BACKGROUND The parasite Giardia duodenalis infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H). Zoonotic assemblages A and B have already been identified in humans and wild and domestic animals (non-human primates and cats) from Brazilian Amazon and in the world. Due to its zoonotic/zooanthroponotic nature, surveillance initiatives and the definition of Giardia assemblages are important in order to characterise the epidemiological scenario and to implement further control measures. OBJECTIVES Determine assemblages of G. duodenalis in sloths from the Brazilian Amazon Region. METHODS Faecal parasitological examination of sloths from Amazonas State. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the beta giardin (BG), and genes from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. FINDINGS Here, we identified, by microscopy, Giardia in two northern sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). These two samples were submitted to molecular assays and it was revealed that both were infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to assemblage A within sequences from humans and wild and domestic animals. CONCLUSION Therefore, besides showing, by the first time, the current presence of this parasite in sloths, our findings reveals that this wild animal species would be part of the zoonotic/zooanthroponotic scenario of this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon.

Abstract Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

Resumo As florestas urbanas apresentam infinidades de benefícios, podendo atuar como uma ferramenta para conservação ex-situ. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico de uma floresta urbana pública, com o intuito de oferecer subsídios para o manejo e garantir que a arborização possa cumprir com funções sociais, estéticas e ecológicas. O levantamento foi desenvolvido em 6 praças e 5 canteiros centrais do Bairro Jardins. As espécies foram classificadas quanto a sua origem fitogeográfica e forma de dispersão de sementes. Foram determinados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’), dominância de Simpson (D’) e equabilidade de Pielou (J). Ao todo foram identificados 507 indivíduos, pertencentes a 12 famílias e distribuídos em 29 espécies, sendo 13 nativas e 16 exóticas. A família que apresentou maior riqueza em número de espécies foi a Fabaceae (36%). Quanto à classificação da síndrome de dispersão, a mais ocorrente foi por zoocoria (52%). Os índices ecológicos calculados do bairro mostraram ocorrência de média diversidade de espécies (H’ = 2.2284), dominância elevada (D’ = 0.7899) e médio equilíbrio do número de indivíduos (J) de 0.6552. Embora o bairro Jardins tenha sido planejado, a floresta urbana nessa área ainda precisa de melhorias; tais como medidas de incentivo que podem promover a biodiversidade e a aplicação de conservação ex-situ.

Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

ABSTRACT Objective To create an instrument to assess smoking-related health literacy among smokers, and to estimate validity of its content and reliability. Methods A methodological, quantitative study. The creation of the instrument included the following steps: establishing a conceptual structure; defining objectives and target population; preparation of items or response scales; selecting and organizing items; instrument structuring; content validation and pre-test. The instrument was named Smoking-related Health Literacy Assessment Scale. Results The Smoking-related Health Literacy Scale had statistically significant measures of validity and reliability. Test-retest revealed substantial to almost perfect levels of reliability (reproducibility). Conclusion The Smoking-related Health Literacy Scale can provide researchers with a valid and statistically significant instrument, regarding content validity and reliability.

