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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar composição química, perfil fermentativo, população de microrganismos e recuperação de matéria seca (RMS) de silagem de cana-de-açúcar contendo níveis crescentes (0, 25, 50 e 75%, na base da matéria natural) de amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte), tratadas ou não com Lactobacillus buchneri. Usou-se o esquema fatorial 4×2, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Verificou-se efeito de interação níveis de amendoim forrageiro e inoculante para teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, ácidos orgânicos e etanol, população de bactérias láticas e leveduras, perdas por gases e por efluente e RMS. Houve efeito de níveis de amendoim forrageiro no teor de hemicelulose, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido, pH e nitrogênio amoniacal. Verificou-se que o aumento de níveis de amendoim forrageiro incrementou teor de proteína e diminuiu teor de fibra, além de reduzir a produção de etanol e de efluente. Recomenda-se inclusão de 40% a 75% de amendoim forrageiro na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar para melhorar a composição química e o perfil de fermentação. A inoculação com L. buchneri associada ao amendoim forrageiro aumenta a concentração de ácidos antifúngicos na silagem e decresce a população de leveduras e a produção de etanol.

Abstract There is evidence for the beneficial effects of forage peanut on the nutritive value and fermentation profile of silages; however, its effects on sugarcane silage have not been determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, microbial composition, and dry matter recovery (DMR) of sugarcane silage containing various amounts of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte) (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% on a fresh matter basis), treated or untreated with Lactobacillus buchneri. A completely randomized 4 × 2 factorial design was used with three replications. The interaction between forage peanut levels and inoculant influenced the concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, organic acids and ethanol, populations of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, gas and effluent losses, and DMR. Forage peanut levels had effects on dry matter, hemicellulose, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, pH, and ammonia nitrogen. Increasing proportions of forage peanut increased the protein content and decreased the fiber content in the silage, while also reducing the production of ethanol and effluent. We recommend the inclusion of 40%–75% forage peanut in the sugarcane ensilage to improve the chemical composition and fermentation profile. Furthermore, inoculation with L. buchneri associated with forage peanut increases the concentration of antifungal acids in the silage and decreases the yeast population and ethanol production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72352e

CH4 and N2O fluxes from planted forests and native Cerrado ecosystems in Brazil
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Oliveira, Alexsandra Duarte de

; Ribeiro, Fabiana Piontekowski

; Ferreira, Eloisa Aparecida Belleza

; Malaquias, Juaci Vitoria

; Gatto, Alcides

; Zuim, Diana Regazzi

; Pinheiro, Luciano de Almeida

; Pulrolnik, Karina

; Soares, João Paulo Guimarães

; Carvalho, Arminda Moreira de

Scientia Agricola

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2021, Volume 78 N. 1 elocation e20180355

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Forest soils are N2O sources and commonly act as CH4 sinks. This study evaluated the dynamics of the CH4 and N2O fluxes of soils under Eucalyptus plantations and native Cerrado vegetation, as well as possible interactions between environmental factors and fluxes. The study was carried out in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, during 26 months, in three areas: in two stands of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, planted in 2011 (E1), and in 2009 (E2) and native Cerrado vegetation (CE). Measurements to determine the fluxes in a closed static chamber were carried out from Oct 2013 to Nov 2015. Soil and climate factors were monitored. During the study period, the mean CH4 fluxes were –22.48, –8.38 and –1.31 μg CH4 m–2 h–1 and the mean N2O fluxes 5.45, 4.85 and 3.85 μg N2O m–2 h–1 from E1, E2 and CE, respectively. Seasonality affected plantations in the studied sites. Cumulative CH4 influxes were calculated (year-1: –1.86 to -0.63 kg ha–1 yr–1; year-2: –1.85 to –1.34 kg ha–1 yr–1). Cumulative N2O fluxes in the three sites were ≤ 0.85 kg ha–1 yr–1. The change in land use from Cerrado to Eucalyptus plantations did not significantly changed regarding greenhouse gases (GHG), compared to the native vegetation. Flux rates of both gases (N2O and CH4) were low. Temporal variations in GHG fluxes and different ages of the stands did not cause significant differences in cumulative annual fluxes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2018-0355 766 downloads

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the use of JAK inhibitors in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
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Bonfiglioli, Karina Rossi

