Resumen Los medicamentos Look-Alike and Sound-Alike (LASA) son frecuentemente causantes de errores de medicación en el proceso de dispensación, con importantes repercusiones desde el punto de vista humano, asistencial y económico. Objetivo: Determinar la disminución de tasa de estos errores de medicación LASA, posterior a la implementación de estrategias de prevención en una clínica de tercer nivel en Barranquilla, Colombia. Método: La investigación fue de tipo experimental, prospectivo; el periodo de estudio fue de 3 meses (enero-marzo 2021); el criterio de inclusión para el estudio fueron los medicamentos del listado básico de medicamentos LASA y los errores de medicación ocasionados por estos. Se implementaron estrategias de prevención de errores tipo LASA, se cuantificó y comparó los errores de medicación presentados antes y después de la implementación de las estrategias. Resultados: En la etapa de pre-implementación de las estrategias se dispensaron 24.300 medicamentos, entre los cuales se presentaron 80 (0,33%) errores de medicación por medicamentos LASA. En la etapa de post-implementación se dispensaron 23.760 medicamentos, y se presentaron 48 (0,20%) errores de medicación por medicamentos LASA, evidenciando una reducción significativa (P-valor: 0,0366314; IC: 95%). Los medicamentos con mismo principio activo y diferente concentración fueron los de mayor incidencia de errores de medicación en el Servicio Farmacéutico, con 37 errores en la etapa de pre-implementación y 19 errores en la etapa de post-implementación. Conclusión: La reducción de la tasa de errores de medicación fue del 40% al implementar las estrategias propuestas, lo que demuestra su efectividad y su potencial para ofrecer una atención más segura y de mayor calidad a los pacientes, a bajo costo.

Abstract Look-Alike and Sound-Alike (LASA) drugs are frequently the cause of medication errors in the dispensing process, with important repercussions from the human, healthcare and economic point of view. Objective: To determine the decrease in the rate of these LASA medication errors, after the implementation of prevention strategies in a third-level clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia. Method: The research was experimental, prospective; the study period was 3 months (January-March 2021); the inclusion criteria for the study were drugs from the clinic's basic list of drugs that were LASA and the medication errors caused by these. LASA error prevention strategies were implemented; the medication errors presented before and after the implementation of the strategies were quantified and compared. Results: In the pre-implementation stage of the strategies, 24,300 medications were dispensed, among which there were 80 (0.33%) medication errors due to LASA medications. In the post-implementation stage, 23,760 medications were dispensed, and 48 (0.20%) medication errors occurred due to LASA medications, showing a significant reduction (P-valor: 0.0366314; IC: 95%). Medicines with the same active ingredient and different concentrations were those with the highest incidence of medication errors in the Pharmaceutical Service, with 37 errors in the pre-implementation stage and 19 errors in the post-implementation stage. Conclusion: The reduction in the rate of medication errors was 40% after implementing the proposed strategies, which demonstrates their effectiveness and their potential to offer a safer and higher quality care to patients, at low cost.

ABSTRACT High acidity and low soil P availability in the soils from the Pampa natural grasslands generally limit the forage growth and economic return. Thus, to increase the economic return and avoid environmental degradation and biodiversity loss due to replacement by intensive cropping systems, it is essential to improve the soil P availability. This study aimed to diagnose the nutritional status of the pluri-specific natural grasslands amended with different history of P sources. Additionally, we also try to indicate the most appropriate range of soil P availability for maximizing forage growth. The experiment started in 1997 in an area of Pampa natural grasslands in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The treatments evaluated the application of Gafsa hyperphosphate (HP) and triple superphosphate (SP) for four years (1997, 1998, 2002, and 2010). Soil and aboveground biomass sampling were performed five times from October 2010 to March 2011 to access aboveground biomass production, botanical composition, soil available P, and N and P nutrition index. Greater P availability in the soil amended with SP produced more forage and resulted in a higher P accumulation than in the soil amended with HP. The ideal range of soil P availability in the soils of natural grasslands ranged from 14 to 20 mg kg˗1, varying for different plant species. The species Paspalum plicatulum and Aristida laevis produce less aboveground biomass and accumulate less P in their tissue than Dichantelium sabulorum and Eustachys uliginosa, and P. notatum. Therefore, areas of natural grasslands dominated by D. sabulorum, E. uliginosa and P. notatum demand higher soil P availability to maintain high forage production. Soil P fertilization of pluri-specific natural grasslands in the Brazilian Pampa biome must consider the dominant forage species in the area and the soil P availability.