Abstract Studies have shown that Caesalpinia pulcherrima extracts promote antioxidant, healing, immunomodulating and antiparasitic activities and its polysaccharides can be used as functional food. In this sense, this work had as objective the isolation and characterization of a polysaccharide-like pectin, extracted from the C. pulcherrima leaves and its possible applications as an antioxidant and immunomodulator agent. The molecule was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its antioxidant potential was evaluated through the methods of phosphomolybdenum, ABTS radical scavenging [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid], DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical. The immunostimulating effects of pectin were tested in splenocytes to evaluate its toxic, proliferative and cell activator and immunomodulatory potential. The polysaccharide obtained has structural characteristics similar to pectins. Pectin showed high in vitro antioxidant activity for ABTS radical scavenging, moderate activity for phosphomolybdenum and low activity for DPPH and nitric oxide. In vitro immunomodulation assays showed that pectin obtained did not promote a cytotoxic effect (viability > 90%). The increase in cytosolic ROS levels indicates a possible mechanism of cell activation without causing damage. Immunophenotyping showed that pectin increased a subpopulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, it promoted a mostly pro-inflammatory response confirmed by the production of cytokines IL-2, -4, -6, IFN-γ and TNF-α. These results reinforce the ethnopharmacological use of C. pulcherrima leaves and expand the use of this plant for future applications as herbal medicines.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar as correlações entre as características do fruto e da polpa de uma cultivar comercial de maracujá-amarelo (FB 200) infectada com o cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). A infecção natural foi constatada após o início da floração. Os parâmetros peso, comprimento, diâmetro, espessura da casca, rendimento de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação de sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável foram avaliados. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados composto por 20 parcelas, com cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos a análises descritivas à correlação de Pearson a 1 e 5% de significância. O CABMV diminuiu a qualidade e as características físicas dos frutos, mas estes ainda podem ser destinados às indústrias de processamento de sucos. Correlações positivas significativas foram observadas entre muitos parâmetros avaliados.

Abstract This work aimed to characterize and evaluate the correlations between fruit and pulp characteristics of a commercial cultivar of yellow passion fruit (FB 200) infected with the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The observation of natural infection occurred after the beginning of flowering. The parameters weight, length, and diameter, peel thickness, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and the soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio were evaluated. A completely randomized block design composed of 20 plots with five replications was adopted. The data were subject to descriptive analyses and Pearson’s Correlation at 1 and 5% of significance. CABMV has decreased the quality and physical characteristics of fruits, but they still could be destined for juice processing industries. Many parameters of the fruits presented significant positive correlations.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of a progressive resistance training (PRT) intervention on postural balance and concerns about falling in older adults. This study is a randomized controlled trial. Fifty men and women, community-dwelling older adults (aged 60 and older), were randomly assigned to a PRT (n= 25) or control group (n= 25). Participants allocated to the PRT performed a supervised RT program for 12-weeks (three times per week; three sets of 10-15 repetition maximum of nine whole-body exercises). Control group participants did not perform any structured exercise. Outcomes were obtained at baseline and follow-up and included postural balance assessment using the centre of pressure (CoP) variables. Concerns about falling and leg extension muscle strength were also evaluated using the falls efficacy scale international (FESI) and 1-RM, respectively. At the end of the intervention, PRT did not improve anteroposterior and mediolateral amplitude and velocity, and total velocity and area of CoP in any condition (bipodal, with eyes open and closed — p> 0.05 for all) or concerns about falling (mean difference: +1 point; 95%CI −2; +5). Conversely, compared with the control group, participants in the PRT demonstrated muscle strength gains in the leg extension exercise (+19 kg; 95%CI +3; +35) after the intervention. In summary, 12-weeks of PRT did not improve postural balance or concerns about falling in healthy older adults.

ABSTRACT During ripening, many transformations occur in passion fruits. The ripening stage affects fruit quality and post-harvest properties. Fruits with 65% yellow epidermis present chemical characteristics that meet industrial standards, facilitating harvest estimations and loss avoidance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest properties of passion fruit species (genotypes of the yellow passion fruit and sweet passion fruit, and yellow passion fruit cultivar FB 200) during ripening. The fruits were evaluated by the color of the epidermis and the chemical characteristics of the pulp (titratable acidity, vitamin C, carotenoids, soluble solids content, and ratio). This experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design and a split-plot arrangement, where the plots were the species and the subplots were the evaluation periods (50, 58, 66, 74 and 82 days after anthesis), with four replications and 10 fruits per plot. The yellow passion fruit genotype and cultivar, harvested at 82 days after anthesis, presented desirable characteristics for the juice industry and for fresh consumption. The sweet passion fruit had a higher soluble solids content and titratable acidity ratio because of its high content of soluble solids and low acidity, which translate to a better fruit flavor.