; Mota, Licia Maria Henrique da

; Ribeiro, Ana Cristina de Medeiros

; Kakehasi, Adriana Maria

; Laurindo, Ieda Maria Magalhães

; Giorgi, Rina Dalva Neubarth

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Reis, Ana Paula Monteiro Gomides

; Souza, Mariana Peixoto Guimarães Ubirajara e Silva de

; Brenol, Claiton Viegas

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Albuquerque, Cleandro Pires de

; Castro, Charlles Heldan de Moura

; Pinto, Gustavo Luiz Behrens

; Verztman, Jose Fernando

; Muniz, Luciana Feitosa

; Bertolo, Manoel Barros

; Pinto, Maria Raquel da Costa

; Louzada Júnior, Paulo

; Cruz, Vitor Alves

; Pereira, Ivanio Alves

; Freitas, Max Vitor Carioca de

; Cruz, Bóris Afonso

; Paiva, Eduardo

; Monticielo, Odirlei

; Provenza, José Roberto

; Xavier, Ricardo Machado

Advances in Rheumatology

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2021, Volume 61 elocation 70

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease that can cause irreversible joint deformities, with increased morbidity and mortality and a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected individual. The main objective of RA treatment is to achieve sustained clinical remission or low disease activity. However, up to 40% of patients do not respond to available treatments, including bDMARDs. New therapeutic targets for RA are emerging, such as Janus kinases (JAKs). These are essential for intracellular signaling (via JAK-STAT) in response to many cytokines involved in RA immunopathogenesis. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have established themselves as a highly effective treatment, gaining increasing space in the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of RA. The current recommendations aim to present a review of the main aspects related to the efficacy and safety of JAKis in RA patients, and to update the recommendations and treatment algorithm proposed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology in 2017.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-021-00228-x

Accelerated aging for evaluation of vigor in Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’ seeds
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Oliveira, Ariadne Morbeck Santos

; Nery, Marcela Carlota

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Rocha, Adriana Souza

; Cunha, Priscila Torres

Journal of Seed Science

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2020, Volume 42 elocation e202042006

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Objetivou-se, com esse estudo, adequar o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de lotes de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv Xaraés representada por quatro lotes. As sementes foram submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado tradicional e com solução saturada de NaCl, em cinco períodos de envelhecimento, 0, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Para caracterização dos lotes, foram determinados o grau de umidade, o teste de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, estande inicial, emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência. Conclui-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado possibilita a separação dos lotes pelo método com solução saturada de NaCl por 24 horas, sendo apropriado para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to adjust the accelerated aging test to evaluate the physiological potential of seed lots of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’, represented by four lots. Seeds were tested by traditional accelerated aging and with saturated NaCl solution in five aging periods: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The profile of the lots was determined by the following measures: moisture content, germination test, first germination count, germination speed index, initial stand, emergence, and emergence speed index. The accelerated aging test makes it possible to separate the lots by the method of saturated NaCl solution for 24 hours and it is appropriate for evaluation of seed physiological potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v42216691 1046 downloads

Chemical composition in soybean silages with inoculant and molasses
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Rosa, Lilian Oliveira

; Pereira, Odilon Gomes

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos

; Cecon, Paulo Roberto

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2020, Volume 21 elocation e-58211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Avaliou-se a composição bromatológica de silagens de soja sem aditivos (controle), com inoculante microbiano (I), com I + melaço (I+M) e com melaço (M). As plantas de soja foram colhidas no estádio R6 de desenvolvimento e ensiladas em silos laboratoriais de PVC, com capacidade de 2 kg. O inoculante utilizado foi o SIL ALL C4 da Alltech do Brasil associado ou não com 2,5% de melaço, na base da matéria seca. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 4 × 6 (4 aditivos × 6 períodos de fermentação) em um delineamento completamente casualizado com 3 repetições. Os períodos de fermentação avaliados foram: 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, e 56 dias. Excluindo os teores de matéria seca e de proteína bruta foi observado efeito (P<0,05) da interação aditivos e período de fermentação sobre as silagens. Observou-se maiores valores médios de matéria seca, de 290,02 g kg-1, e de proteína bruta, de 151,28 g kg-1, para as silagens I+M e M, respectivamente. Foi observado menores valores (P<0,05) de NIDN e de NIDA nas silagens I+M, de 180,47 and 125,07 g kg-1, respectivamente. A adição de inoculante associada ou não ao melaço altera a composição bromatológica de silagens de soja.