Aim Assessing the intracoronal bleaching effectiveness of an experimental chlorine dioxide product, based on the walking bleach technique. Methods Extracted bovine incisors were artificially stained with bovine blood and filled with zinc phosphate cement at cementoenamel junction level. Teeth were divided into 3 groups (n=10): (SP) sodium perborate added with distilled water, (CD) chlorine dioxide and (C) control – dry cotton inserted into the pulp chamber. Bleaching agents were used at 0, 7 and 14 days. VITA Easyshadetm (∆Eab) was used to analyze tooth color at the 7th, 14th and 21st days, based on the CIE2000 system. Data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results There were no statistically significant differences in Δb, ΔE, ΔE00 and ΔWID between CD and the control group. These parameters have shown significant differences between CD and SP, which differed from the control. However, they did not show significant differences either in the control group or in CD at the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Values recorded for SP at the 7th day differed from those recorded at the 14th and 21st days. Δa has shown differences within the same group at the 7th, 14th and 21st days. There was no difference between groups, when they were compared at the same day (7th and 14th). The control group differed from SP at the 21st day. CD did not differ from the other two groups. ΔL did not show differences between groups and times. Conclusion Stabilized chlorine dioxide (0.07%, at pH 3.5) should not be used as intracoronal bleaching agent along with the walking bleach technique.

ABSTRACT Paranthaclisis stangei Marquez, Martins, and Contreras, sp. n., is a new myrmeleontid from Baja California Sur state, Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, which is an important area of endemism. After this new discovery, the genus Paranthaclisis is composed by five species, three occurring in Mexico. This new species is easily identified by a rostrum completely yellowish-white, an area of pre-origin of RP with spurial vein on hindwing and with marks; males are easily separated by the conspicuous posterior thinning of the parameres and mediuncus dorsally without teeth and a basomedial split. Marquez Martins Contreras sp n n. state Peninsula Mexico endemism discovery yellowishwhite, yellowishwhite yellowish white, white yellowish-white preorigin pre origin marks split

ABSTRACT The present research aimed at the biochemical characterization and molecular identification of pathogenic strains of Aeromonas sp, isolated from juvenile rainbow trout with clinical signs compatible with aeromoniasis in six fish farms in Junín (2), Pasco (2), Cajamarca (1) and Ancash (1), Peru. In total, 60 juvenile trout of 4-5 months were selected, with suggestive signs of outbreaks of aeromoniasis between 2017 and 2018. Euthanasia and necropsy were performed and the external and internal lesions present were recorded. Bacterial isolation of spleen and anterior kidney samples was carried out on TSA and GSP agar for 24-48 hours at 25 °C, bacterial colonies were characterized by biochemical tests and identified by conventional PCR using specific primers of the 16S rRNA gene (Aeromonas spp.), fstA (A. salmonicida) and gyrB (A. hydrophila), and sequencing was performed and confirmed by BLAST analysis (NCBI). The external lesions were melanosis, necrotic and haemorrhagic fins, skin ulcers and abdominal distention. Internal lesions were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and petechial haemorrhage in the liver, pyloric cecum, and peritoneal fat. Twelve strains were isolated in GSP (7 from Junín and 5 from Cajamarca), characterized as Aeromonas spp, being negative in the Pasco and Ancash samples. The biochemical tests determined four strains as Aeromonas salmonicida and eight as mobile Aeromonas sp, differing by motility and indole tests. Molecular identification by PCR determined four A. salmonicida strains from Junín, one A. hydrophila strain from Cajamarca and seven Aeromonas spp mobile strains (3 from Junín and 4 from Cajamarca) that were negative to the PCR of A. salmonicida and A. hydrophila. BLAST analysis (NCBI) confirmed the strains A. salmonicida and Aeromonas spp (98-100% identity). Furthermore, the Cajamarca strain (identified as A. hydrophila by biochemistry) presented 95.65% identity with A. hydrophila subspecies dhakensis. In conclusion, Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila subspecies dhakensis and other pathogenic mobile Aeromonas produce symptoms associated with aeromoniasis in juvenile rainbow trout in the Junín and Cajamarca fish farms. It is the first time that A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis is detected in the country.

