ABSTRACT Wild birds have great prominence in the transmission of diseases to humans, mainly due to their ease of access to human populations, raising concerns about the potential impact of that proximity on public health. The present study reports ARV and PBV occurrence in wild birds from an environmental protection area in the Amazon biome, in Pará state, Brazil. We obtained 155 fecal specimens from 47 species of wild birds for RNA extraction, ARV and PBV detection utilizing molecular methods, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. ARV prevalence was 0.6% (1/155), being positive in an individual of Myrmotherula longipennis, and PBV prevalence was 1.29% (2/155), affecting two individuals of Guira guira. The PBV strains were assigned to genogroup I based on phylogenetic analysis, and they shared a strong phylogenetic link with strains isolated from different geographic locations. The ARV strain was more closely related to strains that had previously circulated in the same region. The presence of ARV and PBV in this habitat suggests that infection cycles of these agents occur naturally in the wild ecosystem, potentially triggering transmission events between bird species and humans. This is the first study on ARV detection in wild birds in Brazil and the first report on the occurrence of PBV in wild Guira guira. Additional studies are required to determine the epidemiology, origin, evolution, and emergence of new potentially pathogenic viruses in the Amazon.

RESUMO As aves silvestres têm grande destaque na transmissão de doenças ao homem, principalmente pela facilidade de acesso à população humana, levantando preocupações sobre o potencial impacto dessa proximidade no contexto da saúde pública. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de ARV e PBV em aves silvestres de uma área de proteção ambiental no bioma Amazônico. Obtivemos 155 espécimes fecais de 47 espécies de aves silvestres, que foram submetidos a extração de RNA, detecção de ARV e PBV por técnicas moleculares, sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética. A prevalência de infecção por ARV foi 0,6% (1/155), sendo positivo em um indivíduo de Myrmotherula longipennis, e a prevalência de PBV foi 1,29% (2/155), afetando dois insdivíduos de Guira guira. A análise filogenética agrupou as cepas de PBV no genogrupo I, mostrando intensa relação filogenética com cepas isoladas de outras regiões geográficas. A cepa de ARV esteve mais relacionada filogeneticamente a cepas previamente circulantes na mesma região. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre detecção de ARV em aves silvestres no Brasil e o primeiro relato sobre a ocorrência de PBV em Guira guira. A circulação de ARV e PBV nesse ambiente demonstra que os ciclos desses agentes estão ocorrendo de forma natural no ecossistema silvestre, o que pode desencadear possíveis eventos de transmissão entre as espécies aviárias e humanos. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a epidemiologia, origem, evolução e surgimento de novos vírus potencialmente patogênicos na Amazônia.

ABSTRACT Croceous glands are visible structures defined by their rounded shape and yellowish color. They have great taxonomic importance, being used to delimit the Timutua section, one of the 14 sections of the subgenera Polygala, genera Polygala, the most representative of the family Polygalaceae, with about 120 species recorded in Brazil. However, detailed information about the nature of croceous glands is still missing. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the origin, structure, and function of the croceous glands in the floral structures, fruits, leaf blades, and stems of Polygala adenophora. Samples of P. adenophora at different developmental stages (flower buds, fully developed flowers and fruits), as well as stems, and leaves collected from the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th nodes were obtained from a coastal area in Pará state, Brazil. The samples were fixed in FAA50 or buffered neutral formalin and submitted to light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were carried out for lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Our results showed that the croceous glands are secretory cavities and ducts of schizolysigenous origin, present since the beginning of the development of vegetative and reproductive organs. The cavities and ducts produce a lipophilic compound consisting of essential oils and lipids. We hypothesize that this exudate possibly has a protective function, acting against pathogen and herbivore attacks.