Abstract Chemical composition was assessed in soybean silages without any additive (control), with a microbial inoculant (I), with I + molasses (I+M), and with molasses only (M). Soybean plants were harvested at the reproductive 6 (R6) stage and ensiled in 2 kg-capacity PVC laboratory silos. The SIL ALL C4 inoculant produced by Alltech Brazil was used in combination with or without 2.5% molasses added to the natural matter base. A 4 × 6 factorial arrangement (4 additives × 6 fermentation periods) in a completely randomised design with 3 replications was used. The assessed fermentation periods were 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Excluding the dry matter and crude protein contents it was observed an interaction effect (P<0.05) between the additive and fermentation periods in the silages. It was observed higher average values of dry matter, equal 290.02 g kg-1, and crude protein, equal 151.28 g kg-1, to I+M and M silages, respectively. It was observed lowest values (P<0.05) to neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) contents in I+M silages, equal 180.47 and 125.07 g kg-1, respectively. The addition of inoculant associated or not with molasses improved affect the chemical composition of soybean silages.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-58211 238 downloads

Elevated prevalence of high-risk HPV in healthy oral mucosa of users and nonusers of drugs in Northeastern Brazil
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Ribeiro, Mariana Goveia Melo

; Marcolino, Larissa Doddi

; Ramos, Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade

; Trento, Cleverson Luciano

; Araujo, Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de

; Silva, José Rodrigo Santos

; Jain, Sona

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Silva, Márcia Guimarães

; Dolabella, Silvio Santana

Brazilian Oral Research

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2019, Volume 33 elocation e031

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Variable rates of HPV infection have been reported in healthy oral mucosa worldwide. The main objective of this study was to detect and genotype HPV infection in users and nonusers of drugs with clinically healthy mucosa from the Northeast Brazil. Samples from 105 patients were amplified using the primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, and genotyping was performed by multiplex-PCR for HPV-6/11, 16 and 18. A total of 81.9% samples were positive. Among drug users, 84.5% presented the virus and 20.4% showed multiple infections. Among non-drug users, 78.7% were positive and 13.5% had multiple infections. Limited information is available on oral HPV in Brazilian population, especially for drug users, and our results showed higher HPV infection rates in both users and nonusers of drugs. More studies and researches focused on drug users including factors like sexual behavior, nutrition and cultural habits are necessary to enhance the comprehension of this relationship, and develop preventive strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0031 1081 downloads

Urochloa decumbens grown with different Eucalyptus clones in an integrated crop-livestock-forest system
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Guimarães, Cíntia Gonçalves

; Pereira, Rosana Cristina

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Viana, Maria Celuta Machado

; Santos, José Barbosa dos

Revista Ciência Agronômica

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sep 2018, Volume 49 N. 3 Pages 512 - 518

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a massa de forragem, composição química, teor e extração de minerais do capim-braquiária (Urochloa decumbens) sob diferentes clones de eucalipto na integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (iLPF). Utilizou-se o esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Nas parcelas, distribuíram-se os clones de eucalipto GG 100 e I 144 (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) e VM 58 (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis), nas subparcelas, as idades de crescimento do capim-braquiária (10; 17; 24; 31; 38; 45 e 52 dias após a colheita do milho para silagem), e, nas subsubparcelas, os locais de amostragem, no centro da entrelinha e sob a copa de eucalipto. Verificou-se que os clones de eucalipto não afetaram a massa de forragem do capim-braquiária, que foi incrementada linearmente com o avanço da idade de crescimento, com maior disponibilidade no centro da entrelinha do que sob a copa das árvores. O capim-braquiária cultivado com o clone I 144 apresentou melhor composição química, com altos teores de proteína bruta e fósforo e baixo teor de fibra em detergente neutro. Não houve efeito dos clones de eucalipto na extração de minerais, somente efeito da interação tripla clones, idades e locais de amostragem na extração de potássio. Conclui-se que o capim-braquiária apresenta massa de forragem adequada para pastejo entre 38 e 52 dias após a colheita do milho em iLPF, sem comprometimento de sua composição química, na estação de outono na região Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the forage mass, chemical composition, mineral content, and mineral absorption in signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) grown with different eucalypt clones in an integrated crop-livestock-forest (iCLF) system. The split-split-plot scheme included three replicates arranged in a completely randomized block design. The eucalyptus clones GG 100 and I 144 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) and VM 58 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were distributed in the plots. The split plots corresponded to the growth ages of signal grass (10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, and 52 days after corn harvest for silage). The split-split plots corresponded to two sampling sites: center of the inter-row and soil under the Eucalyptus canopy. The Eucalyptus clones did not affect the forage mass of the grass. Forage mass was increased linearly as the grass matured and was more readily available in the center of the inter-row than under the tree canopy. The grass grown with clone I 144 presented better chemical composition, with higher levels of crude protein and phosphorus and lower levels of neutral detergent fiber. The Eucalyptus clones did not significantly affect mineral absorption. However, the Eucalyptus clones, grass age, and sampling sites significantly changed potassium absorption. It is concluded that the forage mass of signal grass is suitable for use in grazing at 38 to 52 days after corn harvest in the iCLF system in the autumn season in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, without compromising the chemical composition of the grass.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180058 881 downloads

