RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar as características clínicas, as comorbidades associadas e os desfechos da COVID-19 em adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática elaborada com base em artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2022 nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Science Direct, Web of Science e Scopus. O estudo foi registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, n° CRD42022309108. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 1.188 estudos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, 13 artigos foram incluídos. A prevalência foi de 25%; os casos leves foram predominantes; e febre, tosse, cefaleia, anosmia, congestão nasal e ageusia foram frequentes. Febre e tosse foram proporcionalmente maiores em casos hospitalizados, com 81 e 68%, respectivamente. Dispneia (OR 6,3; IC95% 2,8–14,3), febre (OR 3,8; IC95% 2,0–7,4) e tosse (OR 3,4; IC95% 2,0–6,0) foram associados a casos graves. Até 28% necessitaram de cuidados intensivos e 38% de ventilação mecânica. A preexistência de comorbidade aumentou o risco de internação e óbito. Os casos graves estão associados ao risco de óbito (risco relativo — RR 4,6; IC95% 2,8–7,5). As raças/cores preta, parda e indígena e os moradores de regiões mais pobres foram grupo de risco. Conclusões: A revisão permitiu conhecer o perfil da doença e poderá favorecer a elaboração de políticas públicas, além de contribuir para a literatura atual no campo da saúde do adolescente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the COVID-19 clinical characteristics, associated comorbidities, and outcomes in adolescents. Data source: This is a systematic review study based on articles published between 2020 and 2022 in the United States National Library of Medicine - PubMed (MedLine), Virtual Health Library – VHL (LILACS), Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus (Elsevier) databases. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, under No. CRD42022309108. Data synthesis: A total of 1188 studies were identified. After applying the selection criteria, 13 articles were included. Prevalence was 25%; mild cases were predominant; and fever, cough, headache, anosmia, nasal congestion, and ageusia were frequent. Fever and cough were proportionally higher in hospitalized cases: 81 and 68%, respectively. Dyspnea (odds ratio [OR] 6.3; confidence interval 95%[CI] 2.8–14.3), fever (OR 3.8; 95%CI 2.0–7.4), and cough (OR 3.4; 95%CI 2.0–6.0) were associated with severe cases. Up to 28% required intensive care and 38% required mechanical ventilation. Pre-existing comorbidities increased the risk of hospitalization and death. Severe cases were associated with the risk of death (relative risk [RR] 4.6; 95%CI 2.8–7.5). The black, mixed, and indigenous races/skin colors represented risk groups, as well as residents of poorer regions. Conclusions: The review provided a better understanding of the disease profile and may favor the development of public policies, in addition to contributing to the current literature in the field of adolescent health.

ABSTRACT: The use of plant resistance acts by intervening in the herbivore-host relationship, through morphological, physical or chemical factors of the plant. This study evaluated the oviposition and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) in soybean genotypes, in free- and no-choice tests, correlating them with the factors, density and size of trichomes. The experiments were carried out in laboratory (25 ± 2 °C; RH= 70 ± 10%; photoperiod 14h) using five cultivars (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) and two isolines (PELBR 10-6000 and PELBR 10-6049). The trichomes reported were filiform tectors and claviform multicellular glandular. The density of glandular trichomes, in stages V2 and V5, was higher on BRS 6203 RR and BRS 391, respectively. The higher density of glandular trichomes was observed in V5 and a higher density of tector trichomes in V2. The lowest densities and the smallest sizes of trichomes in V2 and V5 stages was observed on PELBR 10-6049. The size of tector trichomes and the number of eggs did not differ among the cultivars. Foliar consumption was lower for on BMX Icone Ipro and Tec Irga 6070 RR. Trichome density influences the consumption and oviposition behavior of C. includens.

