Abstract Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU. Methodology 108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS – systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU – systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP – systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). Results At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective To detect and treat cases of viral hepatitis B, C and D in patients seen at the Native American Outpatient Clinic of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Methods This sample comprised 81 indigenous recruited between 2018 and 2020. Volunteers were aged 7 months to 70 years (mean age of 28±20 years), belonged to 26 ethnic groups spanning the Brazilian territory and answered a questionnaire, which was attached to their medical records. Peripheral blood samples (20mL) were collected, transported to the Clinical Laboratory of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, processed, and tested for markers of viral hepatitis B, C and D. Results In this study, 39 (48.1%) individuals were anti-HBs (+) only, 13 (16.0%) individuals were anti-HBs (+) and anti-HBc (+), and 28 (34.6%) individuals were negative for all markers. No anti-HBc IgM+ samples were found. No cases of hepatitis C and D were found. Conclusion This analysis provided evidence of previous infection by the hepatitis B virus. These findings led to prescription of vaccination against hepatitis B to all participants who were negative for all viral hepatitis B markers, given records of prior hepatitis B vaccination were unreliable.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Na artroscopia de ombro em regime ambulatorial, o paciente necessita de um bom controle da dor pós-operatória, que pode ser conseguido por meio de bloqueios regionais. A dexametasona perineural pode prolongar o efeito desses bloqueios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dexametasona perineural quanto ao prolongamento do bloqueio sensitivo no período pós-operatório para cirurgia artroscópica de ombro em regime ambulatorial. Métodos: Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e consentimento informado, foram incluídos no estudo pacientes submetidos a cirurgia artroscópica de ombro sob anestesia geral e bloqueio de plexo braquial interescalênico guiado por ultrassonografia. Eles foram randomizados nos Grupo D - bloqueio com 30 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5% com vasoconstritor e 6 mg (1,5 mL) de dexametasona, e Grupo C - bloqueio com 30 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5% com vasoconstritor e 1,5 mL solução salina. A duração do bloqueio sensitivo foi avaliada em quatro momentos pós-operatórios (0, 4, 12 e 24 horas), assim como a necessidade de analgesia de resgate, incidência de náuseas e vômitos e Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA). Resultados: Setenta e quatro pacientes foram randomizados e 71 completaram o estudo (Grupo C, n = 37; Grupo D, n = 34). Observou-se um prolongamento do tempo médio de bloqueio sensitivo no Grupo D (1440 ± 0 min vs. 1267 ± 164 min; p< 0,001). Pacientes do Grupo C apresentaram maior média de escore de dor de acordo com a EVA (2,08 ± 1,72vs. 0,02 ± 0,17; p< 0,001) e um maior número de pacientes solicitou analgesia de resgate nas primeiras 24 horas (68,4%vs.0%; p< 0,001). A incidência de náuseas e vômitos não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: A dexametasona perineural prolongou significativamente o bloqueio sensitivo da levobupivacaína no bloqueio de plexo braquial interescalênico, reduziu a intensidade de dor e a necessidade de analgesia de resgate pelo paciente no período pós-operatório.

Abstract Background and objectives: In shoulder arthroscopy, on an outpatient basis, the patient needs a good control of the postoperative pain that can be achieved through regional blocks. Perineural dexamethasone may prolong the effect of these blocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perineural dexamethasone on the prolongation of the sensory block in the postoperative period for arthroscopic shoulder surgery in outpatient setting. Methods: After approval by the Research Ethics Committee and informed consent, patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia and ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block were randomized into Group D - blockade performed with 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with vasoconstrictor and 6 mg (1.5 mL) of dexamethasone and Group C - 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with vasoconstrictor and 1.5 mL of 0.9% saline. The duration of the sensory block was evaluated in 4 postoperative moments (0, 4, 12 and 24 hours) as well as the need for rescue analgesia, nausea and vomiting incidence, and Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS). Results: Seventy-four patients were recruited and 71 completed the study (Group C, n = 37; Group D, n = 34). Our findings showed a prolongation of the mean time of the sensitive blockade in Group D (1440 ± 0 min vs. 1267 ± 164 min, p < 0.001). It was observed that Group C had a higher mean pain score according to VAS (2.08 ± 1.72 vs. 0.02 ± 0.17, p < 0.001) and a greater number of patients (68.4% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) required rescue analgesia in the first 24 hours. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Perineural dexamethasone significantly prolonged the sensory blockade promoted by levobupivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block, reduced pain intensity and rescue analgesia needs in the postoperative period.