Agronomic biofortification of carrot with selenium
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Oliveira, Vanuze Costa de

; Faquin, Valdemar

; Guimarães, Karina Carvalho

; Andrade, Fabrício Ribeiro

; Pereira, Joelma

; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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mar 2018, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 138 - 147

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O selênio (Se) é essencial para o metabolismo humano, porém, grande parte da população mundial apresenta deficiência nesse elemento. Isto pode ser revertido pelo consumo de alimentos biofortificados, uma vez que as plantas podem atuar de forma eficiente no controle do consumo excessivo e / ou acidental de um elemento que pode ocorrer nos seres humanos através do uso de suplementos dietéticos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito de formas de aplicação e fontes de Se no crescimento, produção, nutrição, características físico-químicas, teor e acúmulo de Se na cenoura. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos com quatro dm3 contendo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem aplicação do Se; duas fontes do Se: selenato e selenito; duas formas de aplicação do Se: via solo e foliar), com cinco repetições. O selenato aplicado via foliar aumenta a produção e a acidez titulável e reduz o índice de maturação das raízes. O selenito via foliar aumenta o teor de Se na parte aérea e o teor de carotenoides nas raízes de cenoura. As duas fontes de Se (selenato e selenito) e formas de aplicação (via solo ou foliar) promovem aumento do seu teor nas raízes de cenoura, porém o selenato via foliar é a fonte e forma mais efetiva. Dessa forma, é possível aumentar os teores de Se na parte comestível da cenoura e, assim, favorecer a ingestão desse elemento pela população.

ABSTRACT The selenium (Se) is essential for human metabolism, but a large part of the world’s population has deficiency in this element. This can be reversed by the consumption of biofortified foods, given that plants can efficiently act in controlling excessive and/or accidental consumption of an element that can occur in humans through the use of dietary supplements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different application forms and sources of Se in the growth, production, nutrition, physical-chemical characteristics, content and accumulation of Se in carrots. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, using pots containing 4 dm3 of Red-yellow Latosol. A completely randomized design was used in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme (with and without Se application, two sources of Se: selenate and selenite, two forms of application of Se: soil and foliar applications), with five replicates. Foliar application of selenate increased the yield and titratable acidity, reducing root ripening index. Foliar application of selenite increased the content of Se in the shoots and the content of carotenoids in the roots. Both sources of Se (selenate and selenite) and application forms (soil or foliar application) increased their content in the roots. However, the foliar application of selenate was the most effective source and form of application. Therefore, it is possible to increase the contents of Se in the edible part of carrots, favoring the consumption of this element by the population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018422031217 2312 downloads

MASSA DE FORRAGEM E CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUTURAIS E BROMATOLÓGICAS DE CULTIVARES DE Brachiaria E Panicum
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Silva, Janaina de Lima

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Herculano, Bruna Nogueira

; Pereira, Odilon Gomes

; Pereira, Rosana Cristina

; Soares, Luciana Felizardo Pereira

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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sep 2016, Volume 17 N. 3 Pages 342 - 348

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar as características estruturais, a produção de massa seca e a composição bromatológica de cultivares de Brachiaria e Panicum. O estudo foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, sendo três cultivares de Brachiaria (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cv. Marandu e cv. Xaraés) e dois cultivares de Panicum (P. maximum cv. Mombaça e cv. Tanzânia), com quatro repetições. De modo geral, maior número de folhas, comprimento laminar e perfilhos foram verificados nas cultivares Mombaça, Tanzânia e Basilisk. As cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça se destacaram na produção de massa seca, em relação a cv. Marandu, com as outras cultivares com posição intermediária, enquanto a cultivar Xaraés apresentou a maior relação lâmina/colmo. Não houve diferenças nos teores de proteína bruta entre as cultivares, enquanto os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido foram inferiores para Marandu e Xaraés. Com base nos resultados, todas as cultivares poderiam ser recomendadas, atendendo-se às suas diferentes exigências nutricionais,