RESUMEN Durante la maduración del maracuyá, se producen muchas transformaciones. La etapa de maduración afecta a la calidad de la fruta y a las propiedades poscosecha. Se sabe que los frutos con un 65% de epidermis amarilla presentan características químicas dentro del estándar requerido por la industria, lo que permite anticipar la cosecha y evitar pérdidas. Así, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades postcosecha de especies de fruta de la pasión (amarilla, dulce y el cv. FB 200) durante la maduración. Los frutos fueron evaluados por el color de la epidermis y las características químicas de la pulpa (acidez titulable, vitamina C, carotenoides, sólidos solubles y proporción). El experimento se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo de parcelas subdivididas, donde las parcelas constituyen las especies y las subparcelas constituyen los períodos de evaluación (50, 58, 66, 74 y 82 días después de la antesis), con cuatro repeticiones y 10 frutos por parcela. Los frutos del genotipo de maracuyá amarilla y el cultivar cosechados 82 días después de la antesis presentan características deseables ya sea para la industria del jugo o para consumo fresco. La fruta de la pasión dulce presenta una mayor proporción entre sólidos solubles y acidez titulable, debido a su alto contenido en sólidos solubles y bajo contenido de acidez, lo que implica un gran sabor a fruta.

Abstract Introduction The use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine is formally indicated in cases of chronic autoimmune diseases. However, the use of these medications has already been associated with possible transitory or definitive alterations in hearing function and/or vestibular function in humans, when administrated in the short and long terms. Objective To describe, through a literature analysis, the functional vestibular and/or hearing alterations, caused by the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in youths and adults. Data Synthesis In total, 2,481 studies were identified in the initial search: out of these 32 were selected for a full-text reading, and 9 were selected after the exclusion of those which did not meet the eligibility criteria. Of these, four articles pointed to the presence of vestibular and auditory-associated alterations, three indicated only auditory pathologies, and two, vestibular disorders. Regarding the auditory alterations, tinnitus was the most frequent symptom, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was described in most studies, varying in degree from mild to severe. As for the vestibular alterations, vertigo was the most reported symptom. Conclusion Knowledge of the auditory and vestibular effects after the use of these substances can help in the decision regarding the best treatment, enabling the consideration of other available therapies for patients at risk of suffering those alterations, reducing the risk of auditory and vestibular disorders.

RESUMO Objetivo descrever, por meio de revisão da literatura, alterações auditivas e/ou vestibulares relacionadas ao uso em curto ou em longo prazo da mefloquina. Estratégia de pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Embase, OpenGrey, DissOnline e OAlster. Critérios de seleção foram incluídos estudos com participantes a partir de 18 anos de idade, que fizeram uso de mefloquina e que foram submetidos à avaliação auditiva e/ou questionário referente à função auditiva e vestibular. Foram excluídas revisões de literatura, capítulos de livros e estudos que utilizaram a mefloquina combinada a outros medicamentos. Resultados foram identificados 1.267 estudos nas bases de dados utilizadas, sendo selecionados 28 artigos para leitura completa. Destes, 12 foram incluídos na revisão, de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Quatro artigos apontaram a presença de alterações vestibulares e auditivas, 2 indicaram apenas alterações auditivas e 6 apenas desordens vestibulares. No que se refere às manifestações auditivas, zumbido e perda auditiva foram os sintomas mais frequentes. Vertigem/tontura e desequilíbrio corresponderam às alterações vestibulares comumente apresentadas. Conclusão manifestações auditivas e vestibulares foram referidas em curto e longo prazo, após o tratamento com a droga. A descontinuação de seu uso possibilitou a reversão das manifestações, porém, em alguns casos, foi observada a permanência das afecções. Considera-se importante a realização de acompanhamento audiológico e vestibular durante a ingestão da mefloquina, visto o seu perfil de toxicidade e possíveis manifestações colaterais de caráter auditivo e vestibular.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe through a literature review auditory and/or vestibular alterations associated with the short or long-term use of mefloquine. Research strategy Integrative review performed on the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Embase, Open Grey, DissOnline, OAlster. Selection Criteria The articles selected included studies with participants that were 18 years old or over, who used mefloquine and who were submitted to an auditory evaluation and/or a questionnaire regarding auditory and vestibular function. Literature reviews, book chapters, and studies using mefloquine associated with other drugs were excluded. Results 1,267 studies were identified in the databases used, 28 articles were selected for full reading, and out of these, twelve were included in the review according to the eligibility criteria. Four articles pointed out the presence of vestibular and auditory diseases, two indicated only auditory disorders, and six solely vestibular disorders. Regarding auditory manifestations, tinnitus and hearing loss (HL) were the most frequent symptoms. Vertigo/dizziness and imbalance matched to the vestibular changes were commonly observed. Conclusion Auditory and vestibular manifestations were referred to in the short and long-term after treatment with the drug. The discontinuation of its use made it possible to reverse the manifestations; however, in some cases, the permanence of the disorders was reported. Audiological and vestibular follow-up during mefloquine use is considered important, given its toxicity profile and possible side manifestations of an auditory and vestibular nature.