RESUMO: O uso da resistência de plantas atua intervindo na relação herbívoro-hospedeiro, através de fatores morfológicos, físicos ou químicos da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a oviposição e o consumo foliar de Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) em genótipos de soja, através de testes com e sem escolha, correlacionando-os com os fatores, densidade e tamanho de tricomas. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório (25 ± 2 °C; UR= 70 ± 10%; fotoperíodo 14h) utilizando cinco cultivares (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) e duas linhagens (PELBR 10-6000 e PELBR 10-6049). Os tricomas encontrados foram tectores filiformes e glandulares multicelulares claviformes. A densidade de tricomas glandulares nos estágios V2 e V5, foi maior em BRS 6203 RR e BRS 391, respectivamente. A maior densidade de tricomas glandulares foi observada em V5 e a maior densidade de tricomas tectores em V2. As menores densidades e os menores tamanhos de tricomas nos estágios V2 e V5 foram observados em PELBR 10-6049. O tamanho de tricomas tectores e o número de ovos não diferiram entre as cultivares. O consumo foliar foi menor para BMX Icone Ipro e Tec Irga 6070 RR. A densidade de tricomas influência o comportamento de consumo e oviposição de C. includens.

ABSTRACT: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of America, and is an important pest of Fabaceae, such as: soybean, peanut, common bean, cowpea, pea, chickpea and kudzu. In soybean, the velvet bean caterpillar is important due to the plant defoliation in their larval stage. This study evaluated soybean cultivars as source of resistance to A. gemmatalis by antixenosis (attractiveness and non-preference for feeding) and antibiosis (biological parameters of the insect). The parameters evaluated were: antixenosis: attractiveness and non-preference, dry mass consumed and attractiveness index and antibiosis: duration of larval and pupal stages, adult longevity, total cycle, larval and pupal weights and larval, pupal and total viability. Considering antixenosis and antibiosis the least suitable cultivars for A. gemmatalis were found to be BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO and BRS 1003 IPRO due to high mortality in the larval phase. The cultivars BRS 523 and BRS 543 RR “block technology” suggest displays antixenosis and or antibiosis to A. gemmatalis. These cultivars can be used by soybean producers in combination with other control tactics in soybean IPM.

RESUMO: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) está distribuída nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América, trata-se de importante praga de Fabaceae, como: soja, amendoim, feijão, feijão-caupi, ervilha, grão de bico e kudzu. Na soja, a lagarta-da-soja é importante devido à desfolha da planta em sua fase larval. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de soja como fonte de resistência a A. gemmatalis por antixenose (atratividade e não-preferência para alimentação) e antibiose (parâmetros biológicos do inseto). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: antixenose: atratividade e não-preferência, massa seca consumida e índice de atratividade e antibiose: duração dos estágios larval e pupal, longevidade de adultos, ciclo total, peso larval e pupal e viabilidade larval, pupal e total. Na antixenose e antibiose os cultivares menos favoráveis a A. gemmatalis foram: BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO e BRS 1003 IPRO devido à alta mortalidade larval. Os cultivares BRS 523 e BRS 543 RR “Tecnologia block” apresentaram antixenose e/ou antibiose a A. gemmatalis. Essas cultivares podem serem utilizadas por produtores de soja em combinação com outras táticas de controle no MIP.