RESUMEN La investigación tuvo como objetivo la caracterización bioquímica e identificación molecular de cepas patógenas de Aeromonas sp aisladas de truchas arcoíris juveniles con signología compatible a aeromoniasis, cultivadas en seis piscigranjas de los departamentos de Junín (2), Pasco (2), Cajamarca (1) y Ancash (1), Perú. Se seleccionaron 60 truchas juveniles de 4-5 meses, con signología sugerente de brotes de aeromoniasis entre 2017 y 2018. Se realizó la eutanasia y necropsia y se registraron las lesiones externas e internas presentes. Se efectuó el aislamiento bacteriano de muestras de bazo y riñón anterior en agar TSA y GSP por 24-48 horas a 25 °C, se caracterizaron las colonias bacterianas mediante pruebas bioquímicas y se identificaron por PCR convencional utilizando cebadores específicos del gen ARNr 16S (Aeromonas spp.), fstA (A. salmonicida) y gyrB (A. hydrophila). Además, se realizó la secuenciación y se confirmó por análisis BLAST (NCBI). Las lesiones externas registradas fueron melanosis, aletas necróticas y hemorrágicas, úlceras en la piel y distensión abdominal. Las lesiones internas fueron hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia y hemorragia petequial en hígado, ciegos pilóricos y grasa peritoneal. Se aislaron 12 cepas en GSP (7 de Junín y 5 de Cajamarca), caracterizadas como Aeromonas spp, siendo negativas en las muestras de Pasco y Ancash. Las pruebas bioquímicas determinaron cuatro cepas como Aeromonas salmonicida y ocho como Aeromonas sp móviles, diferenciándose por pruebas de motilidad e indol. La identificación molecular por PCR determinó cuatro cepas A. salmonicida procedentes de Junín, una cepa A. hydrophila de Cajamarca y siete cepas móviles Aeromonas spp (3 de Junín y 4 de Cajamarca) que fueron negativas a la PCR de A. salmonicida y A. hydrophila. El análisis BLAST (NCBI) confirmó las cepas A. salmonicida y Aeromonas spp (identidad de 98-100%); además, la cepa de Cajamarca (identificada como A. hydrophila por bioquímica) presentó identidad de 95.65% con A. hydrophila subespecie dhakensis. En conclusión, Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila subespecie dhakensis y otras Aeromonas móviles patógenas causan signología asociada a aeromoniasis en truchas arcoiris juveniles en las piscigranjas de Junín y Cajamarca. Es la primera vez que se detecta A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis en el país.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present research was to evaluate the agro-productive response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different soil humidity conditions. For that purpose, an experiment was carried out in areas of the UBPC “El Sordo”, municipality Martí, Matanzas. Three treatments were studied: control (the watering was applied to indicate the Technical Handbook for the cultivation of chickpea on the Cuba conditions), unirrigated conditions and unirrigated + Trichoderma sp. At the moment of harvest, it was determined the number of legumes per plant, number of empty legumes per plants, number of seeds per legumes, number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g) and yield (t ha-1). A total randomize design was used and data was processed with the statistic software STATGRAPHIC plus 5.1. The analyzed treatments affected the yield and their attributes on chickpea, variety JP 94. Control (with watering) showed the best response. The application of TRICOSAVE 34 based on Trichoderma harzianum strain A-34 unirrigated, did not increased the yield parameters evaluated.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta agroproductiva del cultivo del garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) bajo diferentes condiciones de humedad del suelo; para lo cual se efectuó un experimento en áreas de la UBPC “El Sordo”, municipio Martí, provincia Matanzas. Se estudiaron tres tratamientos: control (el riego se aplicó según las recomendaciones del Manual de Instrucciones Técnicas para el cultivo del garbanzo en las condiciones de Cuba), secano y secano + Trichoderma sp. En el momento de la cosecha se determinó el número de legumbres por planta, número de legumbres vanas por planta, número de semillas por legumbres, número de semillas por planta, peso de 100 semillas (g) y rendimiento (t ha-1). Se utilizó un diseño totalmente aleatorizado y los datos fueron procesados según el paquete estadístico STATGRAPHIC plus 5.1. Los tratamientos estudiados influyeron sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes en el cultivo del garbanzo, cultivar JP-94, donde fue manifestada la mejor respuesta en el tratamiento control. La aplicación de TRICOSAVE 34 a base de Trichoderma harzianum cepa A-34 en secano, no propició un incremento en las variables evaluadas del rendimiento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between working conditions and access to personal protective equipment (PPE) in health personnel in the city of Lima-Perú. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample was of 271 respondents virtually in the city of Lima, who met the selection criteria, captured between 07/09/2020 to 08/09/2020. The data collection instrument was validated by expert judgment with a score> 80% (content validity). An analysis was carried out with the generalized linear model of the Poisson family, log link function, robust models with fit. A statistically significant value of p <0.05 was considered. Results: The 55% of health personnel (HCP) worked more than 12 hours and only 53% received one PPE per day of work. 40% of the HCP almost never received a mask. In the multivariate analysis, the SP with ages <26 years (p=0.00) and from 26 to 55 years (p=0.00) received an incomplete PPE. The HCPs who did not have an employment relationship with the institution (p=0.02) received a mask on few occasions. Conclusion: Health personnel under the age of 56 rarely received PPE. When they work without an employment relationship, they sometimes receive a mask.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre las condiciones laborales y el acceso al equipo de protección personal (EPP) en el personal de salud de la ciudad de Lima-Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. La muestra fue de 271 encuestados virtualmente en la ciudad de Lima, que cumplieron los criterios de selección, captados entre el 09/07/2020 al 09/08/2020. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue validado por juicio de expertos con un puntaje >80% (validez de contenido). Se realizó un análisis con el modelo lineal generalizado de familia Poisson, función de enlace log, modelos robustos con ajuste. Se consideró un valor estadísticamente significativo de p<0,05. Resultados: El 55% del personal de salud (PS) trabajaron más de 12 horas y solo el 53% recibieron un EPP por día de trabajo. El 40% del PS casi nunca recibió una mascarilla. En el análisis multivariado el PS con edades <26 años (p=0,00) y de 26 a 55 años (p=0,00) recibieron un EPP incompleto. Los PS que no tenían un vínculo laboral con la institución (p=0,02) recibieron una mascarilla en pocas oportunidades. Conclusión: : El personal de la salud menores de 56 años recibieron con poca frecuencia un EPP. Cuando trabajan sin un vínculo laboral reciben algunas veces una mascarilla.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose negligenciada e endêmica presente em todas as regiões do Brasil, mas mesmo assim poucos estudos têm objetivado a detecção inicial da doença. O município de Ourinhos - SP é uma área não receptiva, silenciosa e vulnerável à LV, não havendo até o momento estudos que tenham investigado a soroprevalência no município. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a soroprevalência da LV canina em Ourinhos-SP, bem como associar a presença de fatores de risco. Amostras sanguíneas de 604 cães foram obtidas juntamente com a aplicação de questionário socioeconômico, características ambientais e dos animais e conhecimento sobre a doença. As amostras foram submetidas à sorologia por ELISA e novas amostras coletadas de cães reagentes ou suspeitos foram analisadas por método parasitológico direto, hemograma e PCR. Nenhum animal foi considerado positivo na combinação de testes direto e indireto, e as respostas dos tutores indicaram pouco conhecimento sobre a leishmaniose, sendo muitas vezes confundida com outras doenças transmitidas por artrópodes. Dessa forma, de acordo com os métodos propostos, a presença de leishmaniose canina, na cidade de Ourinhos, não foi confirmada. Por isso campanhas de educação em saúde sobre a doença deveriam ser realizadas.