Resumo Introdução: O potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico com estímulo de fala (PEATE-fala) tem sido aplicado para observar como os sons da fala se manifestam no tronco encefálico. Essa ferramenta pode ser usada em crianças na avaliação do processamento auditivo central, permite intervenções preventivas e precoces. Objetivo: Conhecer os resultados encontrados no potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico com estímulo de fala na população pediátrica com e sem transtornos de linguagem oral, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura. Método: As buscas foram feitas nas bases de dados científicos Portal BVS, Pubmed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo e Web of Science, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, OpenDoar, OAIster e The New York Academy of Medicine. Foi feita revisão sistemática da literatura, com os descritores auditory evoked potentials, children e seus sinônimos, combinados pelos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Foi usado o filtro de pesquisa “idade: criança”. A leitura dos estudos foi feita por pares de forma independente e em caso de discordância na inclusão de estudos um terceiro pesquisador foi consultado. Foram incluídos artigos originais do tipo caso-controle que fizeram o PEATE-fala sem ruído competitivo na população pediátrica sem e com transtornos de linguagem oral. Resultado: Foram incluídos 14 artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2019 na presente revisão. Foi observada variabilidade metodológica na realização do exame, a sílaba /da/ foi a mais usada para estimulação. Ao se fazerem médias dos grupos, observou-se que a população com distúrbio específico de linguagem apresentou maiores atrasos de latência na porção sustentada, menores valores de amplitude e slope do complexo VA. O grupo com transtorno fonológico obteve maiores valores na porção transiente das respostas. Conclusão: Crianças com alterações de linguagem de diferentes etiologias apresentam padrões de respostas do PEATE-fala distintos quando comparadas às crianças com desenvolvimento típico.

Abstract Introduction: The brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus, BAEP-speech, has been applied to observe how speech sounds are manifested in the brainstem. This tool can be used in children to assess central auditory processing, allowing preventive and early interventions. Objective: To assess the results found in the brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus in the pediatric population with and without oral language disorders, through a systematic literature review. Methods: The search was carried out in the scientific databases Portal BVS, Pubmed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo and Web of Science, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, OpenDoar, OAIster and The New York Academy of Medicine. A systematic literature review was performed using the descriptors: auditory evoked potentials, children and their synonyms, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The search filter “age: child” was used. The studies were independently read by peers and, in case of disagreement regarding the inclusion of studies, a third researcher was consulted. Original case-control articles that performed BAEP-speech without competitive noise, carried out in the pediatric population without and with oral language disorders, were included. Result: 14 articles published between 2008 and 2019 were included in this review. Methodological variability was observed in the exam, with the syllable / da / being the most frequently used as the stimulus. When performing the average of the groups, it was observed that the population with specific language disorders showed greater latency delays in the sustained portion, lower amplitude values and VA complex slope. The group with phonological disorders had higher values in the transient portion of the responses. Conclusion: Children with language disorders of different etiologies have different patterns of BAEP-speech responses when compared to children with typical development.