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry matter production and the structural and bromatological characteristics of Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with five treatments, three cultivars of Brachiaria (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Xaraes) and two cultivars of Panicum (P. maximum cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzania), with four replications. Higher number of leaves, greater laminar length and tillers were observed in Mombaça, Tanzania, and Basilisk cultivars. Tanzania and Mombaça cultivars showed higher production of dry mass in relation to Marandu, and Xaraes cultivar showed higher leaf/stem ratio. There was no difference in crude protein content among cultivars, while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content was lower for Marandu and Xaraes. We recommend all the cultivars considering their different nutritional requirements.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v17i332914 3107 downloads

10.

Forage mass and morphological composition of Marandu palisade grass pasture under rest periods
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Anjos, Albert José dos

; Gomide, Carlos Augusto de Miranda

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Madeiro, Afrânio Silva

; Morenz, Mirton José Frota

; Paciullo, Domingos Sávio Campos

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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feb 2016, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 76 - 86

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A avaliação do potencial produtivo do pasto não é o único fator que pode ser usado para determinar a eficiência de manejo do pastejo, também é necessário considerar as características estruturais do dossel. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de dois critérios para definição do período de descanso do pasto de capim-marandu sobre a massa de forragem, a composição morfológica e as características estruturais do pasto durante a estação chuvosa. Os períodos de descanso estudados foram: fixo de 30 dias (PD30) e variável, conforme a interceptação de 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IL95). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com duas repetições de área e três repetições dentro de bloco. Os animais (vacas mestiças) foram colocados nos piquetes, logo que os pastos atingiam os critérios de manejo estabelecidos e permaneciam dentro dos mesmos durante três dias, de forma a atingir a altura de resíduo de 20-25 cm. Menor intervalo entre pastejo (22,8 vs. 30 dias), menor altura pré-pastejo (35,9 vs. 42,3 cm) e menor massa de forragem verde (4.411 vs. 5.290 kg/ha.ciclo) foram observados no pasto sob IL95. Contudo, o pasto sob IL95 apresentou maior percentual de lâmina foliar (48,3 vs. 41,1) e menor percentual de material morto (19,0 vs. 25,4) na massa de forragem pré-pastejo em relação ao pasto com PD30. O manejo do pasto de capim-marandu, baseado em período de descanso fixo de 30 dias, ao longo da estação chuvosa, compromete a estrutura do pasto, reduzindo a participação de folhas e aumentando os percentuais de colmo e material senescente na forragem disponível. A menor massa de forragem em pré-pastejo observada sob IL95 é compensada pelo maior número de ciclos de pastejo dentro da estação chuvosa.

ABSTRACT An evaluation of productive potential is not the only factor used to determine grazing management efficiency; it is also necessary to know the structural characteristics of the canopy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two management styles on Marandu palisade grass pastures under rotational stocking with respect to the herbage mass, morphological composition, and structural characteristics of the pasture. The treatments under consideration were a) a fixed rest period of 30 days (RP30) or b) a rest period based on the time necessary for the canopy to reach 95% light interception (LI95). The experimental design was a completely randomized block with two blocks and three replicates within the blocks. Animals were placed in the paddocks when the grass reached the established management criteria, which were maintained for three days to reach 25 cm in stubble height. Shorter grazing intervals (22.8 vs. 30 days), lower pre-grazing heights (35.9 vs. 42.3 cm), and lower forage masses (4,411 vs. 5,290 kg/ha.cycle) were observed in LI95 pastures. The LI95 treatment had a higher leaf percentage (48.3 vs. 41.1) and the lowest percentage of dead forage (19.0 vs. 25.4) in the pre-grazing forage mass of the pasture in relation to that of RP30. Performing pasture management based on RP30 throughout the season is harmful to the pasture structure because it reduces the leaf percentage and increases the stem and senescent material in the available forage. The lower pre-grazing forage mass observed under LI95 management is offset by more grazing cycles within the rainy season.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542016000100007 2068 downloads

11.

