Objetivos : Descrever as variáveis socioeconômicas de idosos com indicativo de depressão segundo o sexo, verificar a associação entre o status de fragilidade e o sexo, e descrever o componente do fenótipo de fragilidade mais impactado entre os idosos com indicativo de depressão pré-frágeis e frágeis. Métodos Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, conduzido com 418 idosos com indicativo de depressão residentes no município de Uberaba, MG. Utilizaram-se a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada e o Fenótipo de Fragilidade de Fried. Foram utilizados análise descritiva e o teste Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados Verificou-se que, entre os idosos com indicativo de depressão, 27,8% eram frágeis e 51,7%, pré-frágeis. O status de fragilidade não esteve associado ao sexo (p = 0,910). Dentre os pré-frágeis, os componentes do fenótipo mais impactados foram o autorrelato de exaustão/fadiga para as mulheres e diminuição da força muscular para os homens. Nos frágeis, prevaleceu a diminuição da força muscular para ambos os sexos. Conclusão Mediante os achados deste estudo, conclui-se que, embora não tenha ocorrido associação entre a síndrome de fragilidade e o sexo, a identificação dos componentes do fenótipo de fragilidade mais impactados pode favorecer o atendimento multiprofissional, considerando as especificidades dos grupos. O diagnóstico precoce contribui para o estabelecimento de condutas e prevenção de agravos.

Objectives To describe the socioeconomic variables of elderly indicative of depression by gender, verify the association between frailty status and sex, and describe the component of the phenotype of frailty among older adults impacted more indicative of pre-frail and frail depression. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, conducted with 418 elderly residents indicative of depression in Uberaba-MG. We used the Geriatric Depression Scale Short and Phenotype of Frailty Fried. We used descriptive and Chi-square test (p < 0.05) analysis. Results It was found that among elderly indicative of depression, 27.8% and 51.7% were fragile pre-frail. The frailty status was not associated with gender (p = 0.910). Among the pre-frail, components most impacted phenotype were self-reported exhaustion/fatigue for women and decreased muscle strength for men. In fragile, prevailed decreased muscle strength for both sexes. Conclusion Through the findings of this study, it is concluded that though there was no association between the syndrome of frailty and sex, the identification of components of the phenotype of frailty most impacted can promote multidisciplinary care, considering the specificities of the groups. Early diagnosis helps to establish conducts and disease prevention.

The genetic diversity and structure of the ant Atta robusta were assessed by ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) in 72 colonies collected from 10 localities in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo (48 colonies) and Rio de Janeiro (24 colonies). The ISSR pattern included 67 bands, 51 of them (76.1%) polymorphic. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high level (57.4%) of inter-population variation, which suggested a high degree of genetic structure that was confirmed by UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average) cluster analysis. The significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) indicated isolation that reflected the distance between locations. Overall, the populations were found to be genetically divergent. This finding indicates the need for management plans to preserve and reduce the risk of extinction of A. robusta.

Melipona quadrifasciata is a stingless bee widely found throughout the Brazilian territory, with two recognized subspecies, M. quadrifasciata anthidioides, that exhibits interrupted metasomal stripes, and M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata, with continuous metasomal stripes. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variability of these subspecies. For this purpose, 127 colonies from 15 Brazilian localities were analyzed, using nine species-specific microsatellite primers. At these loci, the number of alleles ranged from three to 15 (mean: 7.2), and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.03-0.21, while the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.23-0.47. The genetic distances among populations ranged from 0.03-0.45. The F ST multilocus value (0.23) indicated that the populations sampled were structured, and the clustering analysis showed the formation of two subgroups and two more distant populations. The first group contained the subspecies M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata, and the other, the subspecies M. quadrifasciata anthidioides and the two M. quadrifasciata populations with continuous metasomal stripes from northern Minas Gerais. These results confirmed that the yellow metasomal stripes alone are not a good means for correctly identifying the different subspecies of M. quadrifasciata.

