Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW), a new solid-phase connection method, is considered an excellent welding method for aluminium alloys. Grain orientation, grain boundary structure, and texture types in different regions were characterized by a high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction technology. The results revealed that during the welding process, the coarse grains of the base metal are refined, grains in region 1 (600 μm away from the edge of the keyhole) are arranged in a long strip, and the long axis is approximately parallel to the shear direction. The thermal cycle of the welding process causes some grains to recrystallize, further forming a recrystallization (100) [011] rotating-cube texture. The metal in region 2 (100 μm away from the edge of the keyhole) was severely squeezed by the pin, resulting in an increase in the degree of grain breakage in this region, which were mainly equiaxed grains. Due to the eccentric movement of the pin, the (100) [001]-oriented and (110) [001]-oriented grains alternate on the middle layer, forming a banded structure. Plastic deformation and recrystallization occurred in the base metal, within 383 μm in front of the pin, forming a (110) [001] Goss texture and (100) [001] recrystallized cubic texture.

Egg-laying hens are important candidate bioreactors for pharmaceutical protein production because of the amenability of their eggs for protein expression. In this study, we constructed an oviduct-specific vector containing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) protein and green fluorescent protein (pL-2.8OVtPAGFP) and assessed its expression in vitro and in vivo. Oviduct epithelial and 3T3 cells were cultured and transfected with pL-2.8OVtPAGFP and pEGP-N1 (control vector), respectively. The pL-2.8OVtPAGFP vector was administered to laying hens via a wing vein and their eggs and tissues were examined for tPA expression. The oviduct-specific vector pL-2.8OVtPAGFP was expressed only in oviduct epithelial cells whereas pEGP-N1 was detected in oviduct epithelial and 3T3 cells. Western blotting detected a 89 kDa band corresponding to tPA in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells, thus confirming expression of the protein. The amount of tPAGFP in eggs ranged 9 to 41 ng/mL on the third day after vector injection. The tPA expressed in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells showed fibrinolytic activity, indicating that the protein was expressed in active form. GFP was observed only in oviducts, with no detection in heart, muscle, liver and intestine. This is the first study to report the expression of tPA in egg white and oviduct epithelial cells using an oviduct-specific vector.

A series of 6-substituted purines were synthesized from commercially available 2-amino-6-chloropurine with appropriate reagents, and nine new compounds 7, 8, and 11-17 have been discovered. The compounds synthesized were identified by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, as well as mass spectral data. All the title compounds were screened for their antifungal activities, under the method of the disc diffusion, using three species of fungi - Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida tropicalis- and some of the compounds showed promising activities.

Se preparó una serie de purinas 6-sustituidas a partir de la 2-amino-6-cloropurina, que está disponible comercialmente, y de los reactivos apropiados, de los cuales los derivados 7, 8 y 11-17 no han sido reportados previamente. Los compuestos sintetizados se caracterizaron por análisis elemental, RMN ¹H y espectrometría de masas. Todos los compuestos se evaluaron en su actividad antifúngica, a través del método de difusión de discos, sobre tres especies de hongos - Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus niger y Candida tropicalis-, mostrando algunos de ellos una actividad promisoria.