OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and infectious complications of neutropenic patients in a referral hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2008, which enrolled all neutropenic patients identified by daily blood counts in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Demographic data and information on infections were obtained from the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen patients were followed up during 129 hospitalizations. The patients had a mean age of 48.7 years old. Sixty-four (55.2%) patients were male and 25 (21.6%) died during the follow-up. In 97 (75.2%) of the hospitalizations, patients had episodes of febrile neutropenia. Patients classified as low-riskhad a mortality rate of 16.2% (n = 12) vs. 39.1% (n = 9) among high-risk patients (p-value = 0.02). The death rate of the patients who had been submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 13.5% (n = 5)vs. 26.7% (n = 16) among patients not submitted to transplantation (p-value = 0.13). Of the 155 infections diagnosed, 45.5% were defined as clinically documented. The etiological agent most frequently isolated was Escherichia coli and the main topography reported was bloodstream infections. The most used antimicrobial agents were cefepime, vancomycin and fluconazole. Approximately 24% of patients evolved with impaired renal function during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Most reported infections in neutropenic patients were defined as clinically documented, which shows the importance of suspicion in patients without specific signs and symptoms for early diagnosis and the need for the classification of risk for timely interventions.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do sêmen de carneiros da raça Santa Inês, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de caroço de algodão integral (CAI). Foram utilizados 20 carneiros distribuídos em quatro dietas e alimentados com 0, 20, 30, 40% do caroço de algodão integral. Para este estudo realizou-se a coleta de sêmen dos animais pelo método da eletroejaculação e durante nove meses procedeu-se o exame andrológico mensal. As variáveis analisadas foram: circunferência escrotal (CE); volume, aspecto e cor do ejaculado, motilidade progressiva (MP), vigor, movimento de massa (MM), concentração espermática total (spzX10(9)), morfologia espermática (ME) e hematócritos sanguíneos. A CE não variou entre as dietas com média de 31,83 cm. Os animais que receberam (CAI) tiveram ingestão média de 9,16 mg de gossipol kg-1 PV, e tenderam a apresentar o sêmen de coloração esverdeada, com aspecto variando de cremoso fino a aquoso. Nas características microscópicas a MP decresceu linearmente com aumento do nível de CAI, enquanto o vigor mostrou comportamento quadrático. Os defeitos totais tiveram efeito linear crescente em relação aos valores de referência descritos na literatura. O CAI não influenciou os níveis de hematócritos, porém afetou a motilidade progressiva e o vigor dos espermatozoides, não devendo ser usado em dietas de animais destinados à reprodução.

This study evaluated the semen quality of Santa Ines sheep fed diets containing different levels of whole cottonseed (WCS). Twenty sheep were distributed into four groups that were given diets with 0; 20; 30; 40% of WCS. For this study the semen was collected by electroejaculation, and a monthly andrological examination was performed during nine months. The analyzed variables were: scrotal circumference (SC), appearance and color of the ejaculate, progressive motility (PM), vigor, mass movement (MM), total sperm concentration (spzX10(9)), sperm morphology (SM) and blood hematocrit. The SC had no difference among diets, with mean 31.83 cm. The animals fed diets with WCS, presented mean intake of 9.16 mg gossypol kg BW, and were prone to present greenish semen, and appearance ranging from thin creamy to watery. The PM decreased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing level of WCS, while the vigor had a quadratic trend. The total defects increased linearly in relation to reference values described in literature. The WSC had no influence on hematocrit levels, but did affect the PM and vigor of spermatozoa, thus not recommended to diets of animals for breeding.

Visando avaliar o efeito da adição de glutationa reduzida (GSH) ao diluente de congelação de sêmen caprino à base de leite desnatado, utilizou-se sêmen de cinco reprodutores Boer. Após colheita e avaliação, procedeu-se à formação do pool dos ejaculados e diluição em leite desnatado e glicerol 7%, acrescido de antioxidantes: G1) Controle; G2) GSH 2mM mL-1; G3) GSH 5mM mL-1 e G4) GSH 7mM mL-1. As amostras foram congeladas em palhetas (0,25mL) e armazenadas a -196°C. Após descongelação, avaliou-se a integridade de membrana plasmática (iMP) e acrossomal (iAc), potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM), cinética e ultraestrutura. Os grupos Controle e GSH (2, 5 e 7mM mL-1) não diferiram (P>0,05) em iMP, iAc, PMM e cinética. Na análise ultraestrutural, os porcentuais de membrana plasmática (cabeça e cauda) e acrossoma íntegros não diferiram (P>0,05) entre grupos. Todavia, o grupo Controle apresentou maior porcentual (P<0,05) de gametas com axonema íntegros do que os de GSH (2, 5 e 7mM mL-1). Maior porcentagem (P<0,05) de espermatozoides com mitocôndrias íntegras foi observada no grupo Controle do que nos de GSH (5 e 7 mM mL-1). Conclui-se que a adição de GSH (2, 5 e 7mM mL-1) em diluente de congelação de sêmen caprino, à base de leite desnatado, não preserva a integridade dos espermatozoides.