RESUMO Introdução: Os ritmos circadianos podem exercer impacto no desempenho esportivo dos atletas, onde o platô ocorre entre as 15 e 21 horas. A natação é um caso peculiar, uma vez que os nadadores realizam sessões de treinamento e provas finais em competições em diferentes horários, como por exemplo, nos Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016, onde as competições semifinais e finais da natação ocorreram a partir das 22 horas. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivos: (1) apresentar o protocolo de uma intervenção realizada com atletas de elite da equipe de natação brasileira durante os Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar se o desempenho dos atletas de natação foi afetado devido aos horários das provas durante a competição. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 14 atletas da equipe de natação brasileira (masculino: n= 10; 71% e feminino: n= 4; 29%). Foi realizado acompanhamento dos atletas durante dois períodos de preparação (baseline e intervenção) para os Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016 nos meses de junho e julho de 2016. Durante a competição, foi realizado o registro do Tempo de Reação (TR) e Tempo de Prova (TP) de cada atleta nas diferentes modalidades. As estratégias de intervenção utilizadas foram: terapia de luz e higiene do sono. Os valores de TR no bloco de partida e TP foram registrados e conferidos com os resultados oficiais. Resultados: Os atletas apresentaram decréscimo no tempo total de vigília (Δ = −13%; Tamanho do Efeito (TE) = 1,0) e latência de sono (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), e aumento do tempo total de sono (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre o baseline e o período de intervenção pré-competição. Nós identificamos melhorias no TR (Δ = −2,2% à −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) ao longo da competição somente para os atletas que participaram da fase final da competição. Conclusão: Concluímos que a intervenção realizada foi efetiva para minimizar qualquer influência negativa do horário da competição sobre o TR e TP dos atletas de elite da natação brasileira. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Circadian rhythms can impact athletes' sports performance, where the plateau occurs between 15 and 21 hours. Swimming is a peculiar case, as athletes perform training and final sessions in competitions at different times, as in the Rio2016 Olympic Games for example, where the semifinal and final competitions took place from ten o'clock at night. Objectives: (1) to present the protocol of an intervention performed with elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team during the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio; (2) to find out whether the time at which the competitions were held affected the swimming performances of these athletes during the competition. Materials and Methods: Fourteen athletes of the Brazilian swimming team (males: n= 10; 71% and females: n= 4; 29%) participated in the study. They were followed up during two preparation periods (baseline and intervention) for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio during June and July 2016. During the competition, we recorded the Reaction Time (RT) and Competition Time (CT) of each athlete in different modalities. The intervention strategies used were light therapy and sleep hygiene. The values of RT at the starting block and CT were registered and conferred with the official results. Results: The athletes showed a decrease in the total time awake (Δ = −13%; Effect size [ES] = 1.0) and sleep latency (Δ = −33%; ES = 0.7), and an increase in total sleep time (Δ = 13%; ES = 1.1; p = 0.04) between the baseline and the period of the intervention, pre-competition. We identified an improvement in the RT (Δ = −2.2% to −1.0%; ES = 0.2 to 0.5) during the competition only for the athletes who participated in the competition finals. Conclusion: We conclude that the intervention carried out was effective in mitigating any negative influence of competition time on the RT and CT of elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ritmos circadianos pueden ejercer impacto en el desempeño deportivo de los atletas, donde la meseta ocurre entre las 15h y las 21 horas. La natación es un caso peculiar, ya que los nadadores realizan sesiones de entrenamiento y pruebas finales en competiciones en diferentes horarios, como por ejemplo, en los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016, en donde las competiciones semifinales y finales de natación ocurrieron a partir de las 22 horas. Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos: (1) presentar el protocolo de una intervención realizada con atletas de élite del equipo de natación brasileño durante los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar si el desempeño de los atletas de natación fue afectado debido a los horarios de las pruebas durante la competición. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 14 atletas del equipo de natación brasileño (masculino: n = 10; 71% y femenino: n= 4; 29%). Fue realizado acompañamiento de los atletas durante dos períodos de preparación (baseline e intervención) para los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016 en los meses de junio y julio de 2016. Durante la competición, se realizó el registro del Tiempo de Reacción (TR) y Tiempo de Prueba (TP) de cada atleta en las diferentes modalidades. Las estrategias de intervención utilizadas fueron: terapia de luz e higiene del sueño. Los valores de TR en el bloque de partida y TP fueron registrados y verificados con los resultados oficiales. Resultados: Los atletas presentaron disminución en el tiempo total de vigilia (Δ = −13%; Tamaño de efecto (TE) = 1,0), y latencia del sueño (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), y aumento del tiempo total de sueño (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre baseline y el período de intervención precompetición. Identificamos mejoras en el TR (Δ = −2,2% a −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) a lo largo de la competición sólo para los atletas que participaron en la fase final de la competición. Conclusión: Concluimos que la intervención realizada fue efectiva para minimizar cualquier influencia negativa del horario de la competición sobre el TR y TP de los atletas de élite de la natación brasileña. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

Abstract Objective: to verify the association of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycemic levels with the genetic variants rs1544410 and rs2228570 of the VDR gene in adolescents from the Northeast region of Brazil. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 208 adolescents from public schools in the city of João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brazil) between 15 and 19 years of age. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and analysis of polymorphisms rs1544410 and rs2228570, as well as biochemical analyses (25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium and glycemia). Results: the mean age was 17.7 (± 1.14) years. Half of adolescents had sufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the other half had insufficient/deficient vitamin. The most frequent genotypic distribution was bb and Ff and of lesser frequency BB and ff. There was a significant relationship between the genotypes of rs1544410 and glycemia values (p = 0.049) in the relationships between the genotypes BBxbb (p = 0.012) and Bbxbb (p = 0.037); (p = 0.036, OR = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.05-4.41), and in the BB+Bb group analysis when compared to the bb (p = 0.025, OR = 1.89, 95 % CI = 1.08-3.29) presented higher risk of glycemia above the median. On the other hand, when Bb+bb was analyzed in relation to BB, adolescents had a greater chance of blood glucose below the median (p = 0.025, OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.95). Conclusion: this study showed a significant relation of glycemia with the distribution of rs1544410 polymorphism genotypes.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar la asociación de las concentraciones séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D y los niveles de glucemia con las variantes genéticas rs1544410 y rs2228570 del gen VDR en adolescentes de la región noreste de Brasil. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal con 208 adolescentes de escuelas públicas en la ciudad de João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brasil) de entre 15 y 19 años de edad. Se recogieron muestras de sangre para la extracción de ADN y el análisis de los polimorfismos rs1544410 y rs2228570, así como para análisis bioquímicos (25-hidroxivitamina D, hormona paratiroidea, calcio y glucemia). Resultados: la edad media fue de 17,7 (± 1,14) años. La mitad de los adolescentes tenía niveles séricos suficientes de 25-hidroxivitamina D y la otra mitad, vitamina insuficiente/deficiente. La distribución genotípica más frecuente fue bb y Ff y la de menor frecuencia, BB y ff. Hubo una relación significativa entre los genotipos de rs1544410 y los valores de glucemia (p = 0,049) en las relaciones entre los genotipos BBxbb (p = 0,012) y Bbxbb (p = 0,037); (p = 0,036, OR = 2,15, IC 95 % = 1,05-4.41), y el análisis del grupo BB + Bb en comparación con el bb (p = 0,025, OR = 1,89, IC 95 % = 1,08-3,29) mostró un mayor el riesgo de glucemia, por encima de la mediana. Por otro lado, cuando se analizó Bb+bb en relación con la BB, los adolescentes tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de que la glucosa en sangre estuviera por debajo de la mediana (p = 0,025, OR = 0,66, IC = 0,47-0,95). Conclusión: este estudio mostró una relación significativa entre la glucemia y la distribución de genotipos de polimorfismo rs1544410.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effects of chronic vitamin D (VD) supplementation associated with regular swimming over renal histomorphometric aspects in obese rats. Thirty Wistar male rats (5 days old) were used. Twenty four rats were given subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 g/kg), and six control rats were given an equimolar saline solution. At 21-days-old, the MSG-treated rats were randomly distributed among sedentary animals (S) and exercised (E, swimming; 3x/week). These groups were subdivided into groups orally supplemented with VD (12 μg/kg; 3x/week) or not supplemented (NS), totaling Five experimental groups (n = 6 rats/group): MSG, MSG-SVD, MSG-ENS, MSG-EVD and control groups. In MSG-obese rats, there was such as a decrease in the diameter of the, glomerular tuft, Bowman’s capsule, Bowman’s space areas, and renal cortical thickness, compared to the control group. In MSG-SVD, MSG-ENS, and MSG-EVD animals, there was an increase in the cortical thickness in relation to the MSG group. In MSG-ENS and MSG-EVD animals, there was a reduction of tubular degeneration in relation to the MSG group. We conclude that physical exercise associated with Vitamin D supplementation can prevent of renal injury, increasing the thickness of the renal cortex and decrease the tubular degeneration.