RESUMO Objetivo: Calcular a taxa de recorrência de tuberculose, estimar seu tempo médio e identificar seus fatores associados no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com dados de linkage do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Incluímos pessoas diagnosticadas com tuberculose em 2015, com foco naquelas que tiveram sua primeira recorrência em 6,5 anos. Estimamos o risco relativo (RR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), assim como a fração atribuível populacional (FAP) ou a fração prevenível populacional (FPP) dos fatores associados. Resultados: No período de 6,5 anos, 3.253 indivíduos (6,5%) tiveram recorrência de tuberculose, com tempo médio de 2,2 anos. Fatores positivamente associados incluíram: sexo masculino (RR: 1,4; IC95% 1,3–1,5; FAP: 22,9%), idade de 30 a 59 anos (RR: 3,0; IC95% 1,6–5,7; FAP: 36,0%), raça/cor preta (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2–1,5; FAP: 3,5%) ou raça/cor parda (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2–1,4; FAP: 10,6%), privação de liberdade (RR: 1,9; IC95% 1,7–2,1; FAP: 9,1%), forma clínica pulmonar/mista (RR: 1,7; IC95% 1,4–1,9; FAP: 37,1%), diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (RR: 1,8; IC95% 1,5–1,9; FAP: 4,3%) e uso de álcool (RR: 1,2; IC95% 1,1–1,3; FAP: 2,9%). Fatores negativamente associados foram: 12 ou mais anos de estudo (RR: 0,5; IC95% 0,4–0,6; FPP: 3,3%) e tratamento supervisionado (RR: 0,9; IC95% 0,8–0,9; FPP: 4,4%). Conclusão: Revelamos taxas elevadas de recorrência de tuberculose no Brasil, com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e sociais influenciando na recorrência da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To calculate the rate of tuberculosis recurrence, estimate its average time until recurrence, and identify factors associated with recurrence in Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with a linked database from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The study included individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2015, focusing on those who experienced their first recurrence within 6.5 years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI), as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) or the population preventable fraction (PPF) of associated factors. Results: Within a 6.5-year period, 3,253 individuals (6.5%) experienced tuberculosis recurrence, with a median time of 2.2 years. Positively associated factors included: male sex (RR: 1.4; 95%CI 1.3–1.5; PAF: 22.9%), age 30 to 59 years (RR: 3.0; 95%CI 1.6–5.7; PAF: 36.0%), black race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2–1.5; PAF: 3.5%), mixed race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2–1.4; PAF: 10.6%), deprivation of liberty (RR: 1.9; 95%CI 1.7–2.1; PAF: 9.1%), pulmonary/mixed clinical form (RR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.4–1.9; PAF: 37.1%), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.5–1.9; PAF: 4.3%), and alcohol use (RR: 1.2; 95%CI 1.1–1.3; PAF: 2.9%). Negatively associated factors were: 12 or more years of schooling (RR: 0.5; 95%CI 0.4–0.6; PPF: 3.3%) and supervised treatment (RR: 0.9; 95%CI 0.8–0.9; PPF: 4.4%). Conclusion: This study revealed high tuberculosis recurrence rates in Brazil, influenced by sociodemographic, compartmental, and social factors, both positively and negatively impacting disease recurrence.

Resumen Hoy en día la medición de la dinámica respiratoria está infravalorada en el ámbito clínico y en la vida diaria de un sujeto, y sigue representando un reto desde el punto de vista técnico y médico. En este artículo proponemos un concepto para medir algunos de sus parámetros, como la frecuencia respiratoria (FR), utilizando cuatro sensores inerciales. Se realizaron dos experimentos diferentes para validar el concepto. Analizamos la colocación más adecuada de cada sensor para evaluar esas características y estudiamos la fiabilidad del sistema para medir parámetros anormales de la respiración (taquipnea, bradipnea y retención de la respiración). Por último, realizamos mediciones en pacientes posCOVID-19, algunos de ellos con alteraciones respiratorias después de más de un año del diagnóstico. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que el sistema propuesto podría utilizarse potencialmente para medir la dinámica respiratoria en el ámbito clínico. Además, mientras que la FR puede calcularse fácilmente con cualquier sensor, otros parámetros deben medirse con un sensor en una posición determinada.

Abstract Nowadays, the measurement of respiratory dynamics is underrated at clinical setting and in the daily life of a subject, still representing a challenge from a technical and medical point of view. In this article we propose a concept to measure some of its parameters, such as the respiratory rate (RR), using four inertial sensors. Two different experiments were performed to validate the concept. We analyzed the most suitable placement of each sensor to assess those features and studied the reliability of the system to measure abnormal parameters of respiration (tachypnea, bradypnea and breath holding). Finally, we measured post-COVID-19 patients, some of them with breath alterations after more than a year of the diagnosis. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could be potentially used to measure the respiratory dynamics at clinical setting. Moreover, while RR can be easily calculated by any sensor, other parameters need to be measured with a sensor in a particular position.

ABSTRACT The intercropping between maize and forage species is an alternative commonly used within farming systems. Competition among crops may be a limiting factor in intercropping, compromising maize and forage yield. Although necessary, the literature does not provide satisfactory answers on the interaction of forage crops launched in the market recently, such as BRS Zuri, intercropped with maize. Therefore, techniques such as the use of herbicide subdoses come in as an option to suppress forage growth, making simultaneous cultivation feasible. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate herbicide subdoses on the development of Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri intercropped with Roundup Ready® (RR) maize and how this interaction reflects on the weed population, forage yield, and biometric and yield variables of maize. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments consisting of six subdoses of glyphosate herbicide (0, 48, 96, 240, 480, and 960 g acid equivalent [a.e.] ha-1) and maize in monoculture with four replications. For the conditions of this study, the dose of 480 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate may be an alternative since there was weed suppression and adequate forage development. Maize yield was not affected by the presence of forage.