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected and endemic zoonosis that occurs throughout Brazil; nevertheless, few studies have focused on the early detection of the disease. The municipality of Ourinhos is a non-receptive, silent and vulnerable area for VL, where the seroprevalence of this disease has so far not been investigated. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine VL in Ourinhos-SP, and to identify the presence of risk factors. Blood samples were obtained from 604 dogs during a rabies vaccination campaign together with application of a socioeconomic questionnaire, environmental and animal characteristics and tutor's knowledge about the disease. The samples were subjected to indirect ELISA and new samples were collected from reactive and suspect animals, including whole blood and lymph node aspiration evaluated by parasitological method, complete blood count and PCR. No animal was diagnosed as positive based on the combination of direct and indirect tests and the tutors' answers indicated little knowledge about leishmaniasis, being often confused with other diseases transmitted by arthropods; hence, according to the proposed methods, the presence of canine leishmaniasis in the city of Ourinhos was not confirmed and health education campaigns about the disease should be carried out.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the association of enteroparasitosis in school-age children in the Santa María de Chicmo district (Apurímac, Peru) with the nutritional status, characteristics of the house, and raising of backyard animals. Stool samples were taken from 493 children aged 6-16 years, of both sexes, and their homes were visited to determine their characteristics. The prevalence of enteroparasites was 82.4%, where the highest prevalence corresponded to Entamoeba coli (59.6%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (51.1%) and Taenia sp with 33.3%. Other parasites presented prevalence less than 12%. The raising of pigs and chickens was associated with Taenia sp and E. vermicularis, respectively. Defecating in the open field, housing on the edge of crops and on the edge of ditches were associated with E. vermicularis, H. nana and A. lumbricoides. Nutritional status was not associated with parasitosis in school children. It is concluded that the characteristics of the houses and the raising of backyard animals present characteristics that favour the presentation of intestinal parasitism in children in the Santa María de Chicmo district.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación de la enteroparasitosis en niños en edad escolar del distrito de Santa María de Chicmo (Apurímac, Perú) con el estado nutricional, características de la vivienda y crianza de animales de traspatio. Se tomaron muestras coprológicas a 493 niños de 6-16 años, de ambos sexos y se visitaron sus viviendas para determinar sus características. La prevalencia de enteroparásitos fue de 82.4%, donde la mayor prevalencia correspondió a Entamoeba coli (59.6%), seguida de Ascaris lumbricoides (51.1%) y Taenia sp con 33.3%. Otros parásitos presentaron prevalencias menores a 12%. La crianza de porcinos y pollos estuvo asociada a Taenia sp y E. vermicularis, respectivamente. Defecar a campo abierto, vivienda al borde de cultivos y al borde de acequias estuvieron asociados a E. vermicularis, H. nana y A. lumbricoides. El estado nutricional no estuvo asociado a la parasitosis en los escolares. Se concluye que las características de las viviendas y la crianza de animales de traspatio presentan características que favorecen la presentación de parasitismo intestinal en los niños del distrito de Santa María de Chicmo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to conduct the sanitary characterization of the fishing marketing chain and identify the points of microbiological contamination from landing to sale, in the port of Pucallpa, Ucayali, Peru. Artisanal fishing ends with the landing of wooden boats with motor. The fish are washed in the river water, as well as plastic material and tubs within 150 m of the riverbank. The fish are transferred covered with crushed ice, plastic layers and rice husk. The facilities for sale are made of wood. There are no programs to disinfect or sanitize the area and solid waste is disposed of in a nearby sector. Work clothing is not used by fishermen, but some primary marketers use it. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples were within the normal ranges, but the presence of coliforms, E. coli and Pseudomona sp at high levels was detected. In fish, mesophiles were above the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) in catfish meat (Siluriforme spp); E. coli was at low levels in the meat of the three species evaluated (black prochilodus [Prochilodus nigricans], silver mylossoma [Mylossoma duriventre] and catfish); Staphylococcus aureus was present at low levels, but above the MPL in catfish, and Salmonella sp, Vibrio cholerae and V. parahemolyticus were absent. In facilities, furniture and hands of the fihermen was found E. coli and high counts of coliforms. The results show an artisanal management with poor biosecurity in the fishing marketing chain and a moderate microbiological contamination, both in facilities, in fishermen and in fish.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar sanitariamente la cadena de comercialización pesquera e identificar los puntos de contaminación microbiológica desde el desembarque hasta la venta, en el puerto de Pucallpa, Ucayali, Perú. La pesca artesanal finaliza con el desembarque de botes de madera con motor. Los pescados son lavados en el agua del río, así como el material plástico y tinas dentro de los 150 m de la ribera. Los pescados son trasladados cubiertos con hielo picado, capas de plástico y cascarilla de arroz. Las instalaciones para la venta son de madera. No hay programas de desinfección ni sanitización del área y los residuos sólidos son eliminados en un sector aledaño. La indumentaria de trabajo no es utilizada por los manipuladores del pescado, pero lo usan algunos comercializadores primarios. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos de las muestras de agua estaban dentro de los rangos normales, pero se detectó la presencia de coliformes, E. coli y Pseudomona sp en niveles elevados. En los pescados, los mesófilos estuvieron por encima al Límite Máximo permisible (LMP) en carne de bagre (Siluriforme spp); E. coli estuvo en bajos niveles en la carne de las tres especies evaluadas (boquichico [Prochilodus nigricans], palometa [Mylossoma duriventre] y bagre); Staphylococcus aureus estuvo presente en niveles bajos, pero por encima del LMP en bagres; Salmonella sp, Vibrio cholerae y V. parahemolyticus estuvieron ausentes. En instalaciones, mobiliarios y manos de los manipuladores se encontró E. coli y recuentos elevados de coliformes. Los resultados muestran un manejo artesanal con una bioseguridad deficiente en la cadena de comercialización pesquera y una contaminación microbiológica moderada, tanto en instalaciones y manipuladores como en los pescados.

Resumen Los daños ocasionados por ácaros fitófagos es uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios con los que se enfrenta el cultivo de la zarzamora. La identificación de especies asociadas a este cultivo es una actividad fundamental para la implementación de un programa de manejo integrado de plagas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las especies de ácaros fitófagos, depredadores y de otros hábitos asociadas a este cultivo. La investigación se realizó en dos huertos ubicados en los municipios Ziracuaretiro y Tacámbaro, en Michoacán, México y estos tuvieron como característica el tipo de manejo: convencional y no-convencional, respectivamente. En cada huerto se recolectaron, quincenalmente, 18 muestras durante un ciclo anual, de junio del 2015 a mayo de 2016. Los ácaros se montaron en preparaciones permanentes para su determinación taxonómica la que se realizó mediante claves especializadas. Se identificaron 17 especies de ácaros pertenecientes a diez familias, seis corresponden a fitófagas, seis son depredadoras y cinco con hábitos diversos. Seis de los 17 taxones identificados representan nuevos registros de ácaros asociados al cultivo de la zarzamora. El mayor porcentaje de ácaros (65,4 %) se recolectó en el huerto con un manejo convencional, mientras que la abundancia de ácaros depredadores fue mayor en el huerto con manejo no-convencional.