RESUMO Glândulas cróceas são estruturas visíveis, definidas por seu formato arredondado e coloração amarelada. Elas possuem grande importância taxonômica, sendo utilizadas para delimitar a seção Timutua, uma das 14 seções do subgênero Polygala, pertencente ao gênero Polygala, o mais representativo da família Polygalaceae, com cerca de 120 espécies registradas para o Brasil. Porém, as glândulas cróceas ainda carecem de informações mais detalhadas sobre sua natureza. Dessa forma, o presente estudo caracterizou a distribuição, estrutura e histoquímica das glândulas cróceas nos órgãos reprodutivos e vegetativos aéreos de Polygala adenophora. Amostras de P. adenophora em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (botões florais, flores totalmente desenvolvidas e frutos), assim como caule e folhas extraídas dos 1º, 3º, 6º e 9º nós, foram obtidas em uma área costeira no estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram fixadas em FAA50 ou formalina neutra tamponada e submetidas a microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram realizados testes histoquímicos para substâncias lipofílicas e hidrofílicas. Os resultados mostraram que as glândulas cróceas são formadas por cavidades e ductos secretores, com formação de origem esquizolisígena, presentes desde o início do desenvolvimento dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos. As cavidades e ductos secretam uma substância de natureza lipofílica, composta por óleos essenciais e lipídios. Hipotetizamos que esse exsudato possivelmente tenha uma função protetiva, atuando contra ataques de patógenos e herbívoros.

Abstract We quilombola women, a documentary that considers the quilombola identity and the right to COVID-19 vaccination, evokes notions of priority, rights, privileges and identity during the process of matching the number of vaccine doses available to citizens’ arms. Omission by a Brazilian federal government grounded in necro-politics and denial, plus a lack of information, led quilombo communities to take it on themselves to draw up lists of those eligible for vaccination. The production team’s aim was to use images as political language in the health field, so as to document and give visibility to these issues as one illustration of combating social and health inequalities and inequities rooted in structural racism. By combining science and art and interlacing references from the sociology of images, visual anthropology, plus the work and aesthetic devices of Eduardo Coutinho, the audiovisual production method brought out three key categories: I, We, and They, quilombola women. This article explores these categories underpinning construction of the documentary narrative, which drew on the potential of images, which in turn served as anti-racist, political and educational devices, both in the course of the production process and during the public screenings.

Resumo Eu, nós... ELAS quilombolas, documentário que aborda a identidade quilombola e o direito à vacinação contra a COVID-19, faz emergir noções como prioridade, direito, privilégio e identidade durante o processo que precisa vincular os números de doses a braços de cidadãos. No Brasil, diante da omissão do governo federal, fundamentada na necropolítica e no negacionismo, a falta de informações levou as comunidades quilombolas a se responsabilizarem pela construção das listas de aptos a receberem a vacina. O objetivo da produção foi utilizar as imagens como linguagem política na área da saúde, documentando e dando visibilidade para essas questões, como ilustração de processos de enfrentamento das desigualdades e iniquidades sociais e de saúde pautadas no racismo estrutural. Ao associar ciência e arte, o método de produção audiovisual, entrelaçado com os referenciais da sociologia das imagens, da antropologia visual e dos dispositivos de produção e estética de Coutinho, emergiram três categorias: o eu, o nós e o elas. Este artigo apresenta as categorias que embasaram a construção narrativa do documentário a partir das potencialidades das imagens, que se apresentaram como dispositivo político-pedagógico antirracista, tanto durante o processo de produção quanto ao longo das exibições públicas.

