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ABSTRACT Wild birds have great prominence in the transmission of diseases to humans, mainly due to their ease of access to human populations, raising concerns about the potential impact of that proximity on public health. The present study reports ARV and PBV occurrence in wild birds from an environmental protection area in the Amazon biome, in Pará state, Brazil. We obtained 155 fecal specimens from 47 species of wild birds for RNA extraction, ARV and PBV detection utilizing molecular methods, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. ARV prevalence was 0.6% (1/155), being positive in an individual of Myrmotherula longipennis, and PBV prevalence was 1.29% (2/155), affecting two individuals of Guira guira. The PBV strains were assigned to genogroup I based on phylogenetic analysis, and they shared a strong phylogenetic link with strains isolated from different geographic locations. The ARV strain was more closely related to strains that had previously circulated in the same region. The presence of ARV and PBV in this habitat suggests that infection cycles of these agents occur naturally in the wild ecosystem, potentially triggering transmission events between bird species and humans. This is the first study on ARV detection in wild birds in Brazil and the first report on the occurrence of PBV in wild Guira guira. Additional studies are required to determine the epidemiology, origin, evolution, and emergence of new potentially pathogenic viruses in the Amazon.

RESUMO As aves silvestres têm grande destaque na transmissão de doenças ao homem, principalmente pela facilidade de acesso à população humana, levantando preocupações sobre o potencial impacto dessa proximidade no contexto da saúde pública. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de ARV e PBV em aves silvestres de uma área de proteção ambiental no bioma Amazônico. Obtivemos 155 espécimes fecais de 47 espécies de aves silvestres, que foram submetidos a extração de RNA, detecção de ARV e PBV por técnicas moleculares, sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética. A prevalência de infecção por ARV foi 0,6% (1/155), sendo positivo em um indivíduo de Myrmotherula longipennis, e a prevalência de PBV foi 1,29% (2/155), afetando dois insdivíduos de Guira guira. A análise filogenética agrupou as cepas de PBV no genogrupo I, mostrando intensa relação filogenética com cepas isoladas de outras regiões geográficas. A cepa de ARV esteve mais relacionada filogeneticamente a cepas previamente circulantes na mesma região. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre detecção de ARV em aves silvestres no Brasil e o primeiro relato sobre a ocorrência de PBV em Guira guira. A circulação de ARV e PBV nesse ambiente demonstra que os ciclos desses agentes estão ocorrendo de forma natural no ecossistema silvestre, o que pode desencadear possíveis eventos de transmissão entre as espécies aviárias e humanos. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a epidemiologia, origem, evolução e surgimento de novos vírus potencialmente patogênicos na Amazônia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202300120

National Vaccine Coverage Survey 2020: methods and operational aspects
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Barata, Rita Barradas

; França, Ana Paula

; Guibu, Ione Aquemi

; Vasconcellos, Maurício Teixeira Leite de

; Moraes, José Cássio de

; Teixeira, Maria da Gloria Lima Cruz

; Domingues, Carla Magda Alan

; Borges, Maria Fernanda de Souza Oliveira

; de Azevedo, Roberta Nogueira Calandrini

; de Oliveira, Consuelo Silva

; Oliveira, Andrea de Nazaré Marvão

; Canales, Ivy Thereza

; Nascimento, Valdir

; Queiroz, Rejane Christine de Souza

; Lima, Luísa Helena de Oliveira

; Ramos Jr, Alberto Novaes

; Barbosa, Jaqueline Caracas

; Mirabal, Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa

; Meira, Meiruska

; Antunes, Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira

; Teixeira, Maria Denise de Castro

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; de Carvalho, Martha Suely Itaparica