RESUMO Introdução: Os ritmos circadianos podem exercer impacto no desempenho esportivo dos atletas, onde o platô ocorre entre as 15 e 21 horas. A natação é um caso peculiar, uma vez que os nadadores realizam sessões de treinamento e provas finais em competições em diferentes horários, como por exemplo, nos Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016, onde as competições semifinais e finais da natação ocorreram a partir das 22 horas. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivos: (1) apresentar o protocolo de uma intervenção realizada com atletas de elite da equipe de natação brasileira durante os Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar se o desempenho dos atletas de natação foi afetado devido aos horários das provas durante a competição. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 14 atletas da equipe de natação brasileira (masculino: n= 10; 71% e feminino: n= 4; 29%). Foi realizado acompanhamento dos atletas durante dois períodos de preparação (baseline e intervenção) para os Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016 nos meses de junho e julho de 2016. Durante a competição, foi realizado o registro do Tempo de Reação (TR) e Tempo de Prova (TP) de cada atleta nas diferentes modalidades. As estratégias de intervenção utilizadas foram: terapia de luz e higiene do sono. Os valores de TR no bloco de partida e TP foram registrados e conferidos com os resultados oficiais. Resultados: Os atletas apresentaram decréscimo no tempo total de vigília (Δ = −13%; Tamanho do Efeito (TE) = 1,0) e latência de sono (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), e aumento do tempo total de sono (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre o baseline e o período de intervenção pré-competição. Nós identificamos melhorias no TR (Δ = −2,2% à −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) ao longo da competição somente para os atletas que participaram da fase final da competição. Conclusão: Concluímos que a intervenção realizada foi efetiva para minimizar qualquer influência negativa do horário da competição sobre o TR e TP dos atletas de elite da natação brasileira. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Circadian rhythms can impact athletes' sports performance, where the plateau occurs between 15 and 21 hours. Swimming is a peculiar case, as athletes perform training and final sessions in competitions at different times, as in the Rio2016 Olympic Games for example, where the semifinal and final competitions took place from ten o'clock at night. Objectives: (1) to present the protocol of an intervention performed with elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team during the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio; (2) to find out whether the time at which the competitions were held affected the swimming performances of these athletes during the competition. Materials and Methods: Fourteen athletes of the Brazilian swimming team (males: n= 10; 71% and females: n= 4; 29%) participated in the study. They were followed up during two preparation periods (baseline and intervention) for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio during June and July 2016. During the competition, we recorded the Reaction Time (RT) and Competition Time (CT) of each athlete in different modalities. The intervention strategies used were light therapy and sleep hygiene. The values of RT at the starting block and CT were registered and conferred with the official results. Results: The athletes showed a decrease in the total time awake (Δ = −13%; Effect size [ES] = 1.0) and sleep latency (Δ = −33%; ES = 0.7), and an increase in total sleep time (Δ = 13%; ES = 1.1; p = 0.04) between the baseline and the period of the intervention, pre-competition. We identified an improvement in the RT (Δ = −2.2% to −1.0%; ES = 0.2 to 0.5) during the competition only for the athletes who participated in the competition finals. Conclusion: We conclude that the intervention carried out was effective in mitigating any negative influence of competition time on the RT and CT of elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ritmos circadianos pueden ejercer impacto en el desempeño deportivo de los atletas, donde la meseta ocurre entre las 15h y las 21 horas. La natación es un caso peculiar, ya que los nadadores realizan sesiones de entrenamiento y pruebas finales en competiciones en diferentes horarios, como por ejemplo, en los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016, en donde las competiciones semifinales y finales de natación ocurrieron a partir de las 22 horas. Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos: (1) presentar el protocolo de una intervención realizada con atletas de élite del equipo de natación brasileño durante los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar si el desempeño de los atletas de natación fue afectado debido a los horarios de las pruebas durante la competición. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 14 atletas del equipo de natación brasileño (masculino: n = 10; 71% y femenino: n= 4; 29%). Fue realizado acompañamiento de los atletas durante dos períodos de preparación (baseline e intervención) para los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016 en los meses de junio y julio de 2016. Durante la competición, se realizó el registro del Tiempo de Reacción (TR) y Tiempo de Prueba (TP) de cada atleta en las diferentes modalidades. Las estrategias de intervención utilizadas fueron: terapia de luz e higiene del sueño. Los valores de TR en el bloque de partida y TP fueron registrados y verificados con los resultados oficiales. Resultados: Los atletas presentaron disminución en el tiempo total de vigilia (Δ = −13%; Tamaño de efecto (TE) = 1,0), y latencia del sueño (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), y aumento del tiempo total de sueño (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre baseline y el período de intervención precompetición. Identificamos mejoras en el TR (Δ = −2,2% a −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) a lo largo de la competición sólo para los atletas que participaron en la fase final de la competición. Conclusión: Concluimos que la intervención realizada fue efectiva para minimizar cualquier influencia negativa del horario de la competición sobre el TR y TP de los atletas de élite de la natación brasileña. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