RESUMO O consórcio entre milho e espécies forrageiras é uma alternativa comumente utilizada dentro dos sistemas agropecuários. A competição entre as culturas pode ser um fator limitante no consórcio, comprometendo a produção do milho e forragem. Embora necessário, a interação de forrageiras lançadas no mercado nos últimos anos, como a BRS Zuri consorciada com a cultura do milho, não fornece respostas satisfatórias na literatura. Por isso, técnicas como a utilização de subdoses de herbicida entra com uma opção a fim de suprimir o crescimento da forrageira, viabilizando o cultivo simultâneo. Assim, objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar os efeitos de subdoses do herbicida glyphosate sobre o desenvolvimento de Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri consorciado com milho RR (Roundup Ready®) e como essa interação reflete na população de plantas daninhas, no rendimento da forrageira e nas variáveis biométricas e produtivas do milho. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, cujos tratamentos consistiram em seis subdoses do herbicida glyphosate (0, 48, 96, 240, 480 e 960 g equivalente ácido [e.a.] ha-1), além do milho em monocultivo com quatro repetições. Para as condições do presente estudo, a dose de 480 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate pode ser uma alternativa, visto que houve a supressão de plantas daninhas e um adequado desenvolvimento da forragem. Já o rendimento do milho não foi afetado pela presença da forrageira.

Resumen: El polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 determina la expresión de la proteína alfa-actinina 3 en la musculatura humana. El genotipo homocigoto XX no logra sintetizar alfa-actinina 3 y se asocia a una menor fuerza muscular que el genotipo RR. Las enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM) generan pérdida acelerada de fuerza muscular, y su relación con el gen ACTN3 no ha sido establecida. Objetivo: Describir las variables de fuerza, resistencia muscular respiratoria y función pulmonar en pacientes con ENM que presentan el polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observational descriptivo. Fueron evaluados 6 sujetos entre 10 y 14 años, con diagnóstico de ENM atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile. Fueron genotipificados con el polimorfismo R577X de ACTN3 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La medición de función pulmonar se realizó con espirometría. La fuerza muscular se evaluó con Presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMax), Presión espiratoria máxima (PEMax) y Fuerza prensil manual (FPM). La resistencia muscular respiratoria fue evaluada mediante tiempo límite (TLim). Resultados: La mediana y percentil 25-75 [Med(p25-p75)] del porcentajes de límite inferior (%Li) para FPM, PIMax y PEMax fue: 36,01 (16,88-53,30)%, 68,88 (41,07-89,59)% y 38,74 (27,74-56,90)% respectivamente. La Med(p25-p75) de TLim fue 299,0 (113,3-356,3) segundos. La genotipificación del polimorfismo R577X de ACTN3: en 2 sujetos fue XX, en 2 RX y en 2 RR. Conclusiones: Los sujetos presentaron alteraciones espirométricas ventilatorias restrictivas y disminución de la fuerza muscular al contrastarlo con los valores de referencia. No se pudo establecer relación con el polimorfismo del gen ACTN3.