; Cesar, Tayñana

; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia

; da Gama, Silvana Granado Nogueira

; Luhm, Karin Regina

; Boing, Antônio Fernando

; Mengue, Sotero Serrate

; de Oliveira, Sandra Maria do Valle Leone

; Lima, Jaqueline Costa

; Teles, Sheila Araújo

; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim

; de Araújo, Wildo Navegantes

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e230031

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Inquérito nacional de cobertura vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade foi realizado para investigar as quedas nas coberturas a partir de 2016. Métodos: Amostra de 37.836 nascidos vivos das coortes de 2017 e 2018 residentes nas capitais, Distrito Federal (DF) e 12 cidades com mais de 100 mil habitantes, acompanhados nos primeiros 24 meses por registros nas cadernetas de vacinação. Setores censitários foram estratificados segundo condições socioeconômicas, e o mesmo número de crianças foi incluído para cada estrato. Calcularem-se coberturas vacinais de cada vacina e coberturas completas aos 12 e 24 meses, doses aplicadas, válidas e oportunas. Fatores familiares, maternos e da criança associados à cobertura foram pesquisados. Os motivos para não vacinar analisados foram: contraindicações médicas, dificuldades de acesso, problemas no funcionamento do programa e hesitação vacinal. Resultados: Os resultados preliminares mostram que menos de 1% das crianças não foram vacinadas, as coberturas pelo esquema completo são menores que 75% em todas as capitais e no DF, as vacinas com mais de uma dose perdem cobertura progressivamente, há diferenças entre os estratos socioeconômicos, favoráveis aos estratos mais altos em algumas cidades e aos estratos mais baixos em outras. Conclusão: Houve realmente redução da cobertura vacinal em todas as capitais e no DF para as crianças nascidas em 2017 e 2018, denotando piora na execução do Programa Nacional de Imunizações durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. O inquérito realizado não mensurou os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 que podem ter reduzido ainda mais as coberturas vacinais.

ABSTRACT Objective: The national vaccination coverage survey on full vaccination at 12 and 24 months of age was carried out to investigate drops in coverage as of 2016. Methods: A sample of 37,836 live births from the 2017 or 2018 cohorts living in capital cities, the Federal District, and 12 inner cities with 100 thousand inhabitants were followed for the first 24 months through vaccine record cards. Census tracts stratified according to socioeconomic levels had the same number of children included in each stratum. Coverage for each vaccine, full vaccination at 12 and 24 months and number of doses administered, valid and timely, were calculated. Family, maternal and child factors associated with coverage were surveyed. The reasons for not vaccinating analyzed were: medical contraindications, access difficulties, problems with the program, and vaccine hesitancy. Results: Preliminary results showed that less than 1% of children were not vaccinated, full coverage was less than 75% at all capitals and the Federal District, vaccines requiring more than one dose progressively lost coverage, and there were inequalities among socioeconomic strata, favorable to the highest level in some cities and to the lowest in others. Conclusion: There was an actual reduction in full vaccination in all capitals and the Federal District for children born in 2017 and 2018, showing a deteriorating implementation of the National Immunization Program from 2017 to 2019. The survey did not measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have further reduced vaccination coverage.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230031

National Vaccine Coverage Survey 2020: methods and operational aspects
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Barata, Rita Barradas

; França, Ana Paula

; Guibu, Ione Aquemi

; Vasconcellos, Maurício Teixeira Leite de

; Moraes, José Cássio de

; Teixeira, Maria da Gloria Lima Cruz

; Domingues, Carla Magda Alan

; Borges, Maria Fernanda de Souza Oliveira

; de Azevedo, Roberta Nogueira Calandrini

; de Oliveira, Consuelo Silva

; Oliveira, Andrea de Nazaré Marvão

; Canales, Ivy Thereza

; Nascimento, Valdir

; Queiroz, Rejane Christine de Souza

; Lima, Luísa Helena de Oliveira

; Ramos Jr, Alberto Novaes

; Barbosa, Jaqueline Caracas

; Mirabal, Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa

; Meira, Meiruska

; Antunes, Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira

; Teixeira, Maria Denise de Castro

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; de Carvalho, Martha Suely Itaparica

; Cesar, Tayñana

; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia

; da Gama, Silvana Granado Nogueira

; Luhm, Karin Regina

; Boing, Antônio Fernando

; Mengue, Sotero Serrate

; de Oliveira, Sandra Maria do Valle Leone

; Lima, Jaqueline Costa

; Teles, Sheila Araújo

; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim

; de Araújo, Wildo Navegantes

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e230031

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230031

Multimodal HIIT is More Efficient Than Moderate Continuous Training for Management of Body Composition, Lipid Profile and Glucose Metabolism in the Diabetic Elderly
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Louzada-Júnior, Adalberto

; da-Silva, Josimar Mota

; da-Silva, Vernon Furtado

; Castro, Antônio Clodoaldo Melo

; de-Freitas, Rodrigo Eufrásio

; Cavalcante, Joy Braga

; dos-Santos, Kennedy Maia

; Albuquerque, Ana Paula Azevedo

; Brandão, Paula Paraguassú

; Bello, Maria de Nazaré Dias

; Guimarães, Andrea Carmen

; Carvalho, Mauro Cesar Gurgel de Alencar

; Pernambuco, Carlos Soares

; Lima, Eder Benício Ramos

; Coelho, Renato Ramos

; Santos, César Augusto de Souza

; Bezerra, Jani Cleria Pereira

; Dantas, Estélio Henrique Martin

; Romeu-Silva, Paulo Martins

; da-Silva, Carolina Freitas

; Sampaio, Aristeia Nunes

; Valentim-Silva, João Rafael

International Journal of Morphology

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apr 2020, Volume 38 N. 2 Pages 392 - 399

