There is a great variety of injuries that affect peripheral nerves derived from acquired or congenital degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system that cause loss of sensorimotor functions. The objective of this work was to perform an end-to-side or side-to-side experimental axonal stereological study in order to compare volume density of axons, endouneuro and myelin sheath (and muscle mass) in peroneal and tibial nerves, with anastomosis contact from 0.25 cm to 0.50 cm. After approval of the Ethics Committe, 20 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (G1= end-to-side neurorrhaphy; G2= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0.25 cm; G3= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0 cm and G4= Control of normality). After 180 days, fragments of peroneal and tibial nerves were collected for histological and stereological study. In comparative stereological experimental study between neurorraphies, the volume density of axons, myelin sheath of tibial and fibular nerves, as well as the post-surgical muscle mass, remains the same in end-to-side and side-to-side neurorraphies, regardless of contact area of anastomosis. It can be inferred, as surgical repair options, both end-to-side neurorrhaphy to recover and prevents atrophy of the endplate as side-to-side neurorraphy that is independent of the distance between the nerve stumps.

Gran variedad de lesiones atingen a los nervios periféricos, derivadas de enfermedades adquiridas o degenerativas congénitas que afectan la parte central del sistema nervioso y que ocasionan pérdida de funciones sensoriomotoras. El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar un estudio experimental estereológico axonal post neurorrafias termino-lateral o latero-lateral para comparar densidad de volumen de axones, endoneuro y vaina de mielina (así como masa muscular) en nervios fibular y tibial, con unión de contacto entre 0,25 cm y 0,50 cm. Tras la aprobación del comité de ética, fueran utilizados 20 ratones machos de la raza Wistar divididos en cuatro grupos de 5 ratones cada uno (G1= Neurorrafia término lateral; G2= Neurorrafia latero lateral de 0,25 cm; G3= Neurorrafia latero lateral de 0,50 cm y G4= Control). Posteriormente, fragmentos de los nervios tibiales y fibulares fueron procesados para estudios histológicos y estereológicos. En el estudio experimental estereológico comparativo entre neurorrafias termino-lateral y latero-lateral, la densidad de volumen de axones, endoneuro y vaina de mielina de nervios tibial y fibular y también la masa muscular post quirúrgica se mantuvo equitativa, independientemente del área de unión de contacto. Podemos inferir como opciones de reparación quirúrgica, que el tratamiento de la neurorrafia termino-lateral y latero-lateral previnen la atrofia de placa motora, independiente de la distancia entre los muñones nerviosos.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide information regarding the marginal adaptation of composite resin onlays in primary teeth previously treated with 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (pulp irrigant) using two different resin luting agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted sound primary molars had their crowns prepared in a standardized machine and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): G1 (1% NaOCl irrigation+EnForce); G2 (EnForce); G3 (1% NaOCl irrigation+Rely X); G4 (Rely X). The onlays were made with Z250 composite resin on plaster models. After luting, the tooth/restoration set was stored in 100% relative humidity at 37ºC for 24 h and finished with Soflex discs. Caries Detector solution was applied at the tooth/restoration interface for 5 s. The specimens were washed and four digital photos of each tooth were then taken. The extents of the gaps were measured with Image Tool 3.0 software. The percentage data were submitted to a Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). The Relative Risk test analyzed the chance of a gap presence correlated to each group. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the groups. The relative risk test revealed that some groups were more apt to have a presence of gaps than others. CONCLUSION: Neither the 1% NaOCl treatment nor the resin luting agents caused any alterations in the dental substrate that could have influenced the marginal adaptation of composite onlays in primary teeth.

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) está associado a um largo espectro de lesões em humanos e tem sido ligado à carcinogênese oral. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença do DNA do HPV em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de lábio e correlacioná-la com aspectos clínicos e fatores de risco. Foram estudados 33 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de lábio. Destes, 30 pacientes foram positivos para o gene da beta-globina humana e então foram testados para o DNA do HPV com uso da reação em cadeia de polimerase em duas etapas (PCR e nPCR) com os oligonucleotídeos iniciadores MY11/MY09 e GP5+/ GP6+. O DNA do HPV foi detectado em 43,33% dos 30 pacientes analisados. Não houve associação com os fatores de risco analisados.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a wide spectrum of lesions in humans, and it has been linked to oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate it with clinical characteristics and risk factors. We studied 33 patients with lip squamous cell carcinomas. Of these, 30 were positive for human beta globin gene and tested for HPV DNA, using polymerase chain reaction in two steps (PCR and nPCR) with MY11/MY09 and GP5+/GP6+ primers. HPV DNA was detected in 43.33% of patients analyzed. There was no association with the risk factors analyzed.