ABSTRACT The use of residues resulting from the processing of agricultural products is an widely studied topic, which is justified by the need to reduce costs and by the search for productive sustainability, which has as one of its principles the full use production, reducing waste and therefore increasing the amount of products extracted per unit of area. Residual seeds, resulting from the production of fruit pulps, are rich in nutrients and with the potential to be further improved by the application of germination, increasing the protein content and the content of bioactive compounds. However, in the germination process, the product acquires a high water content, requiring immediate drying and control of the water adsorption kinetics after dehydration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the water adsorption isotherms of germinated seeds flours from pumpkins of three varieties at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C, to obtain the most appropriate mathematical model to describe the hygroscopic behavior and to determine the thermodynamic properties of water adsorption, through the values of the integral isosteric heat, differential entropy, differential enthalpy and Gibbs free energy for the studied conditions. The GAB and Peleg models fit the experimental data well. With increasing water activity, there was a reduction in isosteric heat and entropy. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was confirmed. Gibbs free energy was negative for all temperatures, increasing with increasing equilibrium water content, demonstrating that it is a spontaneous process.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud tienen altos costos y mayores tasas de mortalidad, lo que reduce la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Mapeo de los factores que influyen en la adherencia a las precauciones estándar entre/por las enfermeras. Métodos: Se utilizará la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs. La investigación consideró los criterios definidos y adaptados a las bases de datos incluidas en la identificación de estudios relevantes. Bases de datos consultadas CINAHL® Plus with Full Text y Nursing & Allied Health Collection via EBSCO, MEDLINE® via PubMed. Los artículos serán analizados por título y resumen, eliminando aquellos que no cumplan con los criterios definidos. Los datos serán extraídos por dos revisores independientes. Los criterios de inclusión serán estudios escritos en portugués, inglés y español publicados en los últimos cinco años y extraídos a la plataforma Rayyan QCRI(. Dos revisores independientes procederán al análisis de la relevancia de los artículos, extracción y síntesis de los datos, con la elaboración del respectivo diagrama de flujo. Resultados: El mapeo de evidencias permitirá analizar y conocer los factores que influyen en la adherencia a las precauciones estándar entre/por los enfermeros. Los resultados se presentarán mediante una tabla de evidencias de acuerdo con los objetivos. Conclusión: Se espera que esta revisión constituya un punto de partida para el análisis crítico de los estudios relacionados con los factores que influyen en el conocimiento en la adherencia de los enfermeros a las precauciones estándar, ayudando a optimizar la práctica y promover la investigación y la difusión del conocimiento.

Abstract Introduction: Health care-associated infections have high costs and increased mortality rates, reducing people's quality of life. Objective: Mapping the factors that influence adherence to standard precautions among/by nurses. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology will be used. The research considered the criteria defined and adapted to the databases included in the identification of relevant studies. Databases consulted CINAHL® Plus with Full Text and Nursing & Allied Health Collection via EBSCO, MEDLINE® via PubMed. Articles will be analyzed by title and abstract, eliminating those that do not meet the defined criteria. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers. The inclusion criteria will be studies written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish published in the last five years and extracted to the Rayyan QCRI( platform. Two independent reviewers will proceed with the analysis of the relevance of the articles, extraction, and synthesis of the data, with the elaboration of the respective flowchart. Results: The mapping of evidence will allow analyzing and knowing the factors that influence adherence to standard precautions among/by nurses. The results will be presented using an evidence table according to the objectives. Conclusion: This review is expected to constitute a starting point for the critical analysis of studies related to factors that influence knowledge in nurses' adherence to standard precautions, helping to optimize practice and promote research and dissemination of knowledge.

Resumo Introdução: As infecções associadas aos cuidados de saúde apresentam custos elevados e aumento da taxa de mortalidade, reduzindo a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Objetivo: Mapear os fatores que influenciam a adesão às precauções padrão entre/pelos enfermeiros. Métodos: Recorrer-se-á à metodologia de Joanna Briggs Institute. A pesquisa considerou os critérios definidos e adaptados às bases de dados incluídas na identificação de estudos relevantes. As bases de dados consultadas CINAHL® Plus with Full Text e Nursing & Allied Health Collection via EBSCO, MEDLINE® via PubMed. Proceder-se-á à análise dos artigos pelo título e resumo eliminando os que não cumpram os critérios definidos. Os dados serão extraídos por dois revisores independentes. Os critérios de inclusão serão os estudos redigidos em português, inglês e espanhol publicados nos últimos cinco anos e extraídos para a plataforma Rayyan QCRI(. Dois revisores independentes irão proceder à análise de relevância dos artigos, extração e síntese dos dados, com elaboração do respetivo fluxograma. Resultados: O mapeamento das evidências permitirá analisar e conhecer os fatores que influenciam a adesão às precauções padrão entre/pelos enfermeiros. Os resultados serão apresentados com recurso a uma tabela de evidências segundo os objetivos. Conclusão: Prevê-se que esta revisão constitua um ponto de partida para a análise crítica dos estudos relativos aos fatores que influenciam o conhecimento na adesão às precauções padrão dos enfermeiros, contribuindo para otimizar a prática e promover a investigação e disseminação do conhecimento.