In this study, we obtained and characterized a piezoelectric composite with 1-3 connectivity from castor oil polyurethane (PUR) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) rods. Two samples were obtained, one with 15% PZT volume and the other with 34% PZT volume. The ac electrical properties of the 1-3 piezoelectric composite samples demonstrated the frequency-dependence behavior of disordered solids. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was greatly influenced by the number of PZT rods and the matrix curing process. The sample with 34% PZT volume showed a higher d33 value, (246 pC/N measured after 30 d of polarization). The composites were evaluated for use in acoustic emission wave sensors for application in structural health monitoring.

Abstract Objective: this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 220 school adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was performed in the city of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. The variables studied were: 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH), dietary intake of vitamin D, anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist / height ratio (RCA) and biochemistry, total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), triglyceride (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha acid glycoprotein (AGPA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (CAT), blood pressure, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium. Enough and insufficient / deficient adolescents were compared by qui-square test and analysis of multiple lineal regression was accomplished to identify the factors cardiometabólicos associated to the concentration sérica of 25 (OH) D (p < 0,05). Results: a total of 57.3% had vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, which was more prevalent in females (79.35%). The chi-square test revealed an evident relationship between the three indicators involved in overweight assessed in this study BMI (p = 0.01), WC (p = 0.04) and AGR (p = 0.02). There was an association between the independent variable (vitamin D) and calcium and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: a high proportion of adolescents presenting insufficiency/vitamin D deficiency was ssociated with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Resumen Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre la 25-hidroxivitamina D sérica (25 [OH] D) y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes brasileños. Metodologia: se realizó un estudio transversal con 220 adolescentes escolares de 15 a 19 años en la ciudad de João Pessoa-PB, Brasil. Las variables estudiadas fueron: 25 hidroxivitamina D (25 OH), ingesta dietética de vitamina D, datos antropométricos (índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y relación cintura / altura (RCA) y bioquímica, colesterol total (TC) , Lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), triglicéridos (TG), proteína C reactiva (PCR), glicoproteína alfaácida (AGPA), malondialdehído (MDA) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT), presión arterial, Hormona paratiroidea (PTH) y calcio sérico. Se compararon adolescentes suficientes e insuficientes / deficientes mediante la prueba de qui cuadrado y se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar los factores cardiometabólicos asociados a la concentración sérica de 25 (OH) D (p < 0,05). Resultados: un 57,3% tenía insuficiencia / deficiencia de vitamina D, que era más prevalente en las mujeres (79,35%). La prueba de ji cuadrado reveló una relación evidente entre los tres indicadores involucrados en el sobrepeso evaluados en este estudio IMC (p = 0,01), WC (p = 0,04) y AGR (p = 0,02). Hubo una asociación entre la variable independiente (vitamina D) y los niveles de calcio y triglicéridos. Conclusión: una alta proporción de adolescentes con insuficiencia de deficiencia de vitamina D de 25 (OH) D se asociaron con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Conclusión: una alta proporción de adolescentes con insuficiencia/deficiencia de vitamina D se asoció con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar isolada e combinada dos nutrientes boro e cálcio e do regulador de crescimento vegetal comercial Stimulate na produção de frutos e nas trocas gasosas do pimentão. Os tratamentos foram boro; cálcio; Stimulate; boro + cálcio; boro + Stimulate; cálcio + Stimulate; boro + cálcio + Stimulate; e testemunha (água), aplicados via foliar. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. As aplicações foliares iniciaram a partir do início do florescimento das plantas (21 de dezembro de 2013), com aplicações quinzenais até 01 de março de 2014. Foram avaliadas as características de trocas gasosas: rendimento fotossintético, concentração interna de CO2 e taxa de transpiração; e as agronômicas: número e produtividade de frutos não comerciais e comerciais; e a massa média, volume e firmeza de frutos comerciais. A aplicação foliar de boro a partir do início do florescimento aumentou a fotossíntese e a produção de frutos comercializáveis de pimentão cultivado a campo. Não houve efeitos benéficos da aplicação foliar de cálcio e de Stimulate sobre as trocas gasosas e a produção de frutos de pimentão. Os efeitos mais consistentes do boro foram no aumento do número de frutos comerciais. A pulverização foliar com cálcio a partir do início do florescimento aumentou a firmeza dos frutos comerciais de pimentão.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the isolated and combined foliar application of boron, calcium, and the plant growth regulator Stimulate on fruit yield and gas exchange in bell peppers. The evaluated treatments were boron, calcium, Stimulate, boron + calcium, boron + Stimulate, calcium + Stimulate, boron + calcium + Stimulate, and control (water). The study was performed in complete randomized block design with three replicates. The applications were performed biweekly on the plant leaves from the beginning of flowering (December 21, 2013) until March 1, 2014. The analyzed gas exchange characteristics were photosynthetic yield, internal CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate. The evaluated agronomic characteristics were number and yield of marketable and non-marketable fruits, and the average mass, volume, and firmness of commercial fruits. The foliar application of boron from the beginning of flowering increased the photosynthetic yield and the yield of marketable fruits cultivated in the field. The foliar application of calcium and Stimulate did not improve gas exchange and fruit yield. The most common effects of boron were an increase in the number of marketable fruits. Moreover, foliar spraying with calcium from the beginning of flowering increased the firmness of commercial fruits

ABSTRACT Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46 µmol mL-1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02 µmol mL-1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos do tratamento cirúrgico em pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura do processo odontoide submetidos a redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) com parafusos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com nove pacientes. Avaliada a dor (escala visual analógica [EVA]) e o estado neurológico (escala de Frankel). O Neck Disability Index (NDI) e a amplitude de movimento cervical pós-operatória foram calculados. A coluna cervical foi avaliada radiologicamente (raios X e TC) nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 70 anos. Todos apresentaram fraturas do tipo IIb (classificação de Grauer), com desvio médio de 2,95 mm. Dois apresentaram lesões subaxiais. O seguimento médio foi de 30 meses. O tempo médio entre trauma e cirurgia foi de sete dias. O escore pré-operatório de Frankel foi E em todos, exceto em um paciente (B), no qual se observou uma melhoria pós-operatória de B para D. A dor pós-operatória foi 2/10 (EVA). Apresentaram incapacidade leve ou moderada (NDI) 77% pacientes. Seis pacientes recuperaram toda a amplitude de movimento cervical; a consolidação óssea levou aproximadamente 14 semanas. Foram observadas complicações de pseudartrose em dois pacientes (taxa de consolidação: 77%), um paciente necessitou reposicionamento do parafuso e um paciente, disfonia. Conclusão: O diagnóstico tardio ainda é um problema no tratamento de fraturas do odontoide, especialmente em pacientes idosos. As lesões concomitantes, especialmente em pacientes mais jovens, não são incomuns. A literatura apresenta altas taxas de consolidação com RAFI (≥ 80%), o que também foi observado no presente estudo. No entanto, o sucesso cirúrgico depende da seleção adequada do paciente e do conhecimento rigoroso da técnica. Essa