Abstract Damage caused by phytophagous mites is one of the main phytosanitary problems on blackberry crop. The mite species identification is a very significant activity to implement a program of integrated pest management. The aim of this study was to identify the species of phytophagous mites, predators, and other mites associated with blackberry crop in two locations of Michoacan, Mexico. The research was performed in two blackberry orchards located at Ziracuaretiro and Tacambaro municipalities, which had different type of management: conventional and non-conventional, respectively. In each orchard, 18 samples were collected at 15 d-intervals during an annual cycle, from June 2015 to May 2016. The collected mites were mounted in permanent slide for their taxonomic determination with specific keys with specific keys. Seventeen mite species belonging to ten families were identified, which six were phytophagous species, six were predatory, and five had varied habits. Six of the 17 taxa identified are new records of mites associated with blackberry crop. Most of the mites were collected in the conventional crop (65.4 %), while the abundance of predator mites was highest in the no-conventional crop.

RESUMO Infecções por Ehrlichia em bovinos são frequentes na África, mas também foram relatadas no Brasil e na América do Norte. Este artigo relata uma infecção natural por Ehrlichia sp. associado a Babesia bigemina e Anaplasma marginale em um bezerro, no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, o qual apresentava polioencefalomalácia. A evidência molecular, baseada em um fragmento do gene dsb, indica uma espécie de Ehrlichia geneticamente relacionada a Ehrlichia canis e outras espécies do gênero encontradas no carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e em um bezerro do Brasil (99 a 100% de identidade). Não foi possível associar os sinais clínicos à infecção por Ehrlichia devido a coinfecções e evidências histológicas de outra doença. No entanto, a circulação da bactéria em bovinos no Cerrado brasileiro foi confirmada, e mais atenção deve ser dada à suspeita clínica de patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em bovinos para esclarecer o potencial patogênico de Ehrlichia sp.

ABSTRACT Ehrlichia infections in cattle are frequent in Africa but have also been reported in Brazil and North America. This paper reports natural infection by Ehrlichia sp. associated with Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale in a calf in the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, presenting polioencephalomalacia. The molecular evidence, based on a fragment of the dsb gene, indicates a species of Ehrlichia genetically related to Ehrlichia canis and other species of the genus found in the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and a calf from Brazil (99 to 100% identity). It was not possible to associate the clinical signs with Ehrlichia infection due to co-infections and histological evidence of another disease. However, the circulation of the bacteria in bovines in Brazilian Cerrado was confirmed and more attention should be given to clinical suspicion of tick-borne pathogens in cattle to clarify the pathogenic potential of Ehrlichia sp.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) is one of the most important crops and one of the main protein sources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizobium sp. on the growth and production of P. vulgaris. Plantlets were inoculated with both microorganisms and we measured the number of leaves, knots, stem diameter, shoot length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, total protein content and yield components. Rhizobium sp. promoted plant growth, increasing the shoot diameter, dry weight, leaf area, total protein content and yield. Mycorrhizal fungi did not affect the number of knots, leaves, shoot length, protein content or fresh and dry weight. However, differences were observed in the yield components number and weight of seeds. Coinoculation with both microorganisms promoted an increase in the growth parameters (number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, shoot length and stem diameter) and at the same time caused an increase in yield components (seed number and seed weight). It is concluded that the inoculation of both Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizobium sp., promotes the growth, development and yield in Phaseolus vulgaris var. Canario "canary bean" under greenhouse conditions.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), es uno de los cultivos más importantes al ser una de las principales fuentes de proteína. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la coinoculación de Rhizophagus irregularis y Rhizobium sp. sobre el crecimiento de P. vulgaris. Se inocularon plantas de frijol con ambos microorganismos y se cultivaron en condiciones hidropónicas. Se evaluó el número de hojas y nudos, diámetro de tallo, longitud de tallo, índice de área foliar, peso fresco y seco, proteínas foliares totales y componentes de rendimiento. Rhizobium sp. mejoró el crecimiento vegetativo (diámetro de tallo, peso seco de la parte aérea, área foliar y contenido de proteínas), así como el rendimiento (número y peso de semillas). La micorrización no promovió el incremento de número de hojas y nudos, longitud de tallo, peso fresco y seco, ni cantidad de proteínas foliares. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias respecto a parámetros de rendimiento (número de semillas por planta y peso de semillas). Se concluye que la inoculación conjunta de Rhizophagus irregularis y Rhizobium sp., promueve el aumento de los parámetros de crecimiento y desarrollo, así como los componentes de rendimiento en Phaseolus vulgaris var. canario "frijol canario", cultivado en condiciones de invernadero.