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The exercise could play a central role to the fat management and glucose metabolism what can be a critical role in the health status of diabetic people, but the high intense exercise remains with controversial data about their effects. To identify the effect of the multimodal high-intensity interval training on body composition, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism in elderly diabetics. Methods: Elderly diabetic individuals (n = 48) were randomly divided in a Sedentary Control (SC) group, a Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) group, and a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group. MICT and HITT were conducted over 60 days, 3x per week, with 40 minutes of exercise. Blood was collected prior to intervention, at four, and at eight weeks subsequently to assess glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. Body composition was determined before and after the intervention period. To verify the normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was performed, followed by student "t" test or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test with significance of 5 % the Cohen’s f test to indicate the magnitude of the differences. HIIT significantly lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and significantly lowered blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p<0.05). MICT and HIIT significantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein, decreased total body mass and body mass index. HIIT resulted in significantly smaller waist circumferences, waist-to-hip ratios, and weight-to-height ratios over 60 days of training. HIIT is more effective than MICT for improving lipid and glycaemic profiles, decreasing body fat, and improving fat distribution elderly diabetics.

RESUMEN: El ejercicio podría desempeñar un papel central en el manejo de la grasa y el metabolismo de la glucosa, lo que puede ser un papel crítico en el estado de salud de las personas diabéticas, pero el ejercicio intenso intenso sigue teniendo datos controvertidos sobre sus efectos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el efecto del entrenamiento multimodal de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y el metabolismo de la glucosa en diabéticos de edad avanzada. Los individuos diabéticos de edad avanzada (n = 48) se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control sedentario (SC), un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) y un grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). MICT y HITT se realizaron durante 60 días, 3 veces por semana, con 40 minutos de ejercicio. Se recogió sangre antes de la intervención, a las cuatro y a las ocho semanas posteriormente para evaluar el metabolismo de la glucosa y los perfiles de lípidos. La composición corporal se determinó antes y después del período de intervención. Para verificar la normalidad se realizó la prueba estadística de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguida de la prueba "t" de Student o ANOVA de dos vías con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni con una significancia del 5 % de la prueba f de Cohen, indicando las diferencias. HIIT redujo significativamente los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos, además de reducir de manera importante los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y la hemoglobina glicosilada (p <0.05). MICT y HIIT aumentaron significativamente los niveles de lipoproteína de alta densidad, disminuyeron la masa corporal total y el índice de masa corporal. HIIT resultó en circunferencias de cintura significativamente más pequeñas, relaciones cintura-cadera y relaciones peso-altura durante 60 días de entrenamiento. HIIT es más efectivo que MICT para mejorar los perfiles de lípidos y glucémicos, disminuir la grasa corporal y mejorar la distribución de grasa en los diabéticos de edad avanzada.

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Differential survivorship of congeneric ornamental fishes under forecasted climate changes are related to anaerobic potential
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Gonçalves, Luciana Mara Fé

; Silva, Maria de Nazaré Paula da

; Val, Adalberto Luis

; Almeida-Val, Vera Maria Fonseca de

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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mar 2018, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 107 - 118

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Two Amazonian closely related tetras – cardinal Paracheirodon axelrodi and green neon P. simulans – were artificially acclimatized to environmental chambers mimicking future climate change scenarios (mild, moderate and extreme), using a microcosm facility. P. simulans survived (100%) to all scenarios after 30 days exposure, while P. axelrodi presented decreasing survival percentages according to environmental severity. These differences may be the reflection of distinct natural acclimatization to microhabitats between the species, which differ in thermal conditions. Survival responses might be related to differences in relative gene expression of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh), suggesting that P. axelrodi anaerobic potential is lower or non-existent compared to P. simulans, not tolerating long-term thermal challenges. Accordingly, increases in temperature and in CO2 levels caused increases in energy demand and resulted in activation of the anaerobic pathway, as demonstrated by the higher enzyme levels measured in head and tail portions of both species. Sustained anaerobic glycolysis is possible when fish live in challenging environments (low oxygen or high temperature). Our results clearly show that P. simulans has a larger scope for survival to higher energy demands due to its increased anaerobic potential compared to P. axelrodi.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0016 952 downloads

A multicenter study of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in a Brazilian pediatric population
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SILVA, Leni Verônica de Oliveira