patologia apresenta um prognóstico funcional reservado em médio prazo, especialmente em idosos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with odontoid fracture who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws. Methods: This was a retrospective study with nine patients. Pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) and neurological status (Frankel scale) were assessed. The neck disability index (NDI) and the post-operative cervical range of motion were calculated. The cervical spine was radiologically evaluated (X-ray and CT) pre- and postoperatively. Results: The mean age of patients was 70 years. All patients presented type IIb (Grauer classification) fractures, with a mean deviation of 2.95 mm. Two patients had subaxial lesions. The mean follow-up was 30 months. The mean time from trauma to surgery was seven days. The pre-operative Frankel score was E in all except one patient (B), in whom a post-operative improvement from B to D was observed. Post-operative pain was 2/10 (VAS). A total of 77% of patients presented a mild or moderate disability (NDI). Six patients regained full range of cervical movement, and bone union required approximately 14 weeks. Pseudarthrosis complications were observed in two patients (77% union rate), one patient presented screw repositioning and one case, dysphonia. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis is still an issue in the treatment of odontoid fractures, especially in elderly patients. Concomitant lesions, especially in younger patients, are not uncommon. The literature presents high fusion rates with ORIF (≥80%), which was also observed in the present study. However, surgical success depends on proper patient selection and strict knowledge of the technique. This pathology presents a reserved functional prognosis in the medium-term, especially in the elderly.

Introdução: Os paragangliomas (PGLs) são neoplasias neuroendócrinas que podem ocorrer em todo o corpo onde exista paraganglia. Representando 0,03% de todos os tumores, os PGLs são extremamente raros. Embora predominantemente benignos e passíveis de cura por ressecção cirúrgica, estima-se que até 6% possam ser malignos. PGLs familiares têm um modo de transmissão autossômico dominante, e uma variabilidade fenotípica significativa. Até ao momento, foram identificados três genes associados aos PGLs familiares. Todas as subunidades de codificação (D, B e C) do complexo enzima succinato desidrogenase (SDH), fazem parte do ciclo de Krebs e da cadeia transportadora de electrões. Objectivos: Pretende-se descrever uma nova frameshift mutation no gene SDHD identificado numa família com Paragangliomas do Corpo Carotídeo. Resultados: A análise de mutação do probando revelou a presença de uma nova frameshift mutation, c.549delG (p.L139Ffs), no exão 4 do gene SDHD. Ambos os descendentes herdaram essa mutação patogênica, embora num deles ainda esteja subclínico. Conclusão: Descrevemos uma nova mutação causal de frameshift na subunidade D do SDH (SDHD) numa família com Paragangliomas do Corpo Carotídeo. Esta descoberta contribui para o conhecimento do espectro mutacional do SDHD, e para ajudar o aconselhamento genético desta família. Destacamos o facto de agora ser possível oferecer a outros familiares, ainda subclínicos, um teste preditivo que permite auxiliar uma vigilância ou intervenção precoce, e consequentemente melhorar o prognóstico.

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms that can occur throughout the body wherever there is paraganglia. Representing 0.03% of all tumours, PGLs are extremely rare. Although predominantly benign and amenable to cure by surgical ressection, up to 6% can be malignant. To date, three genes have been identified that are associated with Familial PGLs. All three encode subunits (D, B and C) of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH), which is part of the Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain. We report a novel causative frameshift mutation in the subunit D of SDH (SDHD) in a family with Carotid Body Paragangliomas. This finding contributes for extending the known mutational spectrum of SDHD, and to help the genetic counseling of this family. Noteworthy, is now possible to offer to other relatives, still sub-clinical, a predictive test that would eventually aid an early surveillance/intervention for a better prognosis.

