Abstract This systematic review evaluated the available evidence on whether children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) have more dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behavior management problems (DBMPs) than those without MIH (Prospero CDR42020203851). Unrestricted searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, BBO, Embase, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Observational studies evaluating DFA and/or DBMPs in patients with and without MIH were eligible. Reviews, case reports, interventional studies, and those based on questionnaires to dentists were excluded. The methodological quality assessment was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize data on DFA. The certainty of evidence was performed according to GRADE. Seven studies that evaluated a total of 3,805 patients were included. All of them presented methodological issues, mainly in the comparability domain. Most studies observed no significant difference in DFA between children with and without MIH. The meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of MIH on the standardized units for the DFA scores (SMD = 0.03; 95%CI: -0.06–0.12; p = 0.53; I2 = 0%). Synthesis including only the results for severe cases of MIH also did not show a significant effect of the condition on DFA scores (MD = 8.68; 95%CI: -8.64–26.00; p = 0.33; I2 = 93%). Two articles found DBMPs were significantly more frequent in patients with MIH. The overall certainty of evidence was very low for both outcomes assessed. The current evidence suggests no difference in DFA between children with and without MIH; DBMPs are more common in patients with MIH. This information should be viewed with caution because of the very low quality evidence obtained.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chemochemical methods (Carisolv™ and Papacárie®) versus the manual method (excavators) in reducing the cariogenic microbiota in dentine caries of primary teeth. Forty-six healthy children (5 to 9 years old) having at least one primary tooth with a cavitated dentine carious lesion were included in the study. The teeth presented no clinical or radiographic signs of pulpal involvement. The sample of 74 teeth was randomly divided into three different groups: Papacárie® (n = 25), Carisolv™ (n = 27) and Manual (n = 22). Samples of carious and sound dentine were collected with sterile excavators before and after caries removal in the three groups. The dentine samples were transferred to glass tubes containing a 1mL thioglycollate medium used as a carrier and enriched for microbiological detection of mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp, after incubation for 6h at room temperature. The minimum detection value for colony forming units (CFU) was 3.3 x 102 CFU/ml, and the results were converted into scores from 0 to 4. A significant difference was observed in relation to the microbiological scores before and after caries removal for all methods (Wilcoxon test; p < 0.001). The use of chemomechanical methods for caries removal did not improve the reduction of cariogenic microorganisms in dentine caries lesions, in comparison with manual excavation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi associar freqüência de higiene bucal e presença de biofilme visível na dentição decídua. A amostra constou de 90 crianças com idade até 4 anos, cadastradas no Hospital Universitário da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os exames foram realizados em consultório odontológico por um único examinador treinado, auxiliado por um anotador. Os pais responderam a um questionário estruturado sobre métodos e freqüência de higiene bucal. Foram utilizados dois índices de biofilme: um simplificado (BF1) e um convencional (BF2). O BF1 classifica o biofilme como ausente, fino ou espesso, em dentes anteriores e/ou posteriores, gerando um escore para o paciente, enquanto o BF2 classifica o biofilme como ausente ou presente, fornece escores a três superfícies de cada dente e o escore final corresponde ao percentual de superfícies com biofilme. Mais da metade dos pais (51 - 56,7%) relataram limpar os dentes dos filhos pelo menos duas vezes ao dia ao passo que 7 (7,8%) nunca tinham limpado os dentes dos filhos. O BF1 demonstrou que 12,2% (11) das crianças não apresentavam biofilme visível, 37,8% (34) apresentavam biofilme fino em dentes anteriores e/ou posteriores, 27,8% (25), biofilme espesso em dentes anteriores ou posteriores, e 22,2% (20), biofilme espesso em dentes anteriores e posteriores. O BF2 revelou uma média de 21,8% (d.p. 16,5). Não foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a freqüência de higiene bucal e os índices de biofilme (p > 0,05), demonstrando que a freqüência de higiene bucal não esteve associada à qualidade da mesma na amostra estudada.

