ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypertensive patients are frequently encountered in routine dental practice and exodontia procedures. Possibility of cardiovascular complications can be anticipated in these patients. This study compares blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, in normotensive and hypertensive patients prior to, during and after dental extractions. Patients and methods: A prospective comparative study was carried out in 100 (N = 100) patients between the age group of 40-70 years. 50 patients diagnosed with Stage I hypertension and 50 patients who were normotensives, requiring extraction of tooth were recruited. They were further divided into four groups namely, A, B, C and D, each consisting of 25 (n = 25). Group A included patients with controlled hypertension who were administered local anesthesia with epinephrine, while Group B had patients with controlled hypertension who were administered local anesthesia without epinephrine. Group C had normotensive patients who were administered local anesthesia with epinephrine and normotensive patients who were administered local anesthesia without epinephrine were under group D. The patients were evaluated at preoperative, intra operatively and post-operative interval for blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. Results: The sample consisted of 42 males and 58 females with a mean age of 42.6, 49.9, 40.6 and 31.6 years in group A, B, C and D respectively. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was increased after administration of anesthetic in all four group and decreased lower than baseline level after the surgical procedure. Heart rate was also found to be increased in all groups. A significant difference in peripheral oxygen saturation levels between group A and group B was observed post operatively. Conclusion: The use of epinephrine in local anesthetics have no significant role in altering the blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive as well as normotensive patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con frecuencia, en la práctica dental habitual y en los procedimientos de exodoncia se encuentran pacientes hipertensos. En estos pacientes se pueden anticipar posibles complicaciones cardiovasculares. Este estudio compara la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardiaca y la saturación de oxígeno periférico en pacientes normotensos e hipertensos antes, durante y después de las extracciones dentarias. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo prospectivo en 100 pacientes (n = 100) entre un grupo de edad de 40-70 años. Se reclutaron 50 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión en estadio I y 50 pacientes normotensos que requirieron extracción dentaria. Se dividieron además en cuatro grupos, A, B, C y D, cada uno de los cuales constaba de 25 (n = 25). El grupo A incluyó pacientes con hipertensión controlada a los que se les administró anestesia local con epinefrina, mientras que el grupo B tenía pacientes con hipertensión controlada a los que se les administró anestesia local sin epinefrina. El grupo C tenía pacientes normotensos a los que se les administró anestesia local con epinefrina y los pacientes normotensos a los que se les administró anestesia local sin epinefrina estaban en el grupo D. En el intervalo preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y postoperatorio se evaluaron la presión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y saturación de oxígeno periférico de los pacientes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo formada por 42 hombres y 58 mujeres con una edad media de 42,6, 49,9, 40,6 y 31,6 años en los grupos A, B, C y D, respectivamente. Tanto la presión arterial sistólica como la diastólica aumentó después de la administración de anestésico en los cuatro grupos y disminuyó por debajo del nivel inicial después del procedimiento quirúrgico. También se encontró que la frecuencia cardiaca aumentó en todos los grupos. Después de la operación, se observó una diferencia significativa en los niveles de saturación de oxígeno periférico entre el grupo A y el grupo B. Conclusión: El uso de adrenalina en anestésicos locales no tiene un papel significativo en la alteración de la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca de pacientes hipertensos y normotensos.

Abstract A fast, reproducible, and sensitive method is proposed for the kinetic determination of carbocisteine (CCys). The method depends on the inhibitory property of carbocisteine, which reduces the Hg2+ catalyzed substitution rate of cyanide from [Ru(CN)6]4- with N-R-salt (1-Nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt) via forming a stable complex with Hg2+. Spectrophotometric measurements were carried out by recording the absorbance at 525 nm (λmax of [Ru(CN)5 Nitroso-R-Salt]3- complex) at a fixed time of 10 and 15 min under the optimized reaction conditions with [N-R-salt] = 4.5 × 10-4 M, I = 0.05 M (KNO3), Temp = 45.0 ± 0.2 o C, pH = 7.0 ± 0.03, [Hg2+] = 8.0 × 10-5 M and [Ru(CN)6 4-] = 4.25 × 10-5 M. With the proposed method, CCys can be determined quantitatively down to 3.0 × 10-6 M. This methodology can be effectively used for the rapid quantitative estimation of CCys in the pharmaceutical samples with good accuracy and reproducibility. The addition of common excipients in pharmaceuticals even up to 1000 times with [CCys] does not interfere significantly in the estimation of CCys.