Aiming to evaluate in vitro effect of different concentrations of glutathione reduced (GSH) in skimmed-milk and glycerol 7% it was used semen from five Boer bucks. After collect and evaluation, a pool of samples was diluted in skimmed-milk and glycerol 7% plus antioxidant: G1) Control; G2) GSH 2mM mL-1; G3) GSH 5mM mL-1 and G4) GSH 7mM mL-1. Samples were frozen in straws (0.25mL) and stored at -196°C. After thawing, samples were subjected to integrity of the plasma membrane (iMP) and acrosomal (iAc), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), kinematic and ultrastructure analysis. Control and GSH (2, 5 and 7mM mL-1) groups did no differ (P>0.05) in iMP, iAc, PMM and kinematic parameters. In the ultrastructural analysis, percentages of acrosome and plasma membrane (tail and head region) intact did not differ (P>0.05) between groups. However, Control group had higher percentage (P<0.05) of gametes with intact axonemes than those of GSH (2, 5 and 7mM mL-1) groups. Higher percentage (P<0.05) of sperms with intact mitochondrias were observed on Control group than those of GSH (5 and 7mM mL-1). It can be concluded that the GSH (2, 5 and 7mM mL-1) addition in skimmed-milk diluent to freeze goat semen did not preserve sperm integrity.

Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and infection, frequent in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, is commonly associated with high morbimortality. Several outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumanii have been reported but few of them in Brazil. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with colonization and infection by MDR and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated from patients admitted to the adult ICU at HC/UFMG. A case-control study was performed from January 2007 to June 2008. Cases were defined as patients colonized or infected by MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, and controls were patients without MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolation, in a 1:2 proportion. For statistical analysis, due to changes in infection control guidelines, infection criteria and the notification process, this study was divided into two periods. During the first period analyzed, from January to December 2007, colonization or infection by MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was associated with prior infection, invasive device utilization, prior carbapenem use and clinical severity. In the multivariate analysis, prior infection and mechanical ventilation proved to be statistically significant risk factors. Carbapenem use showed a tendency towards a statistical association. During the second study period, from January to June 2008, variables with a significant association with MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii colonization/infection were catheter utilization, carbapenem and third-generation cephalosporin use, hepatic transplantation, and clinical severity. In the multivariate analysis, only CVC use showed a statistical difference. Carbapenem and third-generation cephalosporin use displayed a tendency to be risk factors. Risk factors must be focused on infection control and prevention measures considering A. baumanni dissemination.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as taxas de manifestação de sintomas de estro, de resposta superovulatória e de recuperação de embriões em 20 cabras da raça Moxotó em três tratamentos consecutivos, em intervalos de 56 dias. O ciclo estral das fêmeas foi sincronizado com esponjas vaginais contendo 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MGA) durante 11 dias e com 100 mig de cloprostenol (PGF2alfa ) administrado no nono dia. Neste dia, iniciou-se o tratamento superovulatório com 250 UI de FSH-p por cabra, fracionadas em oito doses decrescentes, com intervalo de 12 horas. A repetição do tratamento superovulatório com FSH-p diminuiu a taxa de manifestação de sintomas de estro, porém não afetou a taxa de ovulação e reduziu a taxa de regressão prematura de corpos lúteos. A taxa de recuperação de embriões foi influenciada pela ocorrência de regressão prematura de corpos lúteos e pela ação das repetidas colheitas de embriões sobre o genital. Não foi possível avaliar o efeito das repetidas superovulações sobre a taxa de recuperação de embriões.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the rates of estrous, superovulatory response and embryos recovery in Moxotó goats after three treatments with porcine FSH. Twenty goats were synchronised with medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges (60 mg for 11days) and cloprostenol (l00 mug on ninth day). The animals were superovulated with 250 IU of FSH-p in 8 decreasing doses at intervals of 12 hours. The repetition of superovulatory treatment decreased estrous symptoms, but didn’t affect the ovulation rate and decreased the regressed corpus luteum rate. The embryos recovery was affected by regressed corpus luteum and embryo collection technique.