Abstract: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism determines the expression of alpha-actinin 3 protein in human muscle. The homozygous XX genotype fails to synthesize alpha-actinin 3 and is associated with lower muscle strength than the RR genotype. Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) generate an accelerated loss of muscle strength, and their relationship with the ACTN3 gene has not been established. Objective: To describe the variables of strength, respiratory muscle endurance, and lung function in patients with NMD who present the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. Patients and Method: Descriptive observational study. Six subjects between 10 and 14 years old, with a diagnosis of NMD, treated at the Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. They were genotyped with the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lung function was measured by spirometry. Muscle strength was evaluated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and grip strength (GS). Respiratory muscle endurance was evaluated by time limit (TLim). Results: The median and 25-75th percentile [Med(p25-p75)] of the lower limit percentages (%Li) for GS, MIP, and MEP were: 36.01% (16.88-53.3o), 68.88% (41.07-89.59), and 38.74% (27.74-56.90), respectively. The Med(p25-p75) of TLim was 299.0 (113.3-356.3) seconds. Regarding the genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, in 2 subjects it was XX, in 2 RX, and in 2 RR. Conclusions: The subjects presented restrictive ventilatory spirometric alterations and decreased muscle strength when compared with the reference values. No relationship could be established with the ACTN3 gene polymorphism.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim (thrombopoietin-receptor agonist) in the treatment of pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov (from January 2011 to August 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), double-blind, comparing romiplostim with a placebo in pediatric persistent or chronic ITP were included. The primary outcome was the overall response rate (platelets ≥ 50 × 109/L) in the absence of rescue therapy for at least two consecutive weeks. The secondary endpoints were the minimization of clinically significant bleeding and the necessity for rescue treatments and the maximization of safety (incidence of overall adverse events) and durable response (maintaining platelet counts for at least twelve weeks). Results Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (84 participants) were included in this systematic review. Our data showed that, compared to the placebo group, the proportion of patients achieving durable platelet response was significantly higher in the romiplostim group (p= 0.003, RR = 6.34, 95%CI = 1.89 - 21.23), as was the overall response in the romiplostim group (p= 0.002, RR = 3.62, 95%CI = 1.63 - 8.03). Significant bleeding incidents (p= 0.49), overall adverse events (p= 0.71) and the need for rescue treatment (p= 0.13) were not statistically different between the romiplostim and placebo groups. Conclusions Romiplostim might improve both durable and overall platelet response in children and adolescents with ITP, compared to a placebo. More clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim and to compare it with other second-line treatments that are being used in pediatric ITP.

ABSTRACT Studies about the combining ability and genetic diversity can provide information on the genetic resources contained in the working collection of germplasm. The objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability of ten soybean parents and their hybrids in the F1 generation using diallel analysis and genetic diversity analysis to evaluate the dissimilarity between parents and crosses. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with five replications, during the 2019/2020 crop season, in the municipality of Rio Verde, State of Goiás, Brazil. Agronomic and physiological variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Diallel analysis was performed using the Griffing method 2. Analysis of genetic diversity was performed with the Mahalanobis generalized distance and the hierarchical average linkage clustering. Additive gene effects were predominant in the control of all variables analyzed in the F1 generation. The parents SYN 1163 RR and CG 7370 RR showed good complementarity for the variable grain yield. The thirty-five genotypes were separated into six groups, and the variable weight of one hundred seeds had the greatest contribution to genetic diversity.

ABSTRACT Objective: In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the objective of this study was to determine, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether the use of N95/FFP2 masks during aerobic exercise has a significant impact on HR, RR, SpO2, and blood pressure (BP) in healthy individuals. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database for studies published in English between 2005 and 2021. To reduce bias and increase reliability, only randomized controlled trials and randomized crossover clinical trials were considered for inclusion. The selected outcomes included HR, RR, SpO2, and BP, with perceived exertion being evaluated by means of the Borg scale. Results: Eight controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Seven evaluated HR (p > 0.05), five evaluated RR (p > 0.05), five evaluated SpO2 and BP (p > 0.05 for both), and six evaluated perceived exertion, presenting controversial results such as risk ratios that were grouped for each variable. Conclusions: This study suggests that N95 and FFP2 masks do not have significant effects on HR, RR, SpO2, and BP during aerobic exercise in healthy individuals.