Resumen Se propone un método rápido, reproducibley sensible para la determinación cinética de la carbocisteina (CCys). El método depende de la propiedad inhibitoria de la carbocisteina que reduce la tasa de sustitución catalizada por Hg2+ del cianuro de [Ru(CN)6]4- con la sal N-R (sal disódica del ácido 1-Nitroso-2-naftol-3,6-disulfónico) mediante la formación de un complejo estable con Hg2+. Las mediciones espectrofotométricas se llevaron a cabo registrando la absorbancia a 525 nm (λmax del complejo [Ru(CN)5 Sal-Nitroso-R]3-) en un tiempo fijo de 10 y 15 min en las condiciones de reacción optimizadas con [sal-NR] = 4.5 × 10-4 M, I = 0.05 M (KNO3), Temp = 45.0 ± 0.2 o C, pH = 7.0 ± 0.03, [Hg2+] = 8.0 × 10-5 M y [Ru(CN)6 4-] = 4.25 × 10-5 M. Con el método propuesto, CCys se puede determinar cuantitativamente hasta 3,0 × 10-6 M. Esta metodología se puede utilizar eficazmente para la estimación cuantitativa rápida de CCys en las muestras farmacéuticas con buena precisión y reproducibilidad. La adición de excipientes comunes en productos farmacéuticos incluso hasta 1000 veces con [CCys] no interfiere significativamente en la estimación de CCys.

Edge dislocations within the plastic zone ahead of a crack tip form accelerated electric line dipoles which give rise to the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emissions in metal and alloys. This paper reports an experimental investigation to determine EMR radiation during incremental microforming of a thin aluminum sheet. The EMR signals emit from aluminum grade Al3003 during deformation under unrestricted quasi-static micro-deformation is reported. The EMR emission characteristics are influenced by the microstructural changes rather than forming parametric conditions. The EMR emissions are followed by micro-deformation locally in predetermined loci in continuous deformation pattern through a rotating tool with two different depths. The nature, amplitude and frequency of the observed EMR emissions are in conformity with the predictions of the theoretical model developed by the Misra and co-authors.24-29

Resumen:La producción de leguminosas resistentes a sequías como Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna aconitifolia y Macrotyloma uniflorum, puede permanecer inactiva durante décadas debido a su alta susceptibilidad a enfermedades en las raíces. Además, hay información limitada relacionada con el diagnóstico molecular y la variabilidad genética intraespecífica de patógenos de raíces en estas leguminosas resistentes a sequías. Para contribuir en esta área, evaluamos un total de 52 extractos de 88 raíces infectadas con patógenos fúngicos en los distritos de Jodhpur, Jaipur y Bikaner de Rajastán. Las muestras de raíces infectadas se analizaron siguiendo los métodos estándar de microbiología para extracción y purificación de hongos y para estudios genéticos. Independientemente del sitio donde se recolectaron las muestras contaminadas, todos los extractos patógenicos se agruparon en dendrogramas RAPD en cada uno de sus respectivos géneros. El filograma, basado en alineamiento de secuencias múltiples reveló que distintos géneros (Fusarium, Neocosmospora y Syncephalastrum) separados entre ellos y especies del mismo género se agrupan con sus secuencias de referencia con valores de bootstrap significativos. De cada 20 extractos representantes de cada agrupamiento y todos los grupos externos secuenciados, ocho fueron identificados molecularmente como Neocosmospora vasinfecta, dos como Fusarium acutatum, una como Syncephalastrum monosporum, una como Fusarium oxysporum y una como Fusarium. Los patógenos de estas leguminosas resistentes a sequías no están restringidos por la localidad ni por un hospedero específico. Fusarium solani que marchita el frijol de vaca y pudre la semilla de Vigna aconitifolia, F. oxysporum que marchita a Vigna aconitifolia, F. acutatum que marchita a Vigna unguiculata y Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Fusarium sp. que pudre la semilla de Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Neocosmospora striata que pudre la raíz de Vigna unguiculata y marchita a Cyamopsis tetragonoloba y, Syncephalastrum monosporum que pudre la raíz en Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, fueron identificados molecularmente como nuevos registros de patógenos fúngicos que causan daños en las raíces de leguminosas resistentes a sequías.