RESUMO A COVID-19, causada pelo Sars-CoV-2, pode apresentar complicações respiratórias que, muitas vezes, levam o paciente a depender da ventilação mecânica por vários dias. Sabe-se que a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) é frequente nos pacientes que utilizam esse equipamento por um longo período de tempo e que sua ocorrência, consequente à COVID-19, pode cursar com um pior prognóstico para o paciente. Por esse motivo, e somado à insuficiência de aparelhos para atendimento da demanda atual, faz-se necessária a adoção de medidas que visem à prevenção de complicações que possam agravar o quadro clínico do paciente e, consequentemente, aumentar o tempo médio de internação e os respectivos custos da assistência. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi discorrer de forma concisa e prática, com base na literatura disponível, sobre a importância da adoção de protocolos adequados de higiene oral nos pacientes em ventilação mecânica. Com base nos dados obtidos, identificou-se que a adoção de medidas efetivas de higiene oral, principalmente sob a supervisão do profissional dentista, pode contribuir para a redução da morbimortalidade associada à PAVM, resultando em maior disponibilidade de equipamentos de ventilação mecânica. Desde que tais equipamentos estão sendo muito demandados durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o conhecimento e a implantação de medidas efetivas de higiene oral, indubitavelmente, repercutirão na melhoria da qualidade da assistência oferecida aos pacientes, portanto, beneficiando todos aqueles em situação crítica de saúde e assistidos em UTIs.

SUMMARY COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can present respiratory complications that often lead patients to depend on mechanical ventilation (MV) for several days. It is known that Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation (PAMV) is frequent in patients who use this equipment for a long time. As a consequence of COVID-19, its prolonged use can lead to a worse prognosis for the patients. For this reason, in addition to the insufficiency of devices for mechanical ventilation to meet the current demand, it is necessary to adopt measures aimed at preventing complications that may aggravate the patient’s clinical condition and, consequently, increase the average hospital stay and the respective hospital care costs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discuss, in a concise and practical way, and based on the available literature, the importance of adopting adequate oral hygiene protocols for patients on mechanical ventilation. Based on the data obtained, it was identified that the adoption of effective oral hygiene measures, especially under the supervision of dental professionals, can contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with MV, resulting in greater availability of mechanical ventilation equipment. Since such equipment is in great demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, the knowledge and implementation of effective oral hygiene measures will undoubtedly have an impact on improving the quality of care offered to patients, therefore benefiting all those in critical health conditions and assisted in ICUs.