RESUMO Objetivo: Diante da atual pandemia de COVID-19, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, se o uso de máscaras N95/PFF2 durante o exercício aeróbico tem impacto significativo na FC, FR, SpO2 e pressão arterial (PA) em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Buscamos no banco de dados MEDLINE estudos publicados em inglês entre 2005 e 2021. Para reduzir o viés e aumentar a confiabilidade, foram considerados para inclusão no estudo somente ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados e ensaios clínicos cruzados randomizados. Os desfechos selecionados foram FC, FR, SpO2 e PA; a percepção de esforço foi avaliada por meio da escala de Borg. Resultados: Oito ensaios controlados foram incluídos na meta-análise. Sete avaliaram FC (p > 0,05), cinco avaliaram FR (p > 0,05), cinco avaliaram SpO2 e PA (p > 0,05 para ambas) e seis avaliaram a percepção de esforço, com resultados controversos (razões de risco agrupadas para cada variável, por exemplo). Conclusões: Este estudo sugere que as máscaras N95 e PFF2 não têm efeitos significativos na FC, FR, SpO2 e PA durante o exercício aeróbico em indivíduos saudáveis.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of threonine:digestible lysine ratio in the diet on the physiological variables and weight of organs of light laying hens. Two hundred and ten 47 week-old Dekalb White laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of threonine (0.507; 0.552; 0.597; 0.642 and 0.677%) and seven replicates of six birds each. The experimental period was 10 weeks, totaling 62 days and more eight days for the animals to adapt. The physiological parameters of cloacal temperature (CT), respiratory rate (RR) and average surface temperature (AST) were recorded weekly (7:00 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and 7:00 pm); after solid and water fasting, the birds were slaughtered to assess the absolute weight of the organs. The time of day influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters RR and AST, and CT showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of increasing levels of digestible threonine. The total weight of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the increase in the levels of digestible threonine. The respiratory rate is affected by the levels of threonine in the diet. The 0.687% level promoted hypertrophy of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung, promoting more significant activity of these organs.

ABSTRACT: This study checked the severity and incubation period of isolates of Coryneporacassiicola (C.c) in soybean cultivars, as well verified whether the position of leaflets influences the susceptibility of the plant to target spot. The experiment was conducted in randomized block with 8 isolates of C.c and 8 soybean cultivars factorial scheme, with five repetitions each block. The plants were inoculated with suspension from 2x104 conidia mL-1. The number of lesions per leaf and the incubation period (IP) were evaluated. The ISO 4S isolate caused greater number of lesions in plants. BMX Potência RR, BMX Força RR, and NA 5909 RG had the lowest occurrence of lesions, while the cultivar BMX Elite IPRO showed the highest number of lesions. More lesions were detected in the lower leaf compared to the upper leaf of the plants. The longest IP was observed for ISO 4S in both leaflets, while the lowest IP for ISO 1A, 3A and 2A in the lower leaf, and for ISO 11S and 1S in the median leaf. For cultivars, significant difference in IP was observed only in the lower leaf, with the longest and shortest IP detected for BMX Elite IPRO and BRS 284, respectively. In general, the upper leaf of the plants presented the shortest IP while the lower leaf had the longest IP.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o número de lesões e período de incubação de isolados de Corynespora cassiicola (C.c) em cultivares de soja, bem como verificar a influência da posição dos trifólios quanto a suscetibilidade a mancha alvo. O delineamento experimental foi de bloco causalizado em arranjo fatorial, oito isolados de C.c e oito cultivares de soja, com cinco repetições em cada bloco. As plantas foram inoculadas com suspensão de 2x104 conídio mL-1. Foram avaliados o número de lesões por folha e o período de incubação (IP). O isolado ISO 4S proporcionou maior número de lesões nas plantas. BMX Potência RR, BMX Força RR e NA 5909 RG apresentaram a menor ocorrência de lesões, enquanto a cultivar BMX Elite IPRO apresentou o maior número de lesões. Maior quantidade de lesões foram detectadas no trifólio inferior em comparação com o trifólio superior das plantas. O IP mais longo foi observado para ISO 4S em ambos os trifólios, enquanto o IP mais curto para ISO 1A, 3A e 2A no trifólio inferior, e para ISO 11S e 1S, trifólio mediano. Para as cultivares, observou-se diferença significativa no IP apenas no trifólio inferior, sendo o maior e menor IP constatados para BMX Elite IPRO e BRS 284, respectivamente. De modo geral, o trifólio superior das plantas demostrou o menor IP, enquanto o trifólio inferior o maior IP.