Fatores ambientais e parâmetros genéticos para características reprodutivas de fêmeas Nelore na região meio norte do Brasil
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SOUSA, Gioto Ghiarone Terto e

; SANTOS, Karina Rodrigues dos

; CAMPELO, José Elivalto Guimarães

; OLIVEIRA, Marcelo Richelly Alves de

; PIRES, Luanna Chácara

; PEREIRA, Rodrigo Junqueira

; SOUSA, Rogério Paes Ribeiro de

; SOUSA JÚNIOR, Severino Cavalcante de

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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jun 2015, Volume 16 N. 2 Pages 290 - 299

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e o intervalo de partos (IDP) em fêmeas da raça Nelore utilizando 23.066 registros de IPP e IDP de fêmeas criadas em regime de pasto nos estados do Maranhão e Piauí no período de 1976 a 2012. As análises foram realizadas utilizando modelo animal uni e bicaracterísticas para IPP e IDP. As médias obtidas e os coeficientes de variação para as características de idade ao primeiro parto foram 1252,77±125 dias (41,76 meses) a 10,56%; intervalo de partos 591,729±149,91 dias (19,72 meses) a 38,74%, respectivamente. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos em análise unicaracterística, sendo obtidos valores de herdabilidade em torno de 0,026 e 0,006 para IPP e IDP, respectivamente. A estimativa de repetibilidade para as características IDP em análise unicaracterística apresentou-se, de forma geral, com baixa magnitude 0,025. Na mesma ordem, para análise bicaracterística, as herdabilidades foram de 0,03 e 0,06 para IPP e IDP, e o coeficiente de repetibilidade estimado de 0,14, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre as características reprodutivas (IPP e IDP) observadas neste trabalho foram iguais a 0,06. O desempenho reprodutivo do rebanho estudado, para as condições de clima tropical, pode ser considerado satisfatório, estando em acordo com os parâmetros encontrados por outros autores em diferentes regiões.

The study was carried out to evaluate the age-at-first-calving and calving interval (IPP and IDP) in Nelore cows, using IPP and IDP data from 23,066 females reared in a grazing regime in the States of Maranhão and Piauí from 1976 to 2012. Data were analyzed statistically using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) program. The mean and coefficient of variation for the age-at-first-calving was 1252.77 ± 125 days (10.41 months; 10.56%) and, for the calving interval, values were 591.73 ± 149.91 days (12.49 months; 38.74%). Uncharacteristic analyses were used to estimate genetic parameters for heritability values, obtaining values of approximately 0.026 and 0.006 for IPP and IDP, respectively. The repeatability estimate for the IDP characteristic, as calculated by uncharacteristic analysis, had a generally low value of 0.025. Similarly, for trait analysis, heritability values were 0.03 and 0.06 for IPP and IDP, respectively, and the estimated repeatability coefficient was 0.14. The genetic correlations between the reproductive characteristics (IPP and IDP) observed in this study were equal to 0.06. The reproductive performance of the herd studied, in tropical climate conditions, can be considered to be satisfactory, in accordance with the parameters obtained by other authors in different regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402015000200003 1234 downloads

12.

Soybean silage in the diet for beef cattle
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Rigueira, João Paulo Sampaio

; Pereira, Odilon Gomes

; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Garcia, Rasmo

; Cezário, Andréia Santos

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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mar 2015, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 61 - 65

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de melaço e ou aditivo microbiano na ensilagem de soja sobre o consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho produtivo de bovinos de corte. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (dietas com silagem de soja (SS), SS com inoculante microbiano, SS com melaço e SS com inoculante microbiano e melaço) e sete repetições. Os animais foram confinados por um período de 99 dias. As dietas continham relação volumoso:concentrado de 70:30, sendo o volumoso 40% de silagem de soja e 30% de silagem de milho. Observou-se menor consumo de nutrientes na dieta contendo SS em relação à dieta SS com inoculante e melaço. Na dieta contendo SS com inoculante e melaço, foram observadas maiores digestibilidades aparentes para MS, PB, FDN, FDA e CNF. A conversão alimentar, o ganho médio diário e o ganho de carcaça não foram influenciados pelas dietas, registrando-se valores médios de 5,90; 1,49 e 0,91 kg dia-1, respectivamente. Conclui-se, que a adição de melaço na presença ou não de inoculante bacteriano à soja por ocasião da ensilagem, não afeta o desempenho de bovinos de corte, embora favoreça o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes.