Abstract Background: Laryngeal cancer is a worldwide public health problem, with surgery being the most common treatment for this type of cancer. People submitted to total laryngectomy will experience complex changes in their lives, with a growing concern os nurses with the adaptation and quality of life of people in the postoperative period being verified, when they return home. Objective: Identify which domains impact the adaptation of the person undergoing total laryngectomy, and which may reflect the main difficulties experienced when returning home. Methodological Procedures of Integrative Review: Integrative review of the literature, according to the PICo variant, with the research question: “What are the domains that impact the adaptation of the patient submitted to a total laryngectomy when returning home?” The research was conducted in January 2020, in the CINAHL® and MEDLINE® Complete databases. Results: 42 articles were identified, which after applying the inclusion criteria, 4 were selected for analysis and data extraction. Conclusion: The integrative review allowed to answer the research question and to identifying different domains that impact the adaptation of the person submitted to total laryngectomy and that translate into the difficulties felt by people when returning home. It was possible to aggregate these domains into 5 groups: Physical Function, Role Function, Social Function, Emotional / Psychological Function and Global Health Status.

Resumo Introdução: O cancro da laringe é um problema mundial de saúde pública, sendo a cirurgia o tratamento mais comum para este tipo de neoplasia. As pessoas submetidas a laringectomias totais vivenciarão complexas alterações na sua vida, verificando-se uma preocupação crescente dos enfermeiros com a adaptação e qualidade de vida das pessoas no pós-operatório, aquando do regresso a casa. Objetivo: Identificar quais os domínios que impactam a adaptação da pessoa submetida a laringectomia total, e que possam traduzir as principais dificuldades sentidas pelas mesmas aquando do regresso a casa. Procedimentos Metodológicos de Revisão Integrativa: Revisão integrativa da literatura, de acordo com a estratégia PICo, com a seguinte questão de investigação: “Quais os domínios que impactam a adaptação da pessoa submetida a laringectomia total, aquando do regresso a casa?”. Pesquisa realizada em janeiro de 2020, nas bases de dados CINAHL® e MEDLINE® Complete. Resultados: Foram identificados 42 artigos, que após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, resultaram em 4 para análise. Conclusão: A revisão integrativa permitiu responder à questão de investigação, identificando-se diferentes domínios que impactam a adaptação da pessoa submetida a laringectomia total e que se traduzem nas dificuldades sentidas pelas pessoas aquando do regresso a casa. Foi possível agregar estes domínios em 5 grupos: Função Física, Função de Papel, Função Social, Função Emocional / Psicológica e Estado Global de Saúde.

Resumo Introdução: O fígado gordo associado a disfunção metabólica (FGADM) é uma causa crescente de doença hepática crónica. Em 2020, o score Fibroscan-AST (FAST) foi validado internacionalmente como uma nova ferramenta capaz de identificar pacientes com esteatohepatite que beneficiam de terapêuticas adicionais, baseado nos achados da elastografia hepática transitória (EHT) e níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Os autores procuraram identificar, em pacientes com FGADM, que fatores metabólicos predizem um score-FAST maior. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo de pacientes com FGADM submetidos a EHT durante 2 anos consecutivos. Pacientes sem uma amostra de AST colhida nos 6 meses prévios à EHT foram excluídos. O score-FAST foi calculado, estratificando o risco do paciente como baixo (<0,35), moderado (0,35-0,67) ou alto (>0,67). Resultados: A amostra incluiu 117 pacientes, 53% do sexo feminino, com uma idade média de 53 anos. Em análise multivariada, pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) (p < 0,001), dislipidemia (p = 0,046) e hábitos tabágicos (p = 0,037) apresentaram valores de score-FAST significativamente maiores. Além disso, os pacientes diabéticos apresentaram não só valores de score-FAST significativamente maiores, como também foram mais frequente classificados como pertencendo ao grupo de alto risco, de acordo com os critérios deste score (OR = 9,2; 95%IC = 1,8-45,5; p = 0,007). Conclusões: Calculando o score-FAST, pacientes com FGADM e DMT2 apresentaram um risco significativamente maior. Esta ferramenta validada poderá ser utilizada para selecionar os pacientes com DMT2 e FGADM que poderão beneficiar de seguimento especializado.