Abstract:The productivity of arid legumes, such as Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) and Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), may remain stagnant over decades because of their high susceptibility to root diseases. Besides, there is a limitation on the information about molecular diagnosis and intraspecific genetic variability of root pathogens in arid legumes. To contribute in this field, we assessed a total of 52 isolates from 88 root samples that were found infected with fungal pathogens in Jodhpur, Jaipur and Bikaner Districts of Rajasthan. Diseased roots samples were analyzed following standard microbiological methods for fungus extraction and purification, and for genetic studies. Irrespective of the geographical location from where the diseased samples were collected, all pathogen isolates were clustered in RAPD dendrograms as per their respective genera. Phylogram, based on multiple sequence alignment, revealed that different genera (i.e. Fusarium, Neocosmospora and Syncephalastrum), separated from each other, and species within the same genera, clustered together with their reference sequences with apreciable bootstrap values. Out of 20 representative isolates representing each cluster and all outgroups sequenced, eight were molecularly identified as Neocosmospora vasinfecta, five as Fusarium solani, two as Neocosmospora striata, two as Fusarium acutatum, one as Syncephalastrum monosporum, one as Fusarium oxysporum and one as Fusarium species. The root pathogens of the arid legumes were found neither restricted to a geographical location nor were host specific in nature. Fusarium solani wilt in cowpea and seedling rot in moth bean, F. oxysporum wilt in moth bean, F. acutatum damping off in cowpea and Clusterbean, Fusarium sp. seedling rot in Clusterbean, Neocosmospora striata root rot in cowpea and wilt in Clusterbean and Syncephalastrum monosporum root rot in Clusterbean were molecularly identified as new fungal records as pathogens causing root diseases in arid legumes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1505-1518. Epub 2016 December 01.

A case of extensive chromoblastomycosis of the right leg and thigh with verruciform to nodular lesions evolving rapidly over five years duration is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by visualizing pathognomonic pigmented muriform bodies with unique septate hyphae and mycological culture yielding Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Uma bactéria produtora de protease alcalina extracelular, moderadamente ativa no frio, foi isolada da água de um lago. Trata-se de um bacilo Gram positivo, identificado como Bacillus cereus MTCC6840. A maior produção da enzima foi em 24h a 25ºC e pH 9,0. A produção máxima de protease (120 U/ml) ocorreu quando foi utilizada frutose como fonte de carbono e uma combinação de extrato de levedura com peptona como fonte de nitrogênio. Fe++ e Co++ estimularam a atividade da enzima, enquanto Ca++, Cu++, K+,Mg++ e Mn++ tiveram efeito inibitório, com intensidades diferentes. A protease permaneceu estável na presença de NaCl, SDS e acetona. O tratamento com EDTA e PMSF causou uma significativa perda na atividade. A enzima apresentou atividade ótima em pH 9,0 e temperatura de 20ºC.

A moderately cold active, extracellular alkaline protease producing bacterium was isolated from a fresh water lake. The isolate was found to be a gram-positive, rod shaped organism later identified as Bacillus cereus MTCC 6840. The bacterium produced the maximum amount of enzyme when allowed to grow for 24 h at temperature 25º and pH 9.0. Among a variety of substrates used, fructose as a carbon source and a combination of yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen source, supported the maximum protease production by the organism (120 U/ml). Fe++ and Co++ stimulated the enzyme activity whereas Ca++, Cu++, K+, Mg++ and Mn++ inhibited it to different extents. The protease was found to be highly stable in the presence of NaCl, SDS and acetone. Treatment with EDTA and PMSF resulted in the considerable loss of enzyme activity. The enzyme was found to be optimally active at pH 9.0 and temperature 20ºC.