; ARRUDA, José Alcides Almeida

; MARTELLI, Stephanie Joana

; KATO, Camila de Nazaré Alves de Oliveira

; NUNES, Laiz Fernanda Mendes

; VASCONCELOS, Ana Carolina Uchoa

; TARQUINIO, Sandra Beatriz Chaves

; GOMES, Ana Paula Neutzling

; GOMEZ, Ricardo Santiago

; MESQUITA, Ricardo Alves

; SILVEIRA, Marcia Maria Fonseca da

; SOBRAL, Ana Paula Veras

Brazilian Oral Research

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2018, Volume 32 elocation e20

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among children from representative regions of Brazil. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Biopsy records comprising the period from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the archives of three Brazilian oral pathology referral centers. A total of 32,506 biopsy specimens were analyzed, and specimens from 1,706 children aged 0–12 years were selected. Gender, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was carried out. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The post-hoc test was used to identify the subgroups that significantly differed from one another, and the Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 1,706 oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed in pediatric patients, including 51.9% girls. Oral mucocele was the most prevalent reactive/inflammatory lesion (64%). The most commonly affected sites were the lips (34.5%) and mandible (19.9%). A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (p < 0.001), and between age and anatomical location (p < 0.001). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions were frequent and showed wide diversity, with the prevalence of mucocele. Knowledge of oral lesions is important for pediatric dentists worldwide, since it provides accurate data for the diagnosis and oral health of children.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0020 2655 downloads

Ras oncogene and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (hif-1α) expression in the Amazon fish Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene.
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Silva, Grazyelle Sebrenski da

; Fé, Luciana Mara Lopes

; Silva, Maria de Nazaré Paula da

; Val, Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida e

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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jun 2017, Volume 40 N. 2 Pages 491 - 501

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a petroleum derivative capable of inducing cancer in human and animals. In this work, under laboratory conditions, we analyzed the responses of Colossoma macropomum to B[a]P acute exposure through intraperitoneal injection of four different B[a]P concentrations (4, 8, 16 and 32 μmol/kg) or corn oil (control group). We analyzed expression of the ras oncogene and the Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (hif-1α) gene using quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, liver histopathological changes and genotoxic effects were evaluated through the comet assay. Ras oncogene was overexpressed in fish exposed to 4, 8 of 16 μmol/kg B[a]P, showing 4.96, 7.10 and 6.78-fold increases, respectively. Overexpression also occurred in hif-1α in fish injected with 4 and 8 μmol/kg B[a]P, showing 8.82 and 4.64-fold increases, respectively. Histopathological damage in fish liver was classified as irreparable in fish exposed to 8, 16 and 32 μmol/kg μM B[a]P. The genotoxic damage increased in fish injected with 8 and 16 μmol/kg in comparison with the control group. Acute exposure of B[a]P was capable to interrupt the expression of ras oncogene and hif-1α, and increase DNA breaks due to tissue damage.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0066 1080 downloads

Efeito da quantidade de proteína na dieta e treinamento físico sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e zootécnicos de matrinchã (Brycon amazonicus, Günther 1869)
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Ferreira, Márcio Soares

; Aride, Paulo Henrique Rocha

; Silva, Maria de Nazaré Paula da

; Val, Adalberto Luis

Acta Amazonica

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dec 2013, Volume 43 N. 4 Pages 439 - 446

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a interação entre os efeitos do treinamento físico e da quantidade de proteína na dieta sobre a hematologia; a composição corpórea de proteínas, lipídeos e cinzas; o consumo alimentar, o ganho de massa e fator de conversão; o desempenho natatório e a resistência ao estresse causado pela hipóxia em exemplares de matrinchã. Os resultados indicam que a hematologia e o desempenho natatório não são alterados pelo treinamento físico ou pela concentração de proteína na dieta, porém, a resistência à hipóxia é aumentada pelo treinamento, como indicado por menores elevações dos níveis de glicose. O aumento da quantidade de proteína na dieta e o treinamento melhoram a conversão alimentar e o ganho de massa dos animais, enquanto que o aumento na ingestão de ração é causado apenas pelo treinamento. A aplicação concomitante dos dois fatores, embora cause efeito aditivo nos índices de ganho de massa e conversão alimentar, gera também os maiores acúmulos de gorduras no filé, o que sugere uma avaliação do tipo de gordura acumulada e da aceitação desta carne no mercado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of physical training and the dietary protein level on the hematological parameters, body proteins, lipids and ash content, food intake, conversion efficiency and growth ratio together with the swimming performance and the resistance to hypoxic stress in specimens of matrinchã. The results indicate that the swimming performance and hematology are not altered by physical training or by the diet protein content; moreover, the resistance to hypoxia is increased by the exercise, as indicated by the lower levels of plasma glucose. Increased amount of protein in the diet and training improve feed conversion and mass gain in the animals, while enhanced food intake is related to training. The simultaneous application of those two factors causes a combined and improved effect on the mass gain and the conversion rates. Due to higher fat accumulation in the fillet, future assessment of stored fat type is suggested, as well as evaluation of market acceptance of the fish product.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672013000400005 3618 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