Abstract Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent cause of chronic liver disease. In 2020, the FibroScan-AST (FAST) score was internationally validated as a new tool able to identify patients with steatohepatitis who benefit the most from further therapies, based on liver transient elastography (LTE) findings and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). We aimed to identify, in MAFLD patients, which metabolic features may predict a higher FAST score. Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with MAFLD submitted to LTE for two consecutive years. Patients without an AST sample collected within 6 months of the LTE were excluded. FAST score was calculated, stratifying the patient’s risk as low (<0.35), medium (0.35-0.67), or high (>0.67). Results: The sample included 117 patients, 53.0% of the female gender, with a mean age of 53 years. On multivariate analysis, patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p = 0.046), and smoking habits (p = 0.037) presented with significantly higher FAST score values. Furthermore, diabetic patients did not only present significantly higher FAST scores but were also more frequently assigned to the high-risk group according to FAST score criteria (OR = 9.2; 95% CI = 1.8-45.5; p = 0.007). Conclusions: Calculating the FAST score, patients with T2DM presented a significantly higher risk of having significant fibrosis and steatohepatitis. Physicians may rely on this validated instrument to more easily identify which patients with T2DM and MAFLD benefit the most from a specialized follow-up.

Resumo Introdução: Mais de 90% dos doentes com Polipose Adenomatosa Familiar (PAF) desenvolvem adenomas duodenais. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança da excisão endoscópica de adenomas duodenais em doentes com PAF. Métodos: Incluídos todos os doentes com PAF submetidos a terapêutica endoscópica de adenomas duodenais ≥10 mm entre janeiro/2010-fevereiro/2021. Resultados: Em 151 famílias com PAF, incluídos 22 doentes (50 lesões): 54.5% mulheres; mediana do follow-up 12.3 (IQR: 6.0-19.0) anos. Primeira endoscopia terapêutica (resseção de pólipos duodenais ≥10 mm) ocorreu numa mediana de idades 41.0 (IQR: 33.0-58.2) anos.Em 54.5% dos casos, foi necessária uma nova endoscopia terapêutica. Dimensão mediana do maior adenoma: 15 mm (IQR: 10-18 mm); resseção realizada em piecemeal em 63.1% e em bloco nos restantes. Em dois casos, a resseção endoscópica foi incompleta (fibrose em local de resseção prévia:1; posicionamento:1). Complicações em 6.3% das lesões ressecadas (4 doentes): 2 imediatas (hemorragia e perfuração, manejadas endoscopicamente); 4 na primeira semana (1 hemorragia controlada endoscopicamente, 2 pancreatites ligeiras tratadas conservadoramente, 1 perfuração com necessidade de cirurgia; as duas últimas após ampulectomia). A avaliação histológica revelou adenomas com displasia de baixo grau em 90.1%; nenhum adenocarcinoma. Um doente com doença Spigelman IV não controlável endoscopicamente realizou duodenopancreatectomia (sem cancro). Conclusão: A vigilância e tratamento endoscópicos de adenomas duodenais em doentes com PAF revelaram-se seguros e eficazes na prevenção de cancro duodenal.

Abstract Introduction: Over 90% of the patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) will develop duodenal adenomas. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic excision of large duodenal adenomas in FAP patients. Methods: All FAP patients from a familial risk clinic submitted to endoscopic therapy for duodenal adenomas ≥10 mm between January 2010 and February 2021 were included. Results: From 151 FAP families, 22 patients (50 lesions) were included: 54.5% female; median follow-up 8.5 (IQR: 5.8-12.3) years after the first endoscopy. First therapeutic endoscopy occurred at a median age of 41.0 years (IQR: 33.0-58.2). Repeat therapeutic endoscopy was required in 54.5% of patients. Median size of the largest adenoma was 15 mm (IQR: 10-18 mm); resection was piece-meal in 63.1% and en bloc in the remaining. In 2 cases, the resection was incomplete (fibrosis due to previous resection and difficult positioning). Complications occurred in 6.3% of the resected lesions (4 patients): 2 immediate (bleeding, perforation); 4 in the first week (1 bleeding, 2 mild pancreatitis, 1 perforation requiring surgery; the latter two after ampullectomy). Histology revealed low-grade dysplasia adenomas in 90.1%; no adenocarcinomas were found. One patient with Spigelman stage IV disease not amenable to endoscopic control underwent elective duodenopancreatectomy (without duodenal cancer). Conclusion: Endoscopic surveillance and treatment of duodenal adenomas in FAP patients was safe and effective in the prevention of duodenal cancer.