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) está associado a um largo espectro de lesões em humanos e tem sido ligado à carcinogênese oral. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença do DNA do HPV em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de lábio e correlacioná-la com aspectos clínicos e fatores de risco. Foram estudados 33 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de lábio. Destes, 30 pacientes foram positivos para o gene da beta-globina humana e então foram testados para o DNA do HPV com uso da reação em cadeia de polimerase em duas etapas (PCR e nPCR) com os oligonucleotídeos iniciadores MY11/MY09 e GP5+/ GP6+. O DNA do HPV foi detectado em 43,33% dos 30 pacientes analisados. Não houve associação com os fatores de risco analisados.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a wide spectrum of lesions in humans, and it has been linked to oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate it with clinical characteristics and risk factors. We studied 33 patients with lip squamous cell carcinomas. Of these, 30 were positive for human beta globin gene and tested for HPV DNA, using polymerase chain reaction in two steps (PCR and nPCR) with MY11/MY09 and GP5+/GP6+ primers. HPV DNA was detected in 43.33% of patients analyzed. There was no association with the risk factors analyzed.

The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathological analysis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to predict the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Eighty-three paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from patients with oropharynx and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma were submitted to histopathological analysis under light microscopy, specifically for the determination of the presence of koilocytes. Subsequently, DNA was purified from the same paraffin-embedded specimens and submitted to PCR. Fisher's exact test showed no statistically significant correlation between the two methods. The results suggest that the presence of koilocytes is unreliable for the detection of HPV presence in oral and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma.

El pénfigo vulgar es una enfermedad vesiculo ampollar crónica y grave que compromete piel y mucosas. La presencia de anticuerpos antidesmosómicos resulta en la disolución de la sustancia cementante intercelular para la destrucción de los desmosomas que mantienen unidas a las células epiteliales generando una separación intraepitelial característica que ocurre luego arriba de la camada de células basales. El pénfigo vulgar es una condición de revelancia odontológica que si no estratada puede resultar en la muerte del paciente. El compromiso de la cavidad bucal en la mayoria de los casos aliado a la importancia del diagnóstico precoz para el pronóstico y tratamiento, refuerzan la necesidad del conocimiento de esa condición por el odontólogo.

Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic and serious auto-imune vesiculo-bullous disease that affects skin and mucous membrane. Antidesmosomal antibodies dissolve intercellular substance that keeps epithelial cells together, resulting in an intraepithelial blister just above basal epithelial layer. Without treatment, pemphigus vulgaris leads patient to die. The fact that this disorder presents oral manifestation in most cases, in addiction to the relevance of a precocious diagnosis to the success of the treatment and prognosis support the importance of about the knowledge of this disease to dentist's notice.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos métodos para extração de DNA a partir de tecidos biológicos inclusos em parafina encontram-se descritos na literatura, sendo o sucesso desse procedimento de grande importância para a realização de métodos moleculares de diagnóstico empregando a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou dois métodos de extração de DNA de material parafinado, visando à amplificação do DNA genômico pela técnica da PCR. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas 35 amostras de casos de carcinoma epidermóide de assoalho bucal diagnosticados e tratados no Centro de Oncologia Bucal da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Os métodos de extração de DNA avaliados incluíram: 1. digestão com proteinase K seguida por purificação com Chelex 100® (BioRad); e 2. sistema QIAamp DNA minikit® (Qiagen). O DNA obtido foi quantificado por espectrofotometria e amplificado pela técnica da PCR, utilizando-se oligonucleotídeos iniciadores para betaglobina. RESULTADOS: A concentração de DNA obtido do material extraído com o primeiro método apresentou média de 120,62 ng/µl com razão entre as leituras das absorbâncias 260/280 variando de 0,8 a 1,41. Para as amostras extraídas com o segundo procedimento, o rendimento médio foi de 67,38 ng/µl, no entanto a razão 260/280 variou entre 1,11 e 2,53. O material foi submetido à PCR e, das 35 amostras extraídas com cada método, respectivamente, 29 e 30 apresentaram sinal positivo. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois métodos utilizados para obtenção de DNA de material parafinado apresentaram desempenho semelhante, revelando que ambos têm potencial para auxiliar na prática da biologia molecular diagnóstica, assim como no estudo diagnóstico retrospectivo em material parafinizado.

