ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary grape pomace flour (GPF) inclusion on the performance and egg quality of European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in lay. One hundred ninety-two (192), 42-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% grape pomace flour inclusion) with six replicates of eight birds each. The performance parameters egg weight (g), average feed intake (g/bird), total feed intake (g/bird), egg production (%) and feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen) were evaluated, as well as egg quality traits Haugh unit, albumen weight (g), yolk weight (g), eggshell thickness (mm), egg specific gravity (g/cm3), and yolk pigmentation. There was no effect (p>0.05) of dietary GPF levels on egg production, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. Egg weight, albumen weight, and egg specific gravity linearly decreased (p<0.05) as GPM levels increased in the diet. Haugh unit and eggshell thickness were not affected (p>0.05) by the treatments. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed for yolk weight, with an estimated maximal inclusion level of grape pomace flour of 4.18% to obtain the highest yolk weight. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was also observed on yolk pigmentation, with an estimated minimal level of 3.2% for this parameter. The minimal inclusion of 3.2% of grape pomace flour in quail diets influenced the egg yolk pigmentation, demonstrating its efficiency as a pigmentation additive.

Several health organizations have classified diabetes mellitus, a metabolic syndrome, as the epidemic of the century, since it affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the top ten causes of death. Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease, in which autoaggressive T cells infiltrate the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, leading to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells. The risk of the disease is modulated by genetic factors, mainly genes coding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, the incidence of this disease has increased significantly during the recent decades, which cannot be explained only by genetic factors. Environmental perturbations have also been associated to the development of diabetes. Among these factors, viral triggers have been implicated; particularly enteroviruses, which have been associated to the induction of the disease. Supporting the hypothesis, numerous lines of evidence coming from mouse models and patients with this type of diabetes have shown the association. The present review aims to provide some understanding of how type 1 diabetes occurs and the possible role of enterovirus in this pathology.

In parasitology, routine laboratory diagnosis involves conventional methods, such as optical microscopy, used for the morphological identification of parasites. Currently, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to diagnose parasite structures in order to enhance the identification and characterization of parasites. The objective of the present study was to review the main current and new diagnostic techniques for confirmation of parasite infections, namely: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Luminex xMAP, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in addition to microsatellites. Molecular assays have comprehensively assisted in the diagnosis, treatment and epidemiological studies of parasitic diseases that affect people worldwide, helping to control parasitic disease mortality.

OBJETIVO: comparar o desempenho nas habilidades metafonológicas, no nível silábico e fonêmico, por meio do Protocolo de Tarefas de Consciência Fonológica (Cielo, 2001) entre crianças com desenvolvimento de fala normal e desviante (DFE), com idades entre 4 e 8 anos. MÉTODOS: participaram da pesquisa 49 sujeitos, 26 do GR (grupo de referência) sem DFE, os quais fizeram parte da pesquisa de Cielo (2001) e 23 do GE (grupo de estudo) com DFE. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica e da consciência fonológica (CF). RESULTADOS: dos 12 subtestes, envolvendo consciência silábica, em seis (50%) houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o GE e o GR, confirmando o pior desempenho do GE. Nos 10 subtestes envolvendo as tarefas de consciência fonêmica, em seis (60%) apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significante. Porém, na análise das médias de acertos observou-se a tendência do pior desempenho do GE em comparação ao GR, em todas as tarefas. Existe uma diferença estatisticamente significante no desempenho de tarefas de CF (segmentação silábica em dissílabas, trissílabas e quadrissílabas; detecção silábica inicial e final; reversão silábica em dissílabas; detecção de fonemas inicial e final; síntese fonêmica com 3, 4, 5 e 6 fonemas) entre crianças com desenvolvimento de fala normal e crianças com DFE. CONCLUSÕES: na análise geral dos dados as crianças com DFE obtiveram pior desempenho nas tarefas de CF do que as crianças com desenvolvimento de fala normal. Somado ao pior desempenho, as crianças do GE também não conseguiram realizar as tarefas de reversão e segmentação fonêmica.

PURPOSE: to compare the performance in the metaphonological skills at the level of syllabic and phonemic awareness, among children with normal development of speech and children with evolutional phonological disorder (EFD), aged 4 and 8 years. METHODS: 49 subjects took part in the research, being 26 of the RG (reference group) without EFD, who were part of the research by Cielo (2001), and 23 of the SG (study group) with EFD. All the subjects were submitted to speech and language pathologist evaluation and the assessment of the phonological awareness. RESULTS: from the twelve sub-tests involving syllabic awareness, six (50%) presented statistically significant difference between the RG and SG, confirming the worst performance by the SG. In the ten sub-tests involving the tasks of phonemic awareness, six (60%) showed statistically significant differences. However, in the analysis of the averages of the successful results there was a tendency of worse performance by the SG if compared to the RG in all tasks. There is a statistically significant difference in the performance of phonological awareness tasks (syllabic segmentation in two syllables, three syllables and four syllables; initial and final syllables detection; syllabic reversion in two syllables; initial and final phoneme detection; phonemic synthesis with three, four, five and six phonemes) among children with normal development of speech and children with EFD. CONCLUSION: in data general analysis, children with EFD were worst than children with normal speech development in PA tasks. In addition to the worst performance, the children with SG also failed to perform the phonemic reversion and segmentation tasks.