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização da mistura de reguladores vegetais, auxina, giberelina e citocinina no comportamento fisiológico e componentes produtivos de plantas de repolho híbrido Fuyutoyo®. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, avaliando-se cinco doses da mistura de reguladores vegetais, na forma do produto comercial Stimulate® (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mL p.c./100 L H2O). As aplicações de reguladores vegetais iniciaram quando as plantas apresentavam 7 a 8 folhas expandidas, realizadas quinzenalmente, totalizando-se ao longo do ciclo, cinco aplicações. Avaliaram-se as medidas de trocas gasosas; massa fresca, diâmetro e firmeza das cabeças; e número de folhas. Conclui-se que aplicações de 200 mL da mistura de reguladores vegetais p.c./100 L H2O, promoveram maior rendimento fotossintético (21,40 µmol CO2/m2/s), massa fresca (3,46 kg), diâmetro vertical e horizontal (13,23 e 16,61 cm), número de folhas (30,95) e firmeza da “cabeça” (54,48 N). Recomenda-se para escolha da melhor dose, avaliar a que segmento do mercado será direcionado o produto.

ABSTRACT In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of using the mixture of plant growth regulators auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin in the physiological behavior and productive components of cabbage plants hybrid Fuyutoyo®. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, evaluating five doses of the mixture of plant growth regulators, in the form of the commercial product Stimulate® (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL p.c./100 L H2O). The spray applications of plant growth regulators started when the plants presented 7-8 expanded leaves, carried out fortnightly, totaling five applications along the cycle. The authors evaluated gas exchange measures; fresh mass, diameter and firmness of “heads”; and number of leaves. The study concluded that applications of 200 mL of the mixture of plant growth regulators p.c/100 L H2O promoted higher photosynthetic yield (21.40 µmol CO2/m2/s), and fresh mass (3.46 kg), vertical and horizontal diameter (13.23 and 16.61 cm), number of leaves (30.95) and firmness of the “head” (54.48 N). The authors recommend, in order to choose the best dose, to analyze to which market segment the product will be directed.

ABSTRACT Sodium chloride is traditionally used as a food additive in food processing. However, because of its high sodium content, NaCl has been associated with chronic diseases. Margarine is a popular product that is used in several preparations, but it includes high sodium content; therefore, it is among the products whose sodium content should be reduced. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce margarines with reduced sodium content prepared using a salt mixture. The following 4 margarine formulations were prepared: Formulation A (control - 0% sodium reduction), Formulation B (20.8% less sodium), Formulation C (33.0% less sodium) and Formulation D (47.4% less sodium). The low sodium formulations were produced using a salt mixture consisting of NaCl, KCl, and monosodium glutamate at different concentrations. The margarines were evaluated using an acceptance test and descriptive tests: time-intensity and temporal dominance of sensations. The mixture used is a good alternative for preparing low sodium margarine because the low sodium formulations feature equal salinity and do not produce a strange or bad taste. Furthermore, it may be possible to prepare margarines with up to 47.4% less sodium and that are acceptable to consumers.

Introdução: O fator de crescimento do fibroblasto 23 (FGF-23) induz fosfatúria. A sua importância clínica ultrapassa o seu impacto na doença óssea da doença renal, associando-se, segundo alguns autores, à calcificação vascular e à mortalidade. Nos doentes em diálise peritoneal (DP), a função renal residual (FRR) é responsável por uma fracção significativa da excreção do fósforo. O nosso objectivo foi testar se o FGF -23 se relaciona com o débito do filtrado glomerular (DFG) e a excreção de fosfato nesta fase tardia da DRC(5d), focando a sua relação com calcificação vascular. Métodos: O FGF-23 (C terminal) foi medido em 40 doentes prevalentes em DP com função renal residual, com idade de 61.5 (51,0-67,0) anos, em tratamento substitutivo da função renal há 43,5 (23-80,0) meses. Destes doentes, 36,6% eram do sexo feminino 19,5 % tinham diabetes mellitus e 37,5% estavam sob regime de DP automática; 80% iniciaram diálise com DP; apenas 20% estiveram previamente sob outra técnica substitutiva da função