In Panama, species of the genus Lutzomyia are vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). There is no recent ecological information that may be used to develop tools for the control of this disease. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the composition, distribution and diversity of Lutzomyia species that serve as vectors of ACL. Sandfly sampling was conducted in forests, fragmented forests and rural environments, in locations with records of ACL. Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia panamensis and Lutzomyia trapidoi were the most widely distributed and prevalent species. Analysis of each sampling point showed that the species abundance and diversity were greatest at points located in the fragmented forest landscape. However, when the samples were grouped according to the landscape characteristics of the locations, there was a greater diversity of species in the rural environment locations. The Kruskal Wallis analysis of species abundance found that Lu. gomezi and Lu. trapidoi were associated with fragmented environments, while Lu. panamensis, Lutzomyia olmeca bicolor and Lutzomyia ylephiletor were associated with forested environments. Therefore, we suggest that human activity influences the distribution, composition and diversity of the vector species responsible for leishmaniasis in Panama.

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the primary vector of the parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In the present study, Lu. longipalpis was found in a domiciliary area in Limón, a district in Capira, a region in which cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Panama. Previously, this species has been found in a humid forest in this same region. Finding Lu. longipalpis in domiciliary areas indicates that this species may be adapting to new habitats and that it may play a role in the transmission of leishmaniasis in Panama.

Stingless bee colonies typically consist of one single-mated mother queen and her worker offspring. The stingless bee Melipona bicolor (Hymenoptera: Apidae) shows facultative polygyny, which makes this species particularly suitable for testing theoretical expectations concerning social behavior. In this study, we investigated the social structure and genetic relatedness among workers from eight natural and six manipulated colonies of M. bicolor over a period of one year. The populations of M. bicolor contained monogynous and polygynous colonies. The estimated genetic relatedness among workers from monogynous and polygynous colonies was 0.75 ± 0.12 and 0.53 ± 0.16 (mean ± SEM), respectively. Although the parental genotypes had significant effects on genetic relatedness in monogynous and polygynous colonies, polygyny markedly decreased the relatedness among nestmate workers. Our findings also demonstrate that polygyny in M. bicolor may arise from the adoption of related or unrelated queens.

When working at quantifying the genome size of stingless bees, it was observed that males of Lestrimelitta sp possessed the same amount of nuclear DNA as the females. Thus, we used flow cytometry (FCM) and cytogenetic analysis to confirm the ploidy of these individuals. The males analyzed proved to be diploid, since, through cytometric analysis, it was demonstrated that the mean genome size of both males and females was the same (C = 0.463 pg), and, furthermore, cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that both had 2n = 28 chromosomes.

Partamona is a Neotropical genus of stingless bees that comprises 33 species distributed from Mexico to southern Brazil. These bees are well-adapted to anthropic environments and build their nests in several substrates. In this study, 66 colonies of Partamona helleri from five localities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (São Miguel do Anta, Teixeiras, Porto Firme, Viçosa and Rio Vermelho) were analyzed using nine microsatellite loci in order to assess their genetic variability. Low levels of observed (Ho = 0.099-0.137) and expected (He = 0.128-0.145) heterozygosity were encountered and revealed discrete genetic differentiation among the populations (F ST =0.025). AMOVA further showed that most of the total genetic variation (94.24%) in P. helleri was explained by the variability within local populations.

Four colonies of the stingless bee Partamona cupira (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were cytogenetically analyzed using conventional staining and the fluorochromes CMA3 e DAPI. The females have 2n = 34 chromosomes (2K=32<img border=0 src="../../../../../../../img/revistas/gmb/2010nahead/ah06a04CarM.gif" align=absmiddle>+2<img border=0 src="../../../../../../../img/revistas/gmb/2010nahead/ah06a04CarA.gif" align=absmiddle>). Some females, however, presented an additional large B acrocentric chromosome, to a total of 2n = 35. Chromosome B and the chromosomal pairs 2, 9 and 10 showed CMA3+ bands, indicating an excess of CG base-pairs. A clear association was verified between the P. helleri B chromosome SCAR marker and the presence of a B chromosome in P. cupira. The data obtained suggests that B chromosomes in P. helleri and P. cupira share a common origin.