Anoxia- and hypoxia-induced expression of LDH-A* in the Amazon Oscar, Astronotus crassipinis
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Almeida-Val, Vera Maria Fonseca

; Oliveira, Alice Reis

; Silva, Maria de Nazaré Paula da

; Ferreira-Nozawa, Monica Stropa

; Araújo, Roziete Mendes

; Val, Adalberto Luis

; Nozawa, Sérgio Ricardo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2011, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 315 - 322

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Adaptation or acclimation to hypoxia occurs via the modulation of physiologically relevant genes, such as erythropoietin, transferrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase A. In the present study, we have cloned, sequenced and examined the modulation of the LDH-A gene after an Amazonian fish species, Astronotus crassipinis (the Oscar), was exposed to hypoxia and anoxia. In earlier studies, we have discovered that adults of this species are extremely tolerant to hypoxia and anoxia, while the juveniles are less tolerant. Exposure of juveniles to acute hypoxia and anoxia resulted in increased LDH-A gene expression in skeletal and cardiac muscles. When exposed to graded hypoxia juveniles show decreased LDH-A expression. In adults, the levels of LDH-A mRNA did not increase in hypoxic or anoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that, when given time for acclimation, fish at different life-stages are able to respond differently to survive hypoxic episodes.

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10.

Análise hidrológica e socioambiental da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Romão dos Reis, Viçosa-MG
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Santos, Genice Vieira

; Dias, Herly Carlos Teixeira

; Silva, Ana Paula de Souza

; Macedo, Maria de Nazaré Costa de

Revista Árvore

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oct 2007, Volume 31 N. 5 Pages 931 - 940

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os aspectos hidrológico e socioeconômico da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Romão dos Reis, que se localiza no Município de Viçosa, na região da Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais. O estudo enfatizou o uso e ocupação da terra como fatores determinantes na análise da qualidade da água, além dos fatores físicos da bacia. Esta foi dividida em sub-bacias, o que possibilitou a escolha de locais representativos para coleta e análise de dados. Coletaram-se os dados referentes a vazão, qualidade da água, elevações, precipitação, uso do solo, tipo de solo e aspectos sociais e econômicos. Para a elaboração dos mapas, utilizou-se o modelo digitalizado, construído a partir de mosaicos e fotos aéreas da região, na escala de 1:30.000. As informações sobre o número de moradores e proprietários, assim como os seus respectivos sistemas de cultivos e ocupação na bacia, foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, visando melhor compreender a organização social e o manejo de uso da terra das propriedades. Foram apontados indicadores de degradação, assim como estratégias de manejo adequadas à melhoria ambiental, que venham contribuir e garantir a sustentabilidade da bacia.

This study was carried out to analyze the hydrological and socioeconomic aspects in the hydrographic watershed of Romão dos Reis stream in Viçosa county, Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais State. In this study, the land use and occupation are emphasized as determinant factors for analyzing water quality, besides physical factors. The watershed was divided into sub-watersheds enabling to choose the representative sites for data collection and analysis. Data on flow rate, water quality, relief, precipitation, landscape (top, hillside and terrace), soil type, social and economic aspects were collected. A digitalized model built from mosaics and aerial photos of the area at 1:30.000 scale was used to draw up the maps. Information on the number of residents and owners as well as their respective cropping systems and watershed occupation were obtained by applying semi-structured interviews in order to get a better understanding of the social organization and management of land use in the farms. Degradation indicators were pointed out, as well as suitable management strategies for environmental improvement that would contribute and ensure the sustainability of the watershed.

7084 downloads Cited 6 times in SciELO

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Index code	Element
ti	article title
au	author
kw	article keywords
subject	subject (title words, abstract and keywords)
ab	abstract
ta	journal short title (e.g. Cad. Saúde Pública)
journal_title	journal full title (e.g. Cadernos de Saúde Pública)
la	publication language code (e.g. pt - Portuguese, es - Spanish)
type	document type
pid	publication identifier
publication_year	publication year of publication
sponsor	sponsor
aff_country	country code of the author's affiliation
aff_institution	author affiliation institution
volume	article volume
issue	article issue
elocation	elocation
doi	DOI number
issn	journal ISSN
in	SciELO colection code (e.g. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia)
use_license	article usage license code

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