renal. Foram exploradas variáveis clínicas relevantes, nomeadamente fosfato dietético, parâmetros ósseos, 25-hidroxivitamina D, magnésio (Mg), DFG, fosfatúria, fração excrecional de fosfato (FEP), albumina, proBNP e o score de calcificação vascular de Adragão. Resultados: Os valores medianos (IQ 25-75) das variáveis séricas foram: FGF-23 1997 (1623-2149) RU/ mL, Mg 0,9 (0,8-1,0) mmol/L, 25-hidroxivitamina D 30 (18-47) nmol/L, cálcio 2,2 (2,0-2,4) mmol/L, fósforo 1,7 (1,3-1-,9) mmol/L, PTH 429 (309-626) pg/mL. O FGF-23 correlacionou-se positivamente com o fósforo sérico (r = 0,39, p = 0,013) e negativamente com o volume de urina (r = -0,48, p = 0,001), fosfatúria (r = -0,594, p < 0,0001) e DFG (r = -0,61, p < 0,0001). No entanto, não se verificou qualquer relação significativa com idade, tempo em terapêutica da substituição da função renal, fósforo dietético, FEP, Mg ou 25-hidroxivitamina D. O grupo com valor elevado de FGF-23 apresentava aumento da FEP. O DFG foi preditor independente de aumento do FGF-23. Por outro lado, nem o FGF-23 nem o rácio baixo FEP/FGF-23 se associaram significati- vamente com o score de calcificação vascular. A albumina (baixa), o magnésio (baixo) e o proBNP (elevado) foram significativamente diferentes em doentes calcificados quando comparados com não calcificados (todos com p < 0,05). Conclusões: No nosso estudo não foi confirmada a associação do FGF-23 com a calcificação vascular. O DFG foi o único preditor independente do aumento de FGF-23 em doentes sob diálise peritoneal com função renal residual. O aumento do FGF-23 sinaliza um processo fosfatúrico ativo, compensatório face à perda de FRR, tal como é expresso pelo aumento da fracção excrecional de fósforo. Poderá alertar para oportuna optimização da dieta e da terapêutica no âmbito do metabolismo fosfocálcico. No entanto a sua associação com calcificação vascular permanece por validar

Introduction and Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) induces phosphaturia. Its clinical impact is beyond mineral bone disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD), being coupled with vascular calcification and mortality. Residual renal function (RRF) is associated with significant capacity to excrete phosphate in peri- toneal dialysis (PD). Besides testing whether FGF-23 is still related with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and phosphate excretion in this late stage of CKD (5d), we aimed to explore its link with vascular calcification. Subjects and Methods: FGF-23 (C terminal) was measured in forty prevalent PD patients with RRF, aged 61.5 (51.0-67.0) years old, in renal replacement therapy (RRT) for 43.5 (23-80.0) months; 36.6% were female, 19.5% had diabetes mellitus and 37.5% were under automated PD regimen; 80% were on PD first, and only 20% had previous RRT. Relevant variables including dietary phosphate (P) intake, CKD-bone laboratory parameters, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, magnesium (Mg) levels, GFR, urinary phosphate, fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEP), albumin, proBNP and Adragão vascular calcification score were explored. Results: Median levels (25-75% range) of serum variables were: FGF-23 1997 (1623-2149) RU/mL, Mg 0.94 (0.8-1.0) mmol/L, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 30 (18-47) nmol/L, calcium 2.2 (2.0-2.37) mmol/L, phosphorus 1.69 (1.30-1.90) mmol/L, PTH 429 (309-626) pg/mL. FGF-23 correlated positively with serum phosphate (r = 0.39, p = 0.013) and negatively with urine volume (r = -0.48, p = 0.001), phosphaturia (r = -0.594, p < 0.0001) and GFR (r =-0.61, p < 0.0001). However, FGF-23 was not significantly correlated with age, total time of RRT, dietary P, FEP, Mg, nor 25-hydroxyvitamin D. High FGF-23 group had higher FEP. GFR was the single inde- pendent predictor of increased FGF-23. On the other hand, neither FGF-23 nor low FEP/FGF-23 ratio were significantly associated with the vascular calcification score. Only albumin (lower), magnesium (lower) and proBNP (higher) levels significantly differed in calcified versus non-calcified patients (all with p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our population, FGF-23 was not associated with vascular calcification. GFR was the single independent predictor of increased FGF-23 in patients with diuresis. Increment of FGF-23 in PD patients signalizes an active endocrine phosphaturic process compensating renal function loss, as expressed by higher fractional excretion of phosphorus. It alerts for dietetic and therapy optimization. However, its link with vascular calcification still lacks validation