The purpose of this study was to associate oral hygiene frequency and presence of visible biofilm in the primary dentition. The sample consisted of 90 children, aged up to 4 years old, outpatients of the University Hospital of the Rio de Janeiro State University. The examinations were carried out in a dental office by a single trained examiner who was aided by an assistant. The parents answered a structured questionnaire about oral hygiene methods and frequency. Two biofilm indices, one simplified (BF1) and the other conventional (BF2), were used. BF1 classifies biofilm as absent, thin or thick, in anterior and/or posterior teeth, and provides a score for the patient, whereas BF2 classifies biofilm as absent or present, provides scores for three surfaces of each tooth and the final score is the percentage of tooth surfaces with biofilm. More than half of the parents (51 - 56.7%) reported they cleaned their child's teeth at least twice a day, while 7 (7.8%) had never cleaned their child's teeth. BF1 revealed that 12.2% (11) of the children had no visible biofilm, 37.8% (34) had thin biofilm in anterior and/or posterior teeth, 27.8% (25) had thick biofilm in anterior or posterior teeth and 22.2% (20) had thick biofilm in both anterior and posterior teeth. BF2 revealed a mean value of 21.8% (s.d. 16.5). No statistically significant correlations were found between oral hygiene frequency and the two biofilm indices (p > 0.05), indicating that oral hygiene frequency was not associated to oral hygiene quality in the evaluated sample.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características da dentição decídua de crianças de 6 a 39 meses de idade, matriculadas em quatro creches do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram avaliadas a forma dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida, relacionando-as com gênero e fase de desenvolvimento da dentição decídua. Com relação ao arco superior, 68,6% das crianças possuíam arco arredondado e 31,4% forma triangular. Quanto ao arco inferior, 92% o apresentaram em forma de "U" e 8% em forma de quadrado. A sobressaliência moderada ocorreu em 38,3%, enquanto que a leve ocorreu em 30,3% das crianças. A sobremordida exagerada (26,6%) e a negativa (25,5%) foram as mais prevalentes. Não houve diferença significante entre as freqüências das diferentes formas dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida em relação ao gênero. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significante (qui-quadrado, p < 0,001) entre a forma dos arcos superiores, o grau de sobressaliência e o grau de sobremordida em relação à fase de desenvolvimento da dentição. No presente estudo, foi possível observar um aumento significativo das maloclusões com a erupção dos primeiros molares decíduos e elevação da dimensão posterior. Dessa forma, torna-se extremamente importante que a primeira visita odontológica ocorra no primeiro ano de vida, possibilitando ao odontopediatra a prevenção ou diagnóstico precoce de maloclusões na dentição decídua em desenvolvimento.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics (shape of dental arches, overjet and overbite) of the primary dentition of 6- to 39-month-old children from four nurseries of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to associate them to gender and dentition phase. It was observed that 68.6% of the children presented round upper arch, while 31.4% had triangular upper arch; 92% of the children presented U-shaped lower arch and 8% had square-shaped lower arch. Moderate overjet was observed in 38.3% of the children, and slight overjet, in 30.3%. Severe (26.6%) and negative (25.5%) overbites were the most prevalent modalities of that condition. There was no association between gender and the studied characteristics. There was statistically significant association between the dentition phase and the shape of the arch, overjet and overbite (p < 0.001, chi-square test). It was possible to observe, in the present study, that early signs of malocclusions appeared when first primary molars erupted, as the posterior vertical dimension of occlusion increased. It was, thus, verified that early signs of malocclusions appear as the primary dentition develops. It is very important that the first dental visit occur during the first year of age, since it allows the pediatric dentist to prevent or carry out an early diagnosis of malocclusions in the primary dentition.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fatores de risco em crianças com idade até 36 meses cadastradas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ). Após a obtenção de consentimento livre e informado, foi realizada uma entrevista com os responsáveis por meio da qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco à cárie, incluindo condições sócio-econômico-culturais, hábitos de higiene oral e de dieta. Um único examinador realizou o exame bucal das crianças para a avaliação de cárie, de biofilme dental e de sangramento gengival. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do programa Epi Info, utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado. As crianças tinham em média 22,9 meses de idade. A prevalência de cárie encontrada, incluindo lesões não cavitadas, foi de 41,6% e o índice ceo-s foi de 1,7 (± 2,5). Os dentes mais afetados foram os anteriores superiores e o tipo de lesão mais comum foi a mancha branca ativa. Não houve associação significativa estatisticamente entre a prevalência de cárie e os fatores sócio-econômico-culturais, freqüência de higiene, hábito de amamentação noturna e dieta cariogênica durante o dia. Entretanto, a associação entre cárie e presença de biofilme dental foi considerada altamente significativa (p < 0,001). Os resultados sugerem que o acúmulo de biofilme dental espesso foi o fator preponderante para a ocorrência da cárie de estabelecimento precoce na amostra avaliada.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The children’s mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample.

No intuito de conhecer mais sobre as características da dentição decídua, apresentadas pelas crianças brasileiras, realizou-se um estudo de prevalência do qual participaram 400 crianças, com dentição decídua completa e idade variando de 2 a 6 anos, na cidade de Petrópolis - RJ. O arco tipo I foi o mais prevalente tanto no arco superior (93,2%) como no inferior (90,5%), sendo que o superior tipo II foi mais comum no sexo feminino (p < 0,01). Os espaços primatas foram os espaços interproximais mais encontrados em ambos os arcos. A associação entre a presença de espaços interproximais e idade foi estatisticamente significante para ambos os arcos (p < 0,05), sugerindo uma tendência para o fechamento dos espaços com o aumento da idade.

For the purpose of ascertaining more information about the characteristics of deciduous dentition presented by the Brazilian children, a prevalence study was performed. Four hundred children with complete deciduous dentitions and age ranging from 2 to 6 years, were examined in Petrópolis - RJ - Brazil. The type I arch was the most prevalent in the upper arch (93.2%) and in the lower arch (90.5%). The type II upper arch was more common in the females (p < 0.01). The primate spaces were the most frequent spaces found in both arches. The association between the presence of interdental spaces and age was statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting that there is a tendency for the spaces to close with age.