Due to their high degree of polymorphism, microsatellites are considered useful tools for studying population genetics. Nevertheless, studies of genetic diversity in stingless bees by means of these primers have revealed a low level of polymorphism, possibly the consequence of the heterologous primers used, since in most cases these were not specifically designed for the species under consideration. Herein we compared the number of polymorphic loci and alleles per locus, as well as observed heterozygosity in Melipona rufiventris and M. mondury populations, using specific and heterologous primers. The use of specific primers placed in evidence the greater frequency of polymorphic loci and alleles per locus, besides an expressive increase in observed heterozygosity in M. rufiventris and M. mondury, thereby reinforcing the idea that populational studies should be undertaken by preferably using species-specific microsatellite primers.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar as concepções e sugestões dos docentes de graduação de medicina e enfermagem sobre a inserção do tema violência intrafamiliar na formação dos alunos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória aplicando-se questionário a coordenadores de disciplinas de universidades públicas e particulares desses cursos nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Cuiabá. A maioria dos professores reconhece a violência como problema de saúde, embora 40,7% da medicina e 71,1% da enfermagem nas duas cidades a abordem em suas aulas. Docentes de medicina sugerem a inserção transversal do tema na formação dos alunos por meio de visitas a instituições, grupos de encontro com pessoas em situação de violência e entrevista com profissionais experientes no tema. Os de enfermagem apostam em recursos como filmes e vídeos, seminários e conferências. Identificaram-se lacunas na formação dos alunos e dos professores que não se sentem capacitados para discutir a temática da violência. Indica-se necessidade de mudanças urgentes nos currículos desses cursos.

This article identifies the conceptions and suggestions of professors of medicine and nursing courses about the insertion of this subject in the formation of their students. An exploratory research was carried out using a questionnaire applied to coordinators of disciplines in such courses at public and private universities in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Cuiabá. Many of them recognizes violence as a health problem, although 40.7% of medicine professors and 71.1% of nursing professors of the two cities discusses this subject in their classes. The medicine professors suggests the insertion of the violence subject in their students formation with visits to institutions, meeting groups with people in violence situations and interviews with experienced professionals of the area. The nursing professors prefer resources such as films and videos, seminaries and conferences. Gaps were also identified in the students and professors formation, which do not feel able to discuss this thematic. It is indicated that a renovation in the curriculum is urgently necessary.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar as concepções e sugestões dos docentes de graduação de medicina e enfermagem sobre a inserção do tema violência intrafamiliar na formação dos alunos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória aplicando-se questionário a coordenadores de disciplinas de universidades públicas e particulares desses cursos nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Cuiabá. A maioria dos professores reconhece a violência como problema de saúde, embora 40,7% da medicina e 71,1% da enfermagem nas duas cidades a abordem em suas aulas. Docentes de medicina sugerem a inserção transversal do tema na formação dos alunos por meio de visitas a instituições, grupos de encontro com pessoas em situação de violência e entrevista com profissionais experientes no tema. Os de enfermagem apostam em recursos como filmes e vídeos, seminários e conferências. Identificaram-se lacunas na formação dos alunos e dos professores que não se sentem capacitados para discutir a temática da violência. Indica-se necessidade de mudanças urgentes nos currículos desses cursos.

This article identifies the conceptions and suggestions of professors of medicine and nursing courses about the insertion of this subject in the formation of their students. An exploratory research was carried out using a questionnaire applied to coordinators of disciplines in such courses at public and private universities in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Cuiabá. Many of them recognizes violence as a health problem, although 40.7% of medicine professors and 71.1% of nursing professors of the two cities discusses this subject in their classes. The medicine professors suggests the insertion of the violence subject in their students formation with visits to institutions, meeting groups with people in violence situations and interviews with experienced professionals of the area. The nursing professors prefer resources such as films and videos, seminaries and conferences. Gaps were also identified in the students and professors formation, which do not feel able to discuss this thematic. It is indicated that a renovation in the curriculum is urgently necessary.