Abstract Introduction and objectives: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) of the Quadratus Lumborum muscle (QL) is a frequent cause of chronic low back pain. With this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided infiltration with 0.25% levobupivacaine and 40 mg triamcinolone for MPS of the QL. Methods: Observational and retrospective study of participants submitted to ultrasound-guided infiltration of the QL muscle from January 1, 2015 to June 31, 2019. Pain intensity was assessed using the five-point pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): pre-intervention, at 72 hours, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-intervention. Additional data collected were demographic characteristics, opioid consumption, and adverse effects. Results: We assessed 90 participants with mean age of 55.2 years. Sixty-eight percent of participants were female. Compared to the pre-intervention assessment, there was an improvement in pain at 72 hours (Mean Difference [MD = 3.085]; 95% CI: 2.200-3.970, p < 0.05), at the 1st month (MD = 2.644; 95% CI: 1.667-3.621, p < 0.05), at the 3rdmonth (MD = 2.017; 95% CI: 0.202-2.729, p < 0.05) and at the 6th month (MD = 1.339; 95% CI 0.378-2.300, p < 0.05), post-intervention. No statistically significant differences in opioid consumption were observed. No adverse effects associated with the technique were reported. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided infiltration of the QL muscle is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of pain in the QL MPS within 6 months post-intervention.

Abstract Introduction: Informal consultations are medical acts characterized by the individual’s self-referral to a doctor, without clinical record or adequate follow-up. Despite controversy, this practice is an integral part of medical culture. This case report highlights the importance of understanding the consequences of informal consultations and the desirability of a preventive attitude towards one’s own health. Case description: A 28-year-old female health professional requests an informal consultation due to low-back pain after two months of evolution where a tentative diagnosis and treatment plan were brainstormed. Symptom aggravation led her to a formal ortho-traumatology consultation, whereupon she was definitively diagnosed with a herniated lumbar disc, and a treatment plan was discussed and implemented, with good outcomes. Commentary: This case reveals the complexity of clinical communication and psychosocial context involving informal consultations. Healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible to belittling signs and symptoms, using informal consultations to tackle the clinical situation quickly and be able to work, but without really addressing the underlying problem.

Resumo Introdução: As consultas informais são atos médicos caracterizados pela autorreferenciação a um médico, sem registo clínico ou seguimento adequado. Apesar de controversa, esta prática assume-se como parte integrante da cultura médica. Este caso clínico mostra a importância de compreender as consequências das consultas informais e as vantagens de uma atitude preventiva em relação à saúde do próprio. Descrição do caso: Profissional de saúde do sexo feminino, de 28 anos, com lombalgia com dois meses de evolução recorre a uma consulta informal, na qual foram discutidos um diagnóstico presuntivo e um plano de tratamento a ser implementado. Devido ao agravamento sintomatológico recorreu a uma consulta formal de ortotraumatologia, na qual se estabeleceu um diagnóstico definitivo de hérnia lombar e foi discutido e implementado um plano de tratamento de forma partilhada, que teve bons resultados. Comentário: Este caso revela a complexidade da relação clínica e contexto psicossocial das consultas informais. Os profissionais de saúde estão particularmente suscetíveis à trivialização dos sinais e sintomas, recorrendo a consultas informais para uma rápida resolução da condição clínica, de forma a conseguirem manter-se a trabalhar, mas sem aprofundar a etiologia e causa do problema.