O objetivo deste experimento foi comparar a eficiência e o efeito de consecutivas colheitas de embriões, por três diferentes métodos (transcervical-T1, laparoscopia-T2 e laparotomia-T3), sobre a atividade reprodutiva de doadoras da espécie caprina. Utilizaram-se 10 cabras em cada método (T1, T2 e T3), sendo as colheitas de embriões repetidas três vezes consecutivas, nas mesmas fêmeas, com intervalo de 56 dias. As fêmeas foram sincronizadas com esponjas vaginais impregnadas com 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona durante 10 dias e 100 µg de cloprostenol aplicados pela via IM no oitavo dia da sincronização. No 8º dia, iniciou-se a superovulação com 250 UI de FSH de origem suína, divididas em oito doses decrescentes, aplicadas em intervalo de 12 horas. As fêmeas foram acasaladas e as colheitas de embriões realizadas no 5º ou 6º dia após a última cobertura. Após 56 dias da terceira colheita de embriões, foram realizados o abate e a necrópsia das doadoras. O tempo necessário para a colheita de embriões em cada método foi de 21 minutos e 32 segundos; 37 minutos e 14 segundos e 56 minutos e 22 segundos, respectivamente, para T1, T2 e T3 (p<0,01). A maior taxa de recuperação da solução de lavagem foi no T3 (83,7%), seguido por T2 (72,2%) e T1 (64,3%) (p<0,05). As taxas médias de recuperação dos embriões foram 57,1; 81,1 e 27,3% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente, com variação entre 0-100%. A taxa de recuperação de embriões sofreu influência de vários fatores, como a presença de corpos lúteos regredidos, a taxa de ovulação e a presença de aderências no sistema genital, mas, isoladamente, a taxa de recuperação de embriões foi satisfatória nos três métodos. O T1 causou eversão do endométrio e aderência entre o corno uterino e o epíploo em uma única fêmea, o T2 causou eversão do endométrio em 30%, 40% e 60% e aderências do sistema genital em 10%, 10% e 70% das fêmeas à 1ª, 2ª e 3ª colheitas, respectivamente. O T3 causou aderências no sistema genital em 80% das doadoras após a primeira e 100% após a segunda colheita. O T1 e o T2 permitem o uso de doadoras em repetidas colheitas de embriões, o que não ocorre com o T3, que causa aderências no sistema genital e órgãos circunvizinhos em 100% dos casos.

The purpose of this trial was to compare the efficiency and effect of consecutive embryo recoveries by three different methods (T1 - transcervical; T2 laparoscopy and T3 laparotomy) on the reproductive activity of goat donors. Ten goats were allocated into each treatment (T1, T2 and T3) and submitted to three consecutive embryo recoveries. These were performed 56 days apart. The superovulation begun on 8th day of oestrus synchronization and all goats received 250 UI of porcine FSH splited into eight decreasing dosages at 12 hours intervals. The embryo recovery took place on the 5th or 6th day from the last mating. Fifty-six days after the third recovery of embryos, the animals were sacrified and the genital tract was evaluated. The time spent to recovery the embryos was 21min 32sec; 37min 14sec and 56min 22sec, respectively to T1; T2 and T3 (p<0.01). T3 showed the highest recovery rate of washing solution (83.7%), followed by T2 (72.2%) and T1 (64.3%) (p<0.05). Embryo recovery rate had as mean values, 57.1; 81.1 and 27.3%, respectivily to T1, T2 and T3. The variation ranged between 0 and 100%. Several factors affected the embryo recovery rate, such as the presence of demised corpora lutea, the ovulation rate and the presence of adhesions in the genital tract. Nonetheless, embryo recevery rate was acceptable in all treatments. The T1 caused eversion of endometrium and adherence between the uterine horn and epiploon in one animal, the T2 caused 30, 40 and 60% of endometrium eversion and 10, 10 and 70% adherence on genital tract, respectively, for the first, second and third embryo recovery. The T3 caused 80% of adherence on genital tract after the first embryo recovery and 100% after the second. It is possible to use the methods T1 and T2 to recovery embryos in goats.