This study aimed at analyzing the insertion of domestic violence as a theme on the undergraduate curricula of both nursing and medical schools. An exploratory analysis of course contents was made, involving 10 universities of Rio de Janeiro and Cuiabá, Brazil, in 2006. It was observed that the theme was present in 23% of the courses at the medical school and in 16% at the nursing school. The term was better explored in the nursing courses (29%) than in medical courses (11,4%). In nursing courses the theme prevailed in areas of mental and collective health, whereas in medicine it occurred in contents of surgical and general practice. Nursing programs proved to approach the theme under a predominantly psychosocial and health promotion perspective, whereas medicine programs adopted the biomedical perspective, with emphasis on physical trauma. The insertion of the theme proved to be still incipient in the analyzed programs.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la inserción del tema violencia intrafamiliar en los planes de estudios de pregrado en enfermería y medicina. Se hizo un análisis exploratorio de los currículos de 10 facultades de Río de Janeiro y Cuiabá, Brasil, en 2006. Fue verificado que el tema aparece en 23% de las disciplinas de medicina y en 16% de enfermería. El término se describió mejor en los programas de enfermería (29%) que en medicina (11,4%). En enfermería, el tema prevaleció en las áreas de salud mental y de salud colectiva, mientras en medicina ocurrió en los programas de clínicas quirúrgica y general. Fué verificado que los programas de enfermería acercaron el tema principalmente bajo la perspectiva psicosocial y de promoción de la salud, mientras en los de medicina el enfoque major fué dado a la perspectiva biomédica, relacionada al trauma físico. Es considerado que la inserción del tema todavía es incipiente en los programas analizados.

Este trabalho objetivou analisar a inserção do tema violência intrafamiliar nos currículos de graduação em enfermagem e medicina. Desenvolveu-se uma análise exploratória, no ano de 2006, em currículos de 10 faculdades dos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Cuiabá. A partir das ementas de disciplinas constatou-se o tema em 23% das disciplinas de medicina e em 16% de enfermagem. O tema foi mais explicitado nos cursos de enfermagem (29%) do que nos de medicina (11,4%). Na enfermagem, o tema predominou nas áreas de saúde mental e coletiva, enquanto na medicina ocorreu nas disciplinas das clínicas cirúrgica e geral. Verificou-se que na enfermagem o tema é mais abordado sob o ponto de vista psicossocial e da promoção da saúde e na medicina ele o é sob uma visão biomédica vinculada ao trauma físico. Considera-se que a inserção do tema ainda é incipiente nos programas analisados.

The stingless bees Melipona rufiventris and M. mondury were analyzed cytogenetically by conventional staining with Giemsa, C-banding and sequential staining with the fluorochromes CMA3/DA/DAPI. Both species presented 2n = 18 and n = 9, except for one colony of M. rufiventris, in which some individuals had 2n = 19 due to the presence of a B chromosome. After Giemsa staining and C-banding the chromosomes appeared very condensed and presented a high heterochromatic content, making it difficult to localize the centromere and therefore to visualize the chromosomes morphology. The constitutive heterochromatin was located in interstitial chromosome regions covering most of the chromosomes extension and consisted mainly of AT, as shown by DAPI staining. The euchromatin was restricted to the chromosome extremities and was GC-rich, as evidenced by CMA3 staining. The B chromosome was CMA3-negative and DAPI-positive, a heterochromatic constitution similar to that of the A genome chromosomes.

Allozyme, microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used to investigate the within and between population genetic variability and between population genetic differentiation of the Brazilian stingless bee uruçu amarela (nominally Melipona rufiventris Lepeletier, 1836) present in savanna and Atlantic forest habitats of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (MG). We found low levels of within population variability, although there were a large number of private alleles that specifically characterized these populations. The F ST values indicated a high level of genetic diversity between populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a high degree of population differentiation between the savanna and Atlantic forest habitats, confirmed by population pairwise F ST data. Principal coordinates analysis and unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrograms also confirmed that in Minas Gerais the savanna populations (M. rufiventris) were genetically distinct from those present in the Atlantic forest (M. mondury). In addition, populations from locations near the towns of Dom Bosco and Brasilândia de Minas were genetically different from those collected in other localities in the savanna. Our data indicate that populations of uruçu amarela found in the savanna and Atlantic forest habitats of Minas Gerais state should be treated separately for conservation purposes and that special attention should be given to the populations found in the region of Dom Bosco and Brasilândia de Minas until their taxonomic status is clarified.