ABSTRACT: Objective: We aim to identify in the literature the knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on health promotion. Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF databases, with full text articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We used the Thematic Analysis method, using Tables for better systematization. Results / Discussion: It was possible to analyze that the CHW work processes are strongly associated with technical training. There are gaps in the production of knowledge about health promotion as a daily practice, with the presence of preventive actions and distribution of commodities/medications and collection of socio-demographic information and of the health situation of the population, leaving the production of care based on health promotion on the background. Conclusion: The discussions highlight the creation of bonds and empathy, as inseparable tools in the work of the CHW.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Objetivamos identificar na literatura os saberes e práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre a promoção da saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF, de artigos na íntegra em inglês, português ou espanhol. Utilizamos o método Análise Temática com uso de quadros para melhor sistematização. Resultados/Discussão: Foi possível analisar que os processos de trabalhos dos ACS estão fortemente associados à formação técnica. As lacunas na produção do conhecimento sobre promoção da saúde, enquanto prática cotidiana, são observadas ações de prevenção e distribuição de insumos/medicamentos, coleta de informações sociodemográficas e situação de saúde da população, perdendo, dessa forma, espaço de produção de cuidado pautada na promoção da saúde. Conclusão: Torna-se pulsátil nas discussões a criação de vínculo e acolhimento como ferramenta indissociável para o trabalho do ACS.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es identificar en la literatura el conocimiento y las prácticas de los Agentes de Salud de la Comunidad (ACS) sobre promoción de la salud. Método: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF, de artículos completos en inglés, portugués o español. Utilizamos el método de análisis temático con el uso de Tablas para una mejor sistematización. Resultados / Discusión: Fue posible analizar que los procesos de trabajo de ACS están fuertemente asociados con la capacitación técnica. Se observan las brechas en la producción de conocimiento sobre promoción de la salud, como práctica diaria, acciones preventivas y distribución de insumos / medicamentos, recolección de información sociodemográfica y la situación de salud de la población, perdiendo así el espacio para la producción de atención basada en promoción de la salud. Conclusión: La creación de lazos y la bienvenida como una herramienta inseparable para el trabajo de la ACS se vuelve pulsante en las discusiones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em técnicos de enfermagem e fatores associados. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em um hospital universitário. Utilizaram-se um questionário composto por variáveis sociodemográficas, de formação e ocupacionais e o Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 para verificar a presença de transtornos mentais comuns. Realizou-se a análise de associação por meio do teste de qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram 280 técnicos de enfermagem. A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns foi de 46,9%. As variáveis renda familiar (p=0,021) e trabalho exclusivo na área da saúde (p<0,001) apresentaram-se associadas ao desfecho. Observou-se maior prevalência de TMC entre os indivíduos com renda familiar inferior a quatro salários mínimos (RP=1,41) e entre os profissionais que trabalhavam exclusivamente na área de saúde (RP=1,95). Conclusão: Aproximadamente metade dos técnicos de enfermagem de hospital universitário apresentou transtornos mentais comuns, que foram associados a aspectos econômico e ocupacional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing technicians. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a university hospital. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, educational and work-related variables and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used to verify the presence of common mental disorders. Association analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 280 nursing technicians participated in the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 46.9%. The variables family income (p=0.021) and working exclusively in health area (p<0.001) were associated with the outcome. There was a higher prevalence of CMD among individuals with a family income below four minimum wages (PR=1.41) and among professionals who worked exclusively in the health area (PR=1.95). Conclusion: Approximately half of the nursing technicians of the university hospital presented common mental disorders, which were associated with economic and work-related variables.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprobar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en técnicos de enfermería y los factores asociados. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, analítico, realizado en un hospital universitario. Se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto por variables sociodemográficas, de formación y ocupacionales y el Cuestionario de Autorreporte de Síntomas-20 para comprobar la presencia de trastornos mentales comunes. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de asociación mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado, con nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Participaron 280 técnicos de enfermería. La prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes alcanzó el 46,9%. Las variables ingreso familiar (p=0,021) y trabajo exclusivo en el área de la salud (p<0,001) estaban asociadas al desenlace. Fue posible observar una mayor prevalencia de TMC entre los individuos con ingresos familiares inferiores a cuatro sueldos mínimos (RP=1,41) y entre los profesionales que trabajaban exclusivamente en el área de la salud (RP=1,95). Conclusión: Aproximadamente la mitad de los técnicos de enfermería del hospital universitario presentó trastornos mentales comunes, asociados a aspectos económico y ocupacional.