This experiment evaluated the effect of molasses with or without microbial additive on soybean silage regarding the intake, digestibility and growth performance of beef cattle. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four treatments (diets with soybean silage (SS), SS with microbial inoculant, SS with molasses and SS with microbial inoculant and molasses) and seven replications. Animal were feedlot fed for 99 days. Diets contained forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30, the forage consisted of 40% soybean silage and 30% corn silage. There was lower intake of nutrients in the diet containing SS in relation to the SS diet added with inoculant and molasses. The diet containing SS with inoculant and molasses presented higher apparent digestibility for DM, CP, NDF, ADF, and NFC. Feed conversion, average daily gain and carcass gain were not influenced by the diets, with mean values of 5.90; 1.49 and 0,91 kg day-1 respectively. The addition of molasses combined or not with bacterial inoculant to soybean at the time of ensiling has no effect on the performance of beef cattle, although favoring the intake and digestibility of nutrients.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v37i1.25182 2465 downloads

13.

Leaf area and epicuticular wax content of Sida spp
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Cunha, Viviane Cristina da

; Santos, José Barbosa dos

; Guimarães, Cintia Gonçalves

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Miranda, Roqueline Rodrigues Silva de

; Silva, Daniel Valadão

; Concenço, Germani

Revista Ceres

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apr 2014, Volume 61 N. 2 Pages 172 - 177

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Características morfofisiológicas e composições químicas estão diretamente relacionadas com a maior habilidade competitiva das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análise comparativa da produção de matéria seca, de área foliar e de quantidade de cera epicuticular detrês espécies de Sida spp.: Sidaurens L.,Sida rhombifolia L.eSidaspinosa L. Essas espécies foram coletadas em três estádios fenológicos, caracterizados como V1: formação de até dez folhas completamente expandidas; V2: entre 11 folhas e antes do florescimento, e R: após florescimento. Verificou-se, para os estádios V2 e R, maior número de folhas para a espécie Sida rhombifolia, seguida por S. spinosa em V2 e S. urens em R. Esses resultados foram relativamente proporcionais à área foliar para todas as espécies. S. spinosa, na fase vegetativa, produziu os maiores valores de área foliar específica (AFE), não se observando diferenças entre as espécies avaliadas no estádio caracterizado por R. Para a quantidade de cera por unidade de área foliar, entre as espécies, num mesmo estádio, verificou-se diferença somente na fase reprodutiva, em que S. spinosa produziu valores 23,18 e 6,23 vezes maiores que os encontrados para S. urens e S. rhombifolia, respectivamente. Entre os estádios para cada espécie, observou-se decréscimo na quantidade de cera com a idade das plantas e um aumento da área foliar, AFE, do número de folhas e da massa seca. A estrutura foliar das espécies de Sida sp. avaliadas apresenta diferentes características e essas informações podem ser utilizadas para otimizar o uso dos herbicidas no controle dessas plantas daninhas.

Morpho-physiological characteristics and chemical composition are directly related to superior competitive ability of crops. This study intended to make a comparative analysis of dry matter production, leaf area and amount of epicuticular wax of three species of Sida spp: S. urens L., S. rhombifolia L. and S. spinosa L. Plants were collected at three growth stages: V1: stage described as up to 10 fully expanded leaves; V2: between 11 leaves and flowering; and R: after flowering. At stages V2 and R, the highest number of leaves was recorded for S. rhombifolia, followed by S. spinosa at V2 and S. urens at R. These results were relatively proportional to leaf area for all species. S. spinosa at the vegetative stage produced the highest values of specific leaf area (SLA), with no significant differences between species at the stage R. The amount of wax per unit of leaf area between species at the same developmental stage was significantly different only at the reproductive stage, where S. spinosa produced 23.18 and 6.23 fold more wax than S. urens and S. rhombifolia respectively. Between the growth stages of each species, there was decrease in the amount of wax with plant age and increase in leaf area (AFE), number of leaves and dry matter. The leaves of the Sida species exhibit different characteristics and this information can be used to optimize the use of herbicides in the control of these weeds.

1655 downloads

14.

Physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol and productivity of a signalgrass pasture fertilized with increasing nitrogen doses
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Souza, Igor Alexandre de

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Rocha, Wellington Willian

; Pereira, Odilon Gomes

; Cecon, Paulo Roberto

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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dec 2013, Volume 37 N. 6 Pages 1549 - 1556

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os atributos físicos e a fertilidade do solo são importantes fatores envolvidos na formação e no estabelecimento de pastagens. Mudanças nos atributos físicos interferem na movimentação de água, ar e nutrientes e crescimento de raízes, o que reflete na produtividade e longevidade dos pastos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos físicos do solo e a produtividade de massa de matéria seca de um pasto de capim-braquiária cv. Basilisk (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk), sob doses crescentes de nitrogênio, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Rio Manso da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, na cidade de Couto de Magalhães de Minas, MG. Para a avaliação da produtividade anual da forrageira, utilizou-se o esquema de parcelas subdivididas no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, com as doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg/ha/ano) nas parcelas e os anos agrícolas (1º e 2º), dispostos nas subparcelas. Para a avaliação do solo, utilizou-se o esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com as doses de nitrogênio (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 kg/ha/corte) nas parcelas e os três momentos de amostragem (antes do início do experimento, ao final do 1º ano agrícola e ao final do 2º ano agrícola) nas subparcelas, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Essa análise foi realizada separadamente, para as profundidades de coleta de solo de 0-3 e 10-13 cm. Nas amostras da planta forrageira, foi analisada a produtividade anual de massa de matéria de seca (PMS); nas amostras de solo, foram analisados pressão de pré-consolidação (σp), densidade do solo inicial (DS), volume total de poros (VTP) e índice de vazios (Ie). Concluiu-se que doses mais elevadas de nitrogênio aumentaram a produtividade de matéria seca do pasto de capim-braquíaria, assim como a pressão de pré-consolidação do solo. O volume total de poros e o índice de vazios diminuíram e a densidade do solo inicial aumentou, mas não a ponto de promover a compactação do solo.

The physical properties and fertility of the soil are important factors in the formation and establishment of pasture. Changes in physical properties affect the movement of water, air, nutrients and roots, which, in turn, affect the productivity and longevity of pastures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of the soil and the dry matter yield of a pasture with signalgrass cv. Basilisk (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk), fertilized with increasing nitrogen doses (N), on a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol. The experiment was conducted on the Fazenda Rio Manso of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, in Couto de Magalhães de Minas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To evaluate the annual forage yield, a split plot scheme in a randomized block design with four replications was used, with N doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha/year) in the plots and growing seasons (first and second) in the subplots. For soil evaluation, a split plot scheme was used with N doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha/cut) in the plots and three sampling times (prior to the experiment, at the end of the first growing season and at the end of the second growing season) in the subplots in a randomized block design with four replications. This analysis was performed separately at two soil depths (0-3 and 10-13 cm). Forage samples were analyzed for the annual dry matter yield (DMY), and soil samples were analyzed for pre-consolidation pressure (σp), initial soil bulk density (Bd), total pore volume (TPV) and void index (Vd). Higher nitrogen doses increased the dry matter yield of signalgrass pasture and the pre-consolidation pressure of the soil. The total pore volume and void index decreased, and the initial soil bulk density increased, though without promoting soil compaction.

2408 downloads

15.

The chemical composition, fermentation profile, and microbial populations in tropical grass silages
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Rigueira, João Paulo Sampaio

; Pereira, Odilon Gomes

; Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães

; Mantovani, Hilário Cuquetto

; Agarussi, Mariele Cristina Nascimento

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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sep 2013, Volume 42 N. 9 Pages 612 - 621

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation profile, chemical composition and microbial population and losses in the silages of signalgrass and Mombasa grass fertilized with the following levels of nitrogen (N): 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha. The grasses were harvested at 70 days of regrowth, chopped and then ensiled in laboratory silos that had 20 kg of capacity and a snap-top cover and were fitted with Bunsen valves. Before ensiling, samples of the plants were used for the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in epiphytic microbiota. The design adopted was a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four doses of N and two forage species, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The predominant species of LAB was Lactobacillus fermentum. The interaction between the N dose and forage species affected the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of the silages. The pH values and gas losses were influenced only by the forage species, with higher values for the Mombasa grass. For the ammonia (NH3-N) levels and effluent losses, there was an effect of the interaction between the forage species and N doses, and the highest values of NH3-N and effluent losses were found in the Mombasa grass silage fertilized with 60 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilization reduces the levels of DM and WSC in the silages and also increases the levels of CP, NH3-N and effluent losses.

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