BACKGROUND: There are several methods for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues reported in the literature. High success rate on this procedure is important for the use of molecular diagnostic methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). OBJECTIVE: Two methods of DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded samples were tested aiming at PCR amplification of genomic DNA. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty-five samples were obtained from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of mouth floor treated at the Oral Oncology Center in Universidade Estadual Paulista. The DNA extraction methods included: 1. proteinase K digestion followed by Chelex 100® (BioRad) purification and 2. QIAamp DNA minikit® system (Qiagen). Purified DNA was quantified by spectrophometry and a beta-globin gene fragment was amplified using PCR. RESULTS: The DNA concentration from samples applied to the first method presented an average of 120.62 ng/µl and absorbance ratio 260/280 varying between 0.8 and 1.41. From the samples extracted using the second procedure, the mean DNA concentration was 67.38 ng/µl, with absorbance ratio varying between 1.11 and 2.53. DNA samples were submitted to PCR and from 35 samples extracted with both methods, respectively, 29 and 30 were successfully amplified for the beta-globin gene. CONCLUSION: Both methods used to obtain genomic DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues presented similar performance, revealing their potential to be included in diagnosis of molecular biology, as well as in retrospective studies using archived paraffin-embedded samples.

El mantenimiento del ligamento periodontal sin vitalidad en la superficie radicular puede influenciar en el proceso de reparación en el reimplante dental, por lo tanto puede ser sustituido por tejido óseo o comenzar un proceso de reabsorción inflamatória. Por lo tanto, muchas formas de retiro de este ligamento se han estudiado. Es propuesta de ese trabajo evaluar, por medio de cortes histológicos, los resultados del tratamiento de la superficie de los dientes sometidos a exodoncias y mantenerlo en medio ambiente por 6 horas. Para la realización del experimiento, se utilizaron 15 ratones, divididos en tres grupos, con 5 dientes cada uno: Grupo I, suero fisiológico por tres minutos; Grupo II, ácido cítrico (pH 1.0) por tres minutos; Grupo III, fricción de la superficie radicular con gaza esteril humedecida con ácido cítrico (pH1.0) por um minuto. Después del procesamiento laboratorial de rutina los cortes fueron sometidos a análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo (Software ImageLab - Diracom 3). En todos los grupos fueron observados restos del ligamento periodontal en toda la extensión palatina de la superfície radicular. El grupo III tuvo la mayor área de tejido con diferencia estadisticamente significante (p> 0.001). Fue posible concluir que el ácido cítrico no fue capaz de remover el ligamento periodontal necrosado de dientes de ratón después de seis horas de resequedad, en ninguna de las formas de aplicación utilizada.

The maintenance of the periodontal ligament without vitality on the root surface can influence in the process of repair in the dental replantation, therefore it can be substituted by bone tissue or to give beginning to a process of inflammatory resorption. Therefore, many forms of removal of this ligament have been studied. It is intention of this work to evaluate, by means of histological study, the results of the treatment of the tooth surface in dental extraction and left in environment for 6 hours. For the accomplishment of the experiment 15 mouse, divided in three groups will be used, with 5 teeth in each: Group I, salt solution per three minutes; Group II, acid citric (pH 1,0) per three minutes e; Group III, friction of the root surface with acid humidified barren gauze with citric (pH 1,0) per one minute. After the laboratorial processing of routine the cuts had been submitted to the qualitative and quantitative analysis (Software ImageLab - Diracom 3). In all the groups had been observed remaining of the periodontal ligament in all palatal extension of the root s surface. Group III showed to greater tissue area with statistic significant difference (p > 0.001). It was possible to conclude that acid the citric one was not capable to after remove the rat periodontal tooth ligament necrosis six hours of drying, in none of the forms of used application.

A manutenção do ligamento periodontal sem vitalidade sobre a superfície radicular pode influenciar no processo de reparo no reimplante dentário, pois pode ser substituído por tecido ósseo ou dar início a um processo de reabsorção inflamatória. Por isso, muitas formas de remoção desse ligamento têm sido estudadas. É propósito de este trabalho avaliar, por meio de cortes histológicos, os resultados do tratamento da superfície de dentes avulsionados cirurgicamente e deixados em meio ambiente por 6 horas com soro fisiológico e ácido cítrico (pH 1.0). Para a realização do experimento serão empregados 15 ratos, divididos em três grupos, com 5 dentes em cada: Grupo I, soro fisiológico por três minutos; Grupo II, ácido cítrico (pH 1.0) por três minutos e; Grupo III, fricção da superfície radicular com gaze estéril umedecida com ácido cítrico (pH 1.0) por um minuto. Após o processamento laboratorial de rotina os cortes foram submetidos à análise qualitativa e quantitativa (Software ImageLab - Diracom 3). Em todos os grupos foram observados remanescentes do ligamento periodontal em toda extensão palatina da superfície radicular. O grupo III mostrou maior área de tecido com diferença estatisticamente significante (p> 0.001). Foi possível concluir que o ácido cítrico não foi capaz de remover o ligamento periodontal necrosado de dentes de rato após seis horas de ressecamento, em nenhuma das formas de aplicação utilizada.