Resumo Introdução: A colonoscopia é eficaz a detetar e remover lesões do colon e reto. Contudo, após uma colonoscopia normal, podem ser detetadas neoplasias durante o intervalo de vigilância recomendado entre colonoscopias. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar características e fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo e unicêntrico realizado entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 que incluiu todos os doentes diagnosticados de novo com cancro colorretal. Variáveis clínicas, demográficas e endoscópicas foram obtidas após consulta do processo clínico. Doentes com diagnóstico de cancro colorretal entre duas colonoscopias consecutivas, realizadas no intervalo de vigilância recomendado, foram considerados como tendo cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Foi, então, realizada a comparação entre o grupo de doentes com cancro color-retal não pós colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo e o grupo de doentes com cancro colorretal pós colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Resultados: Durante o período de estudo, 491 doentes foram diagnosticados de novo com cancro colorretal. Destes, 61 (12.4%) foram considerados como tendo cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. O cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo foi três vezes mais prevalente no colon proximal (p = 0.014) e associou-se a presença de dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovasculares (aOR = 0.45; p = 0.016), colecistectomia no passado (aOR = 10.09; p = 0.0.19) e história familiar de cancro colorretal num familiar de primeiro grau (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.006). Aquando da análise dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares isolados, observou-se um fator protetor aquando da ausência de to-dos os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (aOR = 20; p = 0.034). A curva ROC associada ao modelo multivariado revelou um poder preditivo de 77.8% (p < 0.001). Conclusão: O cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo é mais comum no colon proximal e em doentes com história familiar (em familiares de primeiro grau) de cancro colorretal, dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovasculares e história de colecistectomia. Todos estes fatores de risco são facilmente detetáveis na prática clínica e podem ser de extrema importância no controlo, a curto e longo prazo, do cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia.

Abstract Background and Aims: Colonoscopy is effective to detect and remove colorectal lesions. However, after a negative colonoscopy, cancers could be detected during the interval follow-up. This study was designed to identify characteristics and risk factors for postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type. Methods: Medical records of individuals who were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2018 and December 2019 were reviewed. Clinical, demographic, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Those with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer between two consecutive colonoscopies performed within the appropriated surveillance range were considered to have postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type. A comparison between the group of patients with non-postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type and the group of patients with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type was then performed. Results: During the study period, 491 patients were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Among them, 61 (12.4%) had postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval subtype. Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type was three times more prevalent on the proximal colon (p = 0.014) and was associated with the presence of two or more cardiovascular risk factors (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.016), cholecystectomy in the past (aOR = 10.09; p = 0.019), and family history of colorectal cancer on a first-degree relative (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.006). Moreover, isolated cardiovascular risk factors revealed a protective effect for the absence of all cardiovascular risk factors (aOR = 20; p = 0.034). The ROC curve associated with the multivariate model revealed a predictive power of 77.8% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type is more common in the proximal colon and in patients with a family history (first-degree relative) of colorectal cancer, two or more cardiovascular risk factors, and a history of cholecystectomy. All of these are easily detectable in clinical practice and may be of extreme importance in the control of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer in the near future.

Abstract Membranous dysmenorrhea is a rare entity, characterized by the vaginal extrusion of a uterine cavity-shaped structure. We described the case of a healthy 35-year-old woman under combined oral contraception who presented with vaginal extrusion of a decidual cast.

Resumo A dismenorreia membranosa é uma entidade rara caracterizada clinicamente pela extrusão por via vaginal de uma estrutura com formato de molde uterino. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de uma mulher de 35 anos, saudável, sob contraceção oral combinada com extrusão vaginal de um molde decidual.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown positive renal outcomes in diabetic patients. There is also emerging evidence in non-diabetic patients. This review was conducted to analyse the renal outcomes of SGLT2i in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A systematic review was performed in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) compliant manner. We included only randomized trials that examined the effect of SGLT2i on renal outcomes in non-diabetic patients. Results: A total of ten randomized trials were included with a combined cohort of 26 298 patients. There was a tendency for lesser risk of adverse renal outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.50-0.71). Lesser effect on adverse renal outcomes was seen in HF patients with preserved EF (HR 0.95). For both preserved and reduced EF HF, there was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p<0.001). On a short follow-up, there was a significant reversible reduction in GFR. In the long term, chronic kidney disease (CKD) proteinuric patients had a statistically significant lesser risk of adverse renal outcomes (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in albuminuria (p=0.0016). CKD patients, including non-proteinuric, had a significant reduction in the rate of kidney disease progression (HR = 0.71). Conclusion: Treatment with SGLT2i significantly reduces the rate of kidney disease progression in CKD non-diabetic patients with eGFR ≥ 20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Benefit seems greater in proteinuric patients. Benefit for eGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, dialysis and kidney transplant patients is yet to be defined.