq/L. SBE VS <-2 mEq/L was better able to identify strong ion gap acidosis than SBE VS <-5 mEq/L; there were no significant differences regarding other variables. To demonstrate unmeasured anions, anion gap (AG) corrected for albumin (AG A) was superior to AG corrected for albumin and phosphate (AG A+P) when strong ion gap was used as the standard method. Mathematical modeling showed that albumin level, apparent strong ion difference, AG A, and lactate concentration explained SBE VS variations with an R² = 0.954. SBE VS with a cut-off value of <-2 mEq/L was the best tool to diagnose clinically relevant metabolic acidosis. To analyze the components of SBE VS shifts at the bedside, AG A, apparent strong ion difference, albumin level, and lactate concentration are easily measurable variables that best represent the partitioning of acid-base derangements.

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