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of coccidia in chickens from a Mexican municipality. Samples from 97 birds were collected in 17 locations and data regarding number of chickens per location, feeding type, cause of death, seasonal concentration of deaths, and parasitic control of the 40 units visited. The presence of Eimeria sp oocysts was detected in 65 samples with a prevalence of 67.01%, with low, medium and high infestation levels (46, 10 and 9 cases). There was correlation between females versus parasite control (p≤0.05), levels of oocysts vs cause of death (p≤0.05), and male vs period of death (p≤0.05). Odds ratio indicates that females were more susceptible than the males to get coccidia (1.87, p=0.1883). It can be concluded that the prevalence of coccidia in chickens of backyard units in Salamanca is high, and that it is related to the control of parasites, time of the year, and sex of the birds. In addition, females were more susceptible to infestation compared to males.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de coccidios en pollos de un municipio mexicano. Se tomaron muestras de 97 aves en 17 localidades y se recabaron datos para conocer la cantidad de aves por unidad, el tipo de alimentación, la causa de muerte, la época de mayor mortalidad y la realización de controles antiparasitarios en las 40 unidades visitadas. Se confirmó la presencia de ooquistes de Eimeria sp en 65 muestras, con prevalencia del 67,01% y niveles de infestación bajos, medios y altos (46, 10 y 9 casos). Hubo correlación entre hembras versus control de parásitos (p≤0,05), nivel de infestación versus causa de muerte (p≤0,05) y machos versus época de muerte (p≤0,05). El odds ratio indicó que las hembras son más susceptibles que los machos a contraer coccidios (1,87, p=0,1883). Se concluye que la prevalencia del protozoario en aves de unidades de traspatios en Salamanca es alta y está relacionada con el control parasitario, la época del año y el sexo de las aves. Además, comparadas con los machos, las hembras fueron más susceptibles a contraer coccidios.

Resumo Conduzido em uma área ripária da unidade de conservação denominada Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito - SP, este estudo avaliou, em diferentes classes de distância da plantação de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pinus): 1) a densidade de vegetação nativa, pinus com cone e pinus sem cone; 2) a área basal de vegetação nativa e pinus com cone; e 3) a umidade por frequência de ocorrência de solo seco, solo saturado superficialmente e solo inundado. O objetivo foi verificar a situação de invasão e desenvolvimento de pinus, sua relação com a vegetação nativa e com o solo. Pela Correlação de Spearman, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa no estabelecimento de pinus nas diferentes classes de distância (média = 335), confirmando seu potencial invasor. Ao observar o incremento na densidade de vegetação nativa, verifica-se a diminuição na abundância de pinus com cone, porém, ocorreu seu estabelecimento. Houve, inclusive, o recrutamento de plântulas e juvenis (pinus sem cone) que possuem capacidade de autoperpetuação por substituição aos indivíduos senis e perecidos. Ao considerar a mesma densidade de pinus com cone e de vegetação nativa, obteve-se área basal de pinus com cone oito vezes a de vegetação nativa. Esta elevada área basal indica competição por atributos ambientais, o que pode comprometer a manutenção e sobrevivência de espécies nativas a médio e longo prazo. Ocorreu maior prevalência de ocupação por pinus com cone em solo seco em detrimento das espécies nativas. Os impactos ambientais comprovados pela presença, desenvolvimento e invasão de Pinus elliottii indicam a necessidade de sua erradicação e manejo contra reinfestação.

Abstract Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capão Bonito National Forest - SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of native vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of native vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with native vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coefficient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average = 335), confirming its invasive potential. When the increase in native vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and native vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the native vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.