ABSTRACT Two hundred and forty Japanese quail aged 125 days were randomly allocated to five treatment groups based on laying (%) and quail’s weight (90.71 ± 1.8% egg/day × 100 and 178.05 ± 9.38 g, respectively), each of which included six replicates of eight quails. The diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and industrial amino acids. An optimal diet achieves 100% of amino acids required by the quail requirements, except for threonine. Five treatments were made: 20% less amino acid; 10% less amino acid; optimal diet; 10% more amino acid; and 20% more amino acids than those in the optimal diet. The increase in amino acid levels in a fixed Lys: amino acid ratio led to histological alterations in the liver and uterine epithelium, reduction in blood lipid peroxidation, lower hepatic HSP70 gene expression, and the performance of laying Japanese quail. The optimal diet based on the NRC with an adjusted Thr: Lys 78 ratio (Lys 1.0%) improved the performance and efficiency of Japanese quail from 125 to 230 days of age.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with chronic neck pain and patients with chronic low back pain and to correlate the chronic pain variables with heart rate variability indices. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. We divided the sample into two groups: neck pain (n=30) and low back pain (n=30). We used the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. For heart rate variability analysis, we used the following indices: mean RR, standard deviation of all RR intervals, mean heart rate, root mean square differences of successive RR intervals, triangular index, triangular interpolation of the interval histogram, low-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, high-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, standard deviation of the instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (standard deviation 1), long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals (standard deviation 2), and Stress Index. We used Student’s t-test for comparisons and Spearman’s coefficient for correlations. RESULTS: We observe insignificant values in the differences between the groups. Disability and self-efficacy were correlated with heart rate variability only in patients with chronic neck pain, whereas catastrophizing and kinesiophobia showed greater correlations with heart rate variability in patients with chronic low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic dysfunction of individuals with chronic neck pain, when compared to patients with chronic low back pain, does present insignificant differences.

Abstract Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Air temperature is one of the risk factors for CVD; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between air temperature and mortality from these diseases in Brazil. This time series study investigated the relationship between air temperature and CVD mortality in 10 microregions located across Brazil’s five regions during the period 1996 to 2017 using mortality data from the national health information system, DATASUS and daily mean temperature data. The association between mean air temperature and mortality from CVD was measured using generalized additive models with Poisson distribution and relative and attributable risks were estimated together with 95% confidence intervals using distributed lag non-linear models and a 14-day lag. There were 531,733 deaths from CVD during the study period, 21,220 of which (11,138-30,546) were attributable to air temperature. Minimum mortality temperatures ranged from 20.1ºC in Curitiba to 29.6ºC in Belém. Associations between suboptimal air temperatures and increased risk of death from CVD were observed in all of Brazil’s five regions. Relative risk from the cold was highest in Manaus (RR 1.53; 1.22-1.91) and Campo Grande (RR 1.52; 1.18-1.94), while relative risk from heat was highest in Manaus (RR 1.75; 1.35-2.26) and Brasília (RR 1.36; 1.15-1.60).

Resumo As doenças cerebrovasculares (DCV) estão entre as principais causas de mortalidade no mundo e a temperatura do ar é um dos seus fatores de risco, embora sua relação seja pouco estudada no Brasil. Este artigo objetiva investigar a relação entre temperatura do ar e mortalidade por DCV em 10 microrregiões nas cinco grandes regiões brasileiras. Foi realizado estudo de séries temporais com os óbitos diários por DCV e a média diária de temperatura do ar no período de 1996 a 2017. Foram utilizando dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) e modelos aditivos generalizados com distribuição de Poisson e os riscos relativos e atribuíveis foram estimados (com intervalo de confiança de 95%) até uma defasagem de 14 dias com modelos DLNM (distributed lag non-linear models). No período ocorreram 531.733 óbitos por DCV nestas microrregiões, dos quais 21.220 (11.138-30.546) atribuíveis à temperatura do ar. As temperaturas de mortalidade mínima variaram entre 20,1°C em Curitiba a 29,6°C em Belém. Foram observadas associações entre temperaturas não ótimas do ar e aumento no risco de óbito em todas as cinco regiões brasileiras, destacando Manaus com risco relativo (RR) 1,53 (1,22-1,91) e Campo Grande com RR 1,52 (1,18-1,94) no frio, e Manaus com RR 1,75 (1,35-2,26) e Brasília com RR 1,